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Rowland Institute For Science
The Rowland Institute at Harvard, formerly the Rowland Institute for Science, was founded by Edwin H. Land (founder of Polaroid Corporation) as a nonprofit, privately endowed basic research organization in 1980. The institute merged with Harvard University on July 1, 2002. The Rowland Institute is dedicated to experimental science across a wide range of disciplines. Research subjects at the institute includes chemistry, physics and biology, and focus on interdisciplinary work and the development of new experimental tools. It was originally located on the Charles River near Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a few miles away from the main campus of Harvard. In 2024, the institute moved to Harvard's main campus, to a newly renovated building at 60 Oxford Street, in shared space with the Harvard Quantum Initiative. Rowland Fellows The flagship program at the Rowland Institute is the Fellows Program. The program supports early career experimental scientists. Rowland Fellows ...
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the most populous city in the county, the List of municipalities in Massachusetts, fourth-largest in Massachusetts behind Boston, Worcester, Massachusetts, Worcester, and Springfield, Massachusetts, Springfield, and List of cities in New England by population, ninth-most populous in New England. The city was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England, which was an important center of the Puritans, Puritan theology that was embraced by the town's founders. Harvard University, an Ivy League university founded in Cambridge in 1636, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lesley University, and Hult Inte ...
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Donald A
Donald is a Scottish masculine given name. It is derived from the Goidelic languages, Gaelic name ''Dòmhnall''.. This comes from the Proto-Celtic language, Proto-Celtic *''Dumno-ualos'' ("world-ruler" or "world-wielder"). The final -''d'' in ''Donald'' is partly derived from a misinterpretation of the Gaelic pronunciation by English speakers. A short form of Donald is Don (given name), Don, and pet forms of Donald include Donnie and Donny. The feminine given name Donella (other) , Donella is derived from Donald. ''Donald'' has cognates in other Celtic languages: Irish language, Modern Irish ''Dónal'' (anglicised as ''Donal'' and ''Donall'');. Scottish Gaelic ''Dòmhnall'', ''Domhnull'' and ''Dòmhnull''; Welsh language, Welsh ''Dyfnwal (other), Dyfnwal'' and Cumbric ''Dumnagual''. Although the feminine given name ''Donna (given name), Donna'' is sometimes used as a feminine form of ''Donald'', the names are not etymologically related. Variations King ...
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Harvard University Research Institutes
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Its influence, wealth, and rankings have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Harvard was founded and authorized by the Massachusetts General Court, the governing legislature of colonial-era Massachusetts Bay Colony. While never formally affiliated with any denomination, Harvard trained Congregational clergy until its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized in the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite. Following the American Civil War, under Harvard president Charles William Eliot's long tenure from 1869 to 1909, Harvard developed multiple professional schools, which transformed ...
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Cynthia Friend
Cynthia Friend is an American chemist. She currently serves as president and chief operating officer of The Kavli Foundation. She is on leave from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University. Friend was the first female full professor of chemistry at Harvard, attaining the position in 1989. Friend has held the Theodore William Richards Chiar in Chemistry and served as professor of materials science in the Paulson School of Engineering. Education Friend graduated from the public Hastings High School in Nebraska in 1973. She received a Bachelor of Science with a major in chemistry from the University of California, Davis in 1977 and a Doctor of Philosophy in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981. Her doctoral advisor was Earl Muetterties. She pursued postdoctoral research for one year the Madix Group at the Department of Chemical Engineering of Stanford University. Career Cynthia Friend began her independent research career a ...
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Frans Spaepen
Frans is an Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish given name, sometimes as a short form of ''François'' or ''Franciscus''. One cognate of Frans in English is ''Francis''. Given name * Frans van Aarssens (1572–1641), Dutch diplomat and statesman * Frans Ackerman (1330–1387), Flemish statesman * Frans Adelaar (born 1960), Dutch football player and manager * Frans Alphons Maria Alting von Geusau (born 1933), Dutch legal scholar and diplomat * Frans Aerenhouts (1937–2022), Belgian cyclist * Frans Ananias (born 1972), Namibian footballer * Frans Andersson (1911–1988), Danish bass-baritone * Frans Andriessen (1929–2019), Dutch politician * Frans Anneessens (1660–1719), Flemish protest leader * Frans van Anraat (born 1942), Dutch businessman and convicted war criminal * Frans Badens (fl. 1571–1618), Flemish painter * Frans Bak (born 1958), Danish composer, choral conductor, saxophonist, and pianist * Frans Decker (1684–1751), 18th-cen ...
