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Romania–Switzerland Relations
Romania–Switzerland relations are the foreign relations between Romania and Switzerland. The diplomatic relations between both countries were established in 1911, first at legacy level and subsequently raised to embassy level on 24 December 1962. Romania has an embassy in Bern and two consulates in Geneva and Zürich, while Switzerland has an embassy in Bucharest. The Romanian embassy at Bern was once seized in 1955 by a group of five Romanian emigrants. This event is known in Romania as the "Bern incident". Since the 1990s, Switzerland has helped Romania financially, for a total sum of 140 million Swiss francs between 1996 and 2006, and an additional 23 million francs in 2006−2007. Switzerland has become the 12th largest foreign investor in Romania. In 2005, Romania exported goods to Switzerland for a total of 206 million Swiss francs, with Switzerland exporting for 547 million Swiss francs to Romania, making Romania the biggest partner of Switzerland in Southeastern Europe. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateral Relation
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Franc
The Swiss franc, or simply the franc, is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the federal mint Swissmint issues coins. It is also designated through currency signs ''Fr.'' (in German language), ''fr.'' (in French language, French, Italian language, Italian, Romansh languages), as well as in any other language, or internationally as ''CHF'' which stands for Franc. This acronym also serves as the ISO 4217 currency code, used by banks and financial institutions. The smaller denomination, a hundredth of a franc, is a (Rp.) in German, (c.) in French, (ct.) in Italian, and (rp.) in Romansh. The official symbols ''Fr.'' (German symbol) and ''fr.'' (Latin languages) are widely used by businesses and advertisers, also for the English language. According to ''Art. 1 SR/RS 941.101'' of the federal law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania–Switzerland Relations
Romania–Switzerland relations are the foreign relations between Romania and Switzerland. The diplomatic relations between both countries were established in 1911, first at legacy level and subsequently raised to embassy level on 24 December 1962. Romania has an embassy in Bern and two consulates in Geneva and Zürich, while Switzerland has an embassy in Bucharest. The Romanian embassy at Bern was once seized in 1955 by a group of five Romanian emigrants. This event is known in Romania as the "Bern incident". Since the 1990s, Switzerland has helped Romania financially, for a total sum of 140 million Swiss francs between 1996 and 2006, and an additional 23 million francs in 2006−2007. Switzerland has become the 12th largest foreign investor in Romania. In 2005, Romania exported goods to Switzerland for a total of 206 million Swiss francs, with Switzerland exporting for 547 million Swiss francs to Romania, making Romania the biggest partner of Switzerland in Southeastern Europe. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland–European Union Relations
Switzerland is not a member state of the European Union (EU). It is associated with the Union through a series of bilateral treaties in which Switzerland has adopted various provisions of European Union law in order to participate in the Union's single market, without joining as a member state. Among Switzerland's neighbouring countries, all but one (the microstate Liechtenstein) are EU member states. Trade The European Union is Switzerland's largest trading partner, and Switzerland is the EU's fourth largest trading partner, after the United Kingdom, United States and China. Export of goods from Switzerland accounts for 5.2% of the EU's imports; mainly chemicals, medicinal products, machinery, instruments and time pieces. In terms of services, the EU's exports to Switzerland amounted to €67.0 billion in 2008 while imports from Switzerland stood at €47.2 billion. Treaties Switzerland signed a free-trade agreement with the then European Economic Community in 1972, which en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of Switzerland
The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Some international relations of Switzerland are handled by other departments of the federal administration of Switzerland. History Article 54 of the Swiss Constitution of 1999 declares the safeguarding of Switzerland's independence and welfare as the principal objective of Swiss foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution specifies these foreign policy objectives: *alleviate need and poverty in the world; *promote respect for human rights and democracy; *promote the peaceful coexistence of peoples; *promote preservation of natural resources. These objectives reflect the Swiss moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Swiss bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of Romania
The foreign relations of Romania is the policy arm of the government of Romania which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens, and foreign organizations, as well as its status as a member of the European Union (EU), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and other key international organizations