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Romulus Zăroni
Romulus Zăroni or Zeroni (; 28 April 1906 – 23 October 1962) was an Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician and agronomist, who collaborated with Petru Groza in establishing the left-agrarian Ploughmen's Front, and served as Minister of Agriculture in 1945–1946. Generally associated with the ethnographic region known as Țara Hațegului, he was of peasant origins—during his political ascendancy, he presented himself as a destitute smallholder, but was in fact from a well-to-do family, and was himself a prosperous entrepreneur. Though enshrined in popular memory as a dimwitted blunderer, Zăroni had in fact taken an agricultural specialist's diploma in Weimar Germany, and was well-read; he was also noted as an amateur poet and author of political manifestos. Before consolidating his political partnership with Groza, he had carved out his own political path as a Romanian nationalism, Romanian nationalist and an advocate of prohibition. He had caucused with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Hudiță
Ioan Hudiță (August 1, 1896 – March 21, 1982) was a Romanian historian and politician. Born in Bogdănești, Baia County, he attended gymnasium at Fălticeni (1907–1911) and high school in Iași (1911–1914). He then entered Iași University, studying history and geography within the letters faculty, and in the law faculty. He earned two degrees: in law (1918) and in geography, letters and philosophy (1919). From 1919 to 1921, he taught at Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu High School in Chișinău. In 1927, he obtained a doctorate from the University of Paris, with a thesis about 17th-century relations between France and the Principality of Transylvania. He was associate professor of diplomatic history at Iași University from 1928 to 1935, as well as teaching at the Military High School. From 1935 to 1938, he was associate professor at the Academy of Higher-level Commercial and Industrial Studies in Bucharest. Teaching diplomatic history, he held a similar rank in the Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weimar Germany
The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic. The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. The Weimar Republic had a semi-presidential system. Toward the end of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and suing for peace, sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a German Revolution of 1918–1919, revolution, Abdication of Wilhelm II, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918, and formal cessa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Romania
The prime minister of Romania (), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (), is the head of the Government of Romania, Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled ''President of the Council of Ministers'' (), when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called the ''Council of Ministers'' (). The title was officially changed to ''Prime Minister'' by the 1965 Constitution of Romania during the Socialist Republic of Romania, communist regime. Nomination One of the roles of the president of the republic is to designate a candidate for the office of prime minister. The president must consult with the party that has the majority in the Parliament or, if no such majority exists, with the parties represented in Parliament. Once designated, the candidate assembles a proposal for the governing program and the cabinet. The proposal must be approved by the Parliament within ten days through a motion of no confidence. Both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reform In Romania
Four major land reforms have taken place in Romania: in 1864, 1921, 1945 and 1991. The first sought to undo the feudal structure that had persisted after the unification of the Danubian Principalities in 1859; the second, more drastic reform, tried to resolve lingering peasant discontent and create social harmony after the upheaval of World War I and extensive territorial expansion; the third, imposed by a mainly Communist government, did away with the remaining influence of the landed aristocracy but was itself soon undone by collectivisation (considered by some as yet another land reform), which the fourth then unravelled, leading to almost universal private ownership of land today. 1864 reform The 1864 land reform was the first of its kind in Romania, taking place during the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza. It came on the heels of the secularization of monastery estates, achieved in December 1863 on Mihail Kogălniceanu's initiative and taking over a quarter of the country's area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rădescu Cabinet
The cabinet of Nicolae Rădescu was the government of Romania from 6 December 1944 to 28 February 1945. It was the last non-Communist government of Romania until the Romanian Revolution. Ministers The ministers of the cabinet were as follows:Stelian Neagoe - "Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi - 1859 până în zilele noastre - 1995" (Ed. Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995) *President of the Council of Ministers: :*Gen. Nicolae Rădescu (6 December 1944 - 28 February 1945) *Vice President of the Council of Ministers: :*Petru Groza (6 December 1944 - 28 February 1945) *Minister of Internal Affairs: :*(interim) Gen. Nicolae Rădescu (6 - 14 December 1944) :*Gen. Nicolae Rădescu (14 December 1944 - 28 February 1945) *Minister of Foreign Affairs: :* Constantin Vișoianu (6 December 1944 - 28 February 1945) *Minister of Finance: :* Mihail Romniceanu (6 December 1944 - 28 February 1945) *Minister of Justice: :*Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (6 December 1944 - 28 February 1945) *Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sănătescu Cabinet
