|
Rukminisha Vijaya
Rukminisha Vijaya (, ), is a Vaishnava work composed by the 16th-century Hindu, Madhva saint, Vadiraja Tirtha. It is an important work of Sanskrit literature, containing 19 chapters and 1,241 verses in various metres. The text is written in the Vaidarbhi style. Rukminisha Vijaya is a mahakavya, rendered in the kāvya style, narrating the life of Krishna from boyhood, and ending with his marriage with Rukmini, his chief consort. The book highlights the story of Krishna, as described in the 10th canto of the Bhagavata Purana. Analysis The Rukminisha Vijaya is noted as an exemplar of Dvaita philosophy, and its opposition of the Advaita doctrine. It describes the exploits of Krishna, whose "unquestioned supremacy" is represented by the saint Vadiraja. Quoting on the style of the work, Indologist B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma writes, "The descriptions are effective and natural. The style is deeply alliterative. Sense and sound match well and the imagery is fine and lofty". Content ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vadiraja Tirtha
Sri Vadiraja Tirtha (1480 – 1600) was a Dvaita philosopher, poet, traveller and mystic. He authored many works, often critical, on Madhva theology and metaphysics. Additionally, he composed numerous poems and as the pontiff of Sodhe Mutt, renovated the temple complex at Udupi and established the ''Paryaya'' system of worship. He also enriched the Kannada literature of the time by translating Madhvacharya's works to Kannada, giving impetus and contributing to the Haridasa movement. He has influenced both Carnatic and Hindustani music through his compositions. His compositions are mainly in Kannada and Sanskrit. His mudra is 'Hayavadana'. His works are characterised by their poetic flourishes, wit and humour. Life Vadirajaru was born as Bhuvaraha in Huvinakere, a village in the Kundapura taluk. He was ordained as a monk at the age of 8 and placed into the care of Vidyanidhi Tirtha and later Vagisha Tirtha, who oversaw his education. Works of contemporary Haridasas and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramatman
''Paramatman'' (Sanskrit: परमात्मन्, IAST: Paramātman) or ''Paramātmā'' is the absolute '' Atman'', or supreme Self, in various philosophies such as the Vedanta and Yoga schools in Hindu theology, as well as other Indian religions such as Sikhism. ''Paramatman'' is the "Primordial Self" or the "Self Beyond" who is spiritually identical with the absolute and ultimate reality. Selflessness is the attribute of ''Paramatman'', where all personality/individuality vanishes. Etymology The word stem ''paramātman'' (, its nominative singular being ''paramātmā'' — परमात्मा, pronounced ) is formed from two words, ''parama'', meaning "supreme" or "highest", and ''ātman'', which means individual self. The word '' Ātman'' generally denotes the Individual Self, but by the word ''Paramatman'' which word also expresses Boundless Life, Boundless Consciousness, Boundless Substance in Boundless Space, is meant the ''Atman'' of all ''atmans'' or the Supr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhenuka
In Hindu mythology, Dhenuka, also known as Dhenukasura, is an asura (demon) killed by Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna. The '' Harivamsa'' states that Dhenuka, with his host of attendant demons, all in the form of donkeys, as ruled over a forest of ''tala'' or palms trees, situated on the banks of the Yamuna River, north of mount Govardhana. Once, Balarama, Krishna and cowherds wandered into this forest, captivated by the fragrance of the fruits of the palm trees. When Krishna commented on the possible sweet taste of the fruit, Balarama shook the trees and the fruits fell on the ground. A jealous Dhenuka charged at Balarama, bit him and kicked with his hind legs. Balarama caught hold of Dhenuka's legs and whirled him towards a tree, shattering his chest, neck and waist as the tree fell with the demon. Balarama killed Dhenuka's demon attendants and set the forest open for the cowherds. In Literature The Vishnu Purana also describes his legend: See also *List of Asuras *K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaliya
