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Rospuda
The Rospuda () is a small river in north-eastern Poland. It flows through the Suwałki Region of Poland, including the north-western part of the large '' Augustów Primeval Forest'' wilderness area. Its continuation, the Netta, is a tributary of the Biebrza. Around 2006 the river was threatened by planned construction of the Augustów bypass expressway, which was to cut across the protected wilderness area in the valley. After an intense campaign of protests in Poland and abroad and also counter-protests of the local community, the plans have been changed, and now the highway has been rerouted to completely avoid the wilderness area. Geography Its usually quoted source is a combination of several streams, which rise on slopes of hills (Przejmowa Góra – 213.4m, Jastrzębia Góra – 230.8m, Słupowa Góra – 247.9 m, Lisia Góra – 259.5 m) southward of an old forest, Puszcza Romincka located southeast of Gołdap. The river proper rises from a lake called Jezioro Czarne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rospuda Valley, Poland
The Rospuda () is a small river in north-eastern Poland. It flows through the Suwałki Region of Poland, including the north-western part of the large ''Augustów Primeval Forest'' wilderness area. Its continuation, the Netta River, Netta, is a tributary of the Biebrza. Around 2006 the river was threatened by planned construction of the Augustów bypass (road), bypass Limited-access road, expressway, which was to cut across the protected wilderness area in the valley. After an intense campaign of protests in Poland and abroad and also counter-protests of the local community, the plans have been changed, and now the highway has been rerouted to completely avoid the wilderness area. Geography Its usually quoted source is a combination of several streams, which rise on slopes of hills (Przejmowa Góra – 213.4m, Jastrzębia Góra – 230.8m, Słupowa Góra – 247.9 m, Lisia Góra – 259.5 m) southward of an old forest, Puszcza Romincka located southeast of Gołdap. The river pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netta (river)
The Netta is a river in north-east Poland, a right tributary of the Biebrza, approximately long. It is a continuation of the Rospuda, which flows into Lake Rospuda (connected to Lake Necko) north of the town of Augustów. The Rospuda and Netta together have a length of and a watershed of . The Netta runs parallel to, or (on its upper and lower stretches) forms part of, the Augustów Canal, built in the 19th century to link the basins of the Vistula and the Neman River, Neman. It connects to the Vistula via the Biebrza, the Narew and the Bug River. The Netta's main tributaries are the Szczeberka, Kolniczanka, Olszanka and Turówka. The Netta begins its course in Augustów, where it flows out of Lake Necko and southwards through the town. At Białobrzegi, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Białobrzegi it joins the Turówka and continues southwards, flowing through the districts of Gmina Augustów and Gmina Sztabin. After joining the Olszanka it enters Biebrza National Park. Shortly before it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netta River
The Netta is a river in north-east Poland, a right tributary of the Biebrza, approximately long. It is a continuation of the Rospuda, which flows into Lake Rospuda (connected to Lake Necko) north of the town of Augustów. The Rospuda and Netta together have a length of and a watershed of . The Netta runs parallel to, or (on its upper and lower stretches) forms part of, the Augustów Canal, built in the 19th century to link the basins of the Vistula and the Neman. It connects to the Vistula via the Biebrza, the Narew and the Bug River. The Netta's main tributaries are the Szczeberka, Kolniczanka, Olszanka and Turówka. The Netta begins its course in Augustów, where it flows out of Lake Necko and southwards through the town. At Białobrzegi it joins the Turówka and continues southwards, flowing through the districts of Gmina Augustów and Gmina Sztabin. After joining the Olszanka it enters Biebrza National Park Biebrza National Park () is a national park in Podlaskie Voivodes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustów
Augustów is a town in north-eastern Poland. It lies on the Netta River and the Augustów Canal. It is the seat of Augustów County and of Gmina Augustów in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Augustów has an area of , and as of June 2022 it has a population of 29,305. In 1970, Augustów became officially recognized as a health and relaxation (psychology), relaxation resort. In 1973, surrounding settlements were named a part of it, forming a popular resort town. History A settlement in the area was first mentioned in 1496. Augustów was established around 1540 by Bona Sforza and granted Magdeburg rights in 1557 by Sigismund II Augustus, after whom it was also named. It was laid out in a very regular manner, with a spacious market-place. Until 1569 Augustów belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1569 it became part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, while its cemetery was left in the Grand Duchy, both countries formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a result of the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blizna (river)
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Blizna may refer to: * Blizna V-2 missile launch site, a World War II Nazi location * Blizna, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, a village in southeastern Poland * Blizna, Podlaskie Voivodeship, a village in northeastern Poland * ''Blizna'' (film), a 1976 Polish film named ''The Scar'' in English * Blizna (river), a tributary to Rospuda * Blizna, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a village near Rudo * Blizna Donja, a village near Marina, Croatia * Blizna Gornja, a village near Marina, Croatia * , a village in Podgorica Municipality Podgorica Capital City (Serbo-Croatian: Glavni grad Podgorica / Главни град Подгорица) is one of the territorial subdivisions of Montenegro. The seat of municipality is the city of Podgorica. Podgorica municipality covers 10.4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pac (family)