The second cabinet of Constantin Sănătescu was the government of Romania from 4 November to 5 December 1944. Ministers The ministers of the cabinet were as follows: *President of the Council of Ministers: :*Gen. Constantin Sănătescu (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Vice President of the Council of Ministers: :*Petru Groza (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of Internal Affairs: :*Nicolae Penescu (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of Foreign Affairs: :* Constantin Vișoianu (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of Finance: :* Mihail Romniceanu (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of Justice: :*Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of National Education: :*Ștefan Voitec (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of Religious Affairs and the Arts: :* Ghiță Pop (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of War: :*(interim) Gen. Constantin Sănătescu (4 November - 5 December 1944) *Minister of War Production: :* Constantin C. (Bebe) Bră ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Romanian Coup D'état
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa. ** Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat. * January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces. * January 11 ** United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address. ** The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland. * January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech. * Janua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Resistance Movement During World War II
The Romanian resistance movement during World War II () was a part of the anti-Axis resistance during World War II. This movement included both armed and unarmed actions by various resistance groups determined to overthrow the dictatorship of Ion Antonescu, which was allied with Nazi Germany, and to expel the Wehrmacht troops from the Kingdom of Romania. In Northern Transylvania, which was controlled by Nazi-aligned Hungary from 1940 to 1944, the resistance movement also sought the region's reintegration into Romania. Unlike other countries under Nazi occupation, no extensive partisan movement developed in the country. The movement comprised several factions, including a predominantly political faction led by the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ), more militant groups influenced by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), and various militaries and civilians without specific party affiliations. The PNȚ faction, which also received support from the National Liberal Party leadership, avoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Socialist Party (Romania)
The United Socialist Party (, abbreviated P.S.U.) was a political party in Romania, formed in 1933 through the merger of the Independent Socialist Party (PSI) and the Socialist Party (led by Constantin Popovici). PSU was a small party but played an important role within the left-wing movement, especially through its repeated attempts to promote unity between the Communist Party (PCR) and (PSD). PSU was affiliated with the London-based International Bureau of Revolutionary Socialist Unity. Towards the merger of Popovici and the Independent Socialists The Socialist Party of Popovici held its party congress 11–12 March 1933. The final declaration of the congress called for working towards socialist unity on the basis of class struggle, and appealed for the formation of a 'Federation of the Social and Independent Socialist Parties' as an intermediary step towards merger of the two parties. After the Socialist Party congress, a meeting was held at the PSI headquarters at which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian People's Union
The Hungarian People's Union (, MNSZ; , UPM) was a left-wing political party active in Romania between 1934 and 1953 that claimed to represent the Hungarian minority in Romania, Hungarian community. Until 1944, it was called the Union of Hungarian Workers of Romania ( or , generally known under its Hungarian-language acronym MADOSZ). Establishment In September 1932, a faction of the Magyar Party (Romania), Magyar Party created a dissident movement around the weekly Cluj-Napoca, Cluj publication ''Falvak Népe'' ("Lumea satelor" or "The World of the Villages"). In June 1933, this movement coalesced into the Magyar Opposition (''Opoziţia Maghiară''), whose leadership included members of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). The Opposition's local committees and the initiative committees of the Hungarian populace, organised around the Cluj magazine ''Népakarat'' ("Voinţa poporului" or "The Will of the People") starting in September 1933, turned into committees of the new, legal orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania () was a constitutional monarchy that existed from with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania, Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I of Romania, Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Romanian People's Republic. From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two Principality, principalities: (Moldavia and Wallachia) called the Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia also known as "The Little Union" under a single prince to an autonomous principality with a House of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern monarchy. The country gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War (known locally as the Romanian War of Independence), after which it was forced to cede the southern part of Bessarabia in exchange for Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression In Romania
The Great Depression ( or, rarely, ) of 1929–1933, which affected the whole world, had several consequences in the Kingdom of Romania. Romania had been among the winner countries of World War I. It received several new territories (Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania), with many natural resources. However, the war caused heavy human and economic losses to the country. Romania had to fight inflation and the non-convertibility of its currency, the Romanian leu (lei in plural). Romania then had a fundamentally agrarian economy, with agriculture accounting for 63.2% of the national Production (economics), production. The Great Depression affected Romania in several ways. For example, in 1933, the net national income was of 172,614,000,000 lei, only 62% of that of 1929, which was of 275,180,000,000 lei. To fight the economic crisis, the National Bank of Romania carried out various measures and the country took various loans. Help was also called upon from French Third Republic, Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