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Phil Dubois
Phillip Donn DuBois (born November 16, 1956) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins. He also played for the Washington Federals of the United States Football League.New York Times
– "Buddy Hardeman, a running back for the Washington Federals, was charged with assaulting a policeman during a squabble outside a capital nightspot. A teammate, Phil Dubois, a tight end, paid a $10 fine for disorderly conduct in the same incident." DuBois played at

Paul Horowitz
Paul Horowitz (born 1942) is an United States of America, American physicist and electrical engineering, electrical engineer, known primarily for his work in electronics design, as well as for his role in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (see SETI). Biography At age 8, Horowitz achieved distinction as the world's youngest amateur radio operator. He went on to study physics at Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, A.B., 1965; Master's degree, A.M., 1967; Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D., 1970), where he has also spent all of his subsequent career. His early work was on Scanning electron microscope, scanning microscopy (using both protons and X-rays). Horowitz has also conducted astrophysical research on pulsars and investigations in biophysics. His interest in practical electronics has led to a handful of inventions, including an automated voting machine and an acoustic mechanism for land mine, landmine detection, and an electronic Morse Code/Baudot code keyboard using a ...
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The Art Of Electronics
''The Art of Electronics'', by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, is a popular electronics design reference textbook dealing with analog electronics, analog and digital electronics. The third edition was published in 2015. The author accepts reports of errata and posts them, to be corrected in future revisions. Overview The book covers many areas of circuit design, from basic Direct current, DC voltage, Electric current, current, and Electrical resistance, resistance, to active filters and oscillators, to digital electronics, including microprocessors and Digital data, digital Bus (computing), bus interfacing. It also includes discussions of such often-neglected areas as high-frequency, high-speed design techniques and low-Electric power, power applications. The book includes many example circuits. In addition to having examples of effective practices in circuit design, the book also demonstrates and explains common pitfalls in circuit design. It can be described as a cross betwe ...
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Winfield Hill
Winfield Hill is the Director of the Electronics Engineering Laboratory at the Rowland Institute at Harvard University. A self-proclaimed "electronics circuit-design guru" and trained physicist and electronic engineer, he co-authored the popular text ''The Art of Electronics'' with Harvard Physicist Paul Horowitz. Engineering work by Hill in the late 1970s at Harvard led him to found the Sea Data Corporation, which designed instruments for deep-sea oceanography Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of to .... References #Winfield Hill's Electronics/Engineering Home Page External linksWinfield Hill The Rowland Institute at Harvard 21st-century American engineers Harvard University faculty Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (livin ...
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Bose–Einstein Condensate
In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low Density, densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero#Relation with Bose–Einstein condensate, absolute zero, i.e. . Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which microscopic Quantum mechanics, quantum-mechanical phenomena, particularly wave interference#Quantum interference, wavefunction interference, become apparent Macroscopic quantum phenomena, macroscopically. More generally, condensation refers to the appearance of macroscopic occupation of one or several states: for example, in BCS theory, a superconductor is a condensate of Cooper pairs. As such, condensation can be associated with phase transition, and the macroscopic occupation of the state is the order parameter. Bose–Einstein condensate was first predicted, generally, in 1924–1925 by Albert Einstein, credit ...
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Lene Hau
Lene Vestergaard Hau (; born November 13, 1959) is a Danish physicist and educator. She is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics at Harvard University. In 1999, she led a Harvard University team who, by use of a Bose–Einstein condensate, succeeded in slowing a beam of light to about 17 metres per second, and, in 2001, was able to stop a beam completely. Later work based on these experiments led to the transfer of light to matter, then from matter back into light, a process with important implications for quantum encryption and quantum computing. More recent work has involved research into novel interactions between ultracold atoms and nanoscopic-scale systems. In addition to teaching physics and applied physics, she has taught Energy Science at Harvard, involving photovoltaic cells, nuclear power, batteries, and photosynthesis. In addition to her own experiments and research, she is often invited to speak at international conferences, and is involv ...
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Whole Genome Sequencing
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full genome sequencing or just genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitochondrial DNA, mitochondria and, for plants, in the chloroplast. Whole genome sequencing has largely been used as a research tool, but was being introduced to clinics in 2014. In the future of personalized medicine, whole genome sequence data may be an important tool to guide therapeutic intervention. The tool of DNA sequencing, gene sequencing at Single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP level is also used to pinpoint functional variants from association studies and improve the knowledge available to researchers interested in evolutionary biology, and hence may lay the foundation for predicting disease susceptibility and drug response. Whole genome sequencing should not be confused with DNA ...
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