The House of Pac or Pacowie (, , ) was one of the most influential noble families in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Numerous high-ranking officials of the Commonwealth came from their ranks. Their coat of arms was Gozdawa. The family reached the height of its influence during the second half of the 17th century. Their lands were located mainly in Hrodna (, ) and Lida (). The family's ancestor Kimantas was mentioned in the privilege of 1388 issued by Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great as ''Kymunt''. The estate of the family in proximity of Grodno was mentioned in the road description, charted by the Teutonic Knights, as ''Kymundsdorf''. Kimantas and his son Daukša (Dowkszewicz) were among the signatories of the Union of Vilnius and Radom of 1401. Daukša's son Pacas Daukšaitis is considered the founder of the family; his descendants took his first name as their family name, beginning with his son Jerzy Pac (d. 1505/6). Their lands were concentrated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raczki, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Raczki is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Raczki. It lies approximately south-west of Suwałki and north of the regional capital Białystok. History Raczki was founded in the 16th century and was initially named ''Dowspuda Raczkowska'', however, the name was soon changed to Raczki after the local Raczkowicz noble family, owners of the territory. It was granted town rights in 1558 or earlier, as it was mentioned as a town in a document from 1558. In 1682 King John III Sobieski granted trade privileges, and in 1703 King Augustus II the Strong granted (confirmed) town rights. In 1748, Raczki was bought by the Pac family. The Pac family expanded the town, and the family's Gozdawa coat of arms remains the coat of arms of Gmina Raczki. In the Third Partition of Poland, in 1795, the town was annexed by Prussia, and in 1807 it passed to the newly formed Polish Duchy of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dowspuda
Dowspuda (; ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raczki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Raczki, south-west of Suwałki, and north of the regional capital Białystok. Etymology One of the proposed etymologies for the village'sname comes from the Jotvingian language "to press hard, apply much pressure". The territory where Dowspuda is and the nearby Dowspuda river flows used to belong to Yotvingia. History From the 15th century, Dowspuda was the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Prussia. From the 13th-14th centuries until 1795, the village belonged to Lithuania. Thereafter, it became part of New East Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807. Then, it was part of the Duchy of Warsaw from its creation in 1807 to its end in 1815, when it was replaced by Congress Poland. Scottish settlers Around 1815–1821, Ludwik Michał Pac invited about 500 people fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yotvingian Language
Sudovian (also known as Yotvingian, or Jatvingian) was a West Baltic language of Northeastern Europe. Sudovian was closely related to Old Prussian. It was formerly spoken southwest of the Neman river in what is now Lithuania, east of Galindia and in the north of Yotvingia, and by exiles in East Prussia. Name The language is referred to as Yotvingian, Jatvingian or Sudovian. Those names are derived from the southern- and northernmost tribes living in the area. When the Germans learnt the name "Sudovian" from the Prussians, they got to know the name of the northernmost tribe only, while Poles in the south met a tribe calling itself Yatvingian. Both Germans and Poles generalized the terms for all the Baltic inhabitants of the area. The territory they lived in is referred to as Sudovia underland Jotva ettwen Dainavia, or Pollexia. Classification Sudovian was an Indo-European language belonging to the Baltic branch. There are several proposals for the classification of the Sudovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania
Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian exclave, semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of , with a population of 2.89 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities include Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys. Lithuanians who are the titular nation and form the majority of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of Balts and speak Lithuanian language, Lithuanian. For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Balts, Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united for the first time by Mindaugas, who formed the Kingdom of Lithuania on 6 July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogs
A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main Wetland#Types, types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; alkaline mires are called fens. A bayhead is another type of bog found in the forest of the Gulf Coast states in the United States.Watson, Geraldine Ellis (2000) ''Big Thicket Plant Ecology: An Introduction'', Third Edition (Temple Big Thicket Series #5). University of North Texas Press. Denton, Texas. 152 pp. Texas Parks and Wildlife. Ecological Mapping Systems of Texas:West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall. Retrieved 7 July 2020 They are often covered in Ericaceae, heath or heather shrubs rooted in the sphagnum moss and peat. The gradual accumulation of decayed plant material in a bog functions as a carbon sink. Bogs occur where the water at the ground surface is acidic and low in nutrients. A bog usually is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwik Michał Pac
Count Ludwik Michał Pac (; ; 5 March or 19 May 1780 – 9 December 1835) was a France-born commander in the ''Grande Armée'', the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw and the Uprising of 1831. Depending on the source, he is called Lithuanian or Polish. He was one of the last representatives of the noble Pac family. Early life His parents were Michał Józef Pac and Ludwika Tyzenhauzówna. Ludwik Pac's parents married in 1775 in Utrecht and divorced in 1785. His mother remarried General Paweł Grabowski, who died in the Battle of Praga in 1794, while she died in 1791. In his youth, Ludwik Michał studied in France until the French Revolution and he then studied in the United Kingdom. From 1796, Ludwik Pac studied at the Vilnius University. Already as a teenager, he already appeared on the lists of the infantry regiments of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army. Józef Pac, who was Ludwik Pac's relative, died on 5 March 1796. So, Ludwik Pac inherited several estates, including that of D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