Kaliya ( IAST: Kāliya, Devanagari: कालिय), in Hindu traditions, was a venomous Nāga living in the Yamunā river, in Vṛndāvana. The water of the Yamunā for four leagues all around him boiled and bubbled with poison. No bird or beast could go near, and only one solitary Kadamba tree grew on the river bank. The celebration of Nāga Nathaiyā or Nāga Nṛitya is associated with the tale of Krishna dancing upon and subduing Kāliya. Legend The story of Krishna and Kāliya is told in the sixteenth chapter of the Tenth Canto of the '' Bhagavata Purana''. The proper home of Kāliya was the island of Ramaṇaka, but he had been driven away from there in fear of Garuḍa, the foe of all serpents. Garuḍa had been cursed by the yogi Saubhari dwelling at Vrindavan so that he could not come to Vrindavan without meeting his death. Therefore, Kāliya chose Vrindavan as his residence, knowing it was the only place where Garuḍa could not come. Once, the sage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gopi
Gopi (, ) or Gopika in Hinduism are commonly referred to the group of milkmaids of Braj. They are regarded as the consorts and devotees of Krishna and are venerated for their unconditional love and devotion (''Bhakti'') to him as described in ''Bhagavata Purana'' and other Puranic literature. Gopis are often considered as the expansion of Radha, the chief consort of Krishna. The Raslila of gopis with Krishna has inspired various traditional performance art forms and literatures. Gopi (, ) when used as a male name of Indian origin is a short form of the name Gopala Krishna, literally translates to "cow-protector Krishna" or "Krishna the cowherd". While traditionally used for both genders, it's more commonly used as a male name, especially within the Indian diaspora and communities. According to Indian philosopher Jiva Goswami, gopis are considered as the eternal beloved and manifestations of the internal spiritual potency of Krishna. Among the gopis, Radha is the chief gopi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishvarupa
Vishvarupa (), also spelt as Vishwaroopa and known as Virāḍrūpa, is an iconographical form and theophany of a Hindu deity, most commonly associated with Vishnu in contemporary Hinduism. Though there are multiple Vishvarupa theophanies, the most celebrated is in the ''Bhagavad Gita'', given by Krishna in the epic ''Mahabharata'', which was shown to Pandava prince Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra in the war between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Vishvarupa is considered the supreme form of Vishnu, where the whole universe is described as contained within him. Literary descriptions ''Bhagavad Gita'' In the climactic war in the ''Mahabharata'', the Pandava prince Arjuna and his brothers fight against their cousins, the Kauravas, with Krishna as Arjuna's charioteer. Faced with the moral dilemma of whether or not to fight against and kill his own family, Arjuna has a crisis of conscience. To appease him, Krishna discourses with Arjuna about life and death as wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yashoda
Yashoda (, ) is the foster-mother of Krishna and the wife of Nanda. She is described in the Puranic texts of Hinduism as the wife of Nanda, the chieftain of Gokul, and the sister of Rohini. According to the Bhagavata Purana, Krishna was born to Devaki, but Krishna's father, Vasudeva, brought the newborn Krishna to his cousin Nanda, and his wife, Yashoda, in Gokulam. This was for his upbringing, as well as to protect Krishna from Devaki's brother, Kamsa, the tyrannical king of Mathura. Etymology The name Yashoda means 'one who is giver (da, ) of fame or glory (Yash, )'. Legends Origin According to the ''Bhagavata Purana'', Yashoda was the incarnation of Dhara, the wife of the Vasu, Drona. Little is known about Yashoda's early life, other than her marriage to Nanda. Kamsa, the ruler of Mathura, had decided to kill Krishna as soon as he was born. In order to protect Krishna from Kamsa, Krishna and Yogamaya were born at the same time from the wombs of Devaki and Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinavarta
Trinavarta (, IAST: ) is an asura who is featured in Hindu literature, most prominently in the Bhagavata Purana. He is described to be a whirlwind asura dispatched by Kamsa to murder Krishna, but is slain by the deity instead. Legend Kamsa sent Trinavarta to kill his nephew. Assuming the form of a whirlwind, Trinavarta carried away the sitting Krishna. He enveloped the whole of Gokulam with a cloud of dust and darkness, the resultant cover of sand particles causing great distress to Yashoda, who attempted to find her son with the help of the gopis. Even as the asura carried the deity to the sky, Krishna caused himself to possess enormous weight, halting the asura in his ascent, who was unable to carry him further. The deity then proceeded to clasp his captor's throat with intense force, which paralysed him and pushed out his eye-sockets. The asura descended back to the region of Vraja, where he was crushed to death upon a rock. Nanda and the gopas discovered the infant dangling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Asuras
Asuras () are a class of beings or power-seeking clans, related to the more benevolent devas (also known as ''suras'') in Hinduism. Clans The two major clans of the Asuras are the Daityas and the Danavas. * Daitya - a clan of asuras born from the demonic Diti and Kashyapa. * Dānava - a clan of asuras born from the primordial sea Danu (Known as Dānaveghasā in Buddhism) and Kashyapa. * Rakshasa - a class of beings sometimes categorised as synonymous with asuras Legend * ॐ - mentioned in Hindu scriptures * ☸ - mentioned in Buddhist scriptures A * Āḍi ॐ * Aghāsura ॐ * Ahirāvaṇa - Described as a brother of Rāvaṇa in some versions of the Rāmāyaṇa ॐ * Akṣayakumāra - Son of Rāvaṇa ॐ * Alāmbāsa - A powerful asura mentioned in the Hindu epic Mahābhārata ॐ * Alambuṣa - A powerful asura from the Mahabharata ॐ * Alāyudha - A powerful asura from the Mahabharata ॐ * Andhaka ॐ * Anuhlāda - Son of Hiraṇyakaśipu ॐ * Apasmā ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putana
In Hinduism, Pūtanā () is a Rakshasa, rakshasi (demoness), who was killed by the infant-god Krishna. Putana disguises as a young, beautiful woman and tries to kill the god by breast-feeding poisoned milk; however Krishna sucks her milk as well as her life via her breasts. Putana is also considered as a foster-mother of Krishna as she breast-fed him. By offering her milk, Putana had performed "the supreme act of maternal devotion", in the shadow of her evil motives. The legend is told and retold in Hindu scriptures and some Indian books, which portray her variously as an evil hag or a demoness who surrendered herself to Krishna, though she initially came with evil motives. Putana is interpreted as an infantile disease or bird, symbolizing danger to an infant or desire respectively, and even as a symbolic bad mother. She is included in a group of malevolent Hindu mother goddesses called the Matrikas and also in the group of Yoginis and Grahinis (Seizers). Ancient Indian medical t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gokul
Gokul is a town in the Mathura district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located south-east of Mathura. History In the ''Viṣṇu Purāṇa'' and '' Bhāgavata Purāṇa'', the term "gokula" does not refer to any specific location, but rather simply a "cattle herd" or a temporary cowherd camp. According to the ''Bhāgavata Purāṇa'', Gokula is where Kr̥ṣṇa performed most of his childhood līlā. In pre-sixteenth century texts Mahāban and Gokul are identical, but starting in the late sixteenth century the two places became distinct. According to the vārtas of the Pushtimarg, in 1550 Vallabha arrived in Braj and unsuccessfully searched for Gokul and Mahāban, which were at the time considered lost/disappeared locations. There the goddess Jamna appeared before Vallabha and pointed out to him the lost site of Gokula next to a Chomkar/ Shami tree. Vallabha's son Viṭṭhalanātha set up his residence in Gokul, and expanded the town and establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yogamaya
Yogamaya (, ) is a Hinduism, Hindu goddess who serves as the personification of Vishnu's powers of illusion. In Vaishnavism, Vaishnava tradition, she is accorded the epithet Narayani—"the sister of Narayana (Vishnu)"—and is regarded as the benevolent aspect of the goddess Durga. According to Hindu texts, Yogamaya plays the role of the facilitator of the earthly birth of Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu. She took the avatar of the daughter of Yadava cowherd Nanda (Hinduism), Nanda and Yashoda, after which her place is swapped with Krishna to protect the latter from the tyrant ruler Kamsa. After warning Kamsa about his impending death, Yogamaya vanished and resided in the Vindhya Range, Vindhya hills, due to which she is accorded the epithet Vindhyavasini. Yogamaya is also an important goddess in Shaktism sect, and is worshipped as a form of Mahadevi. Etymology Yogamaya refers to “the internal potency of Vishnu, Bhagavan, that arranges and enhances all his pastimes� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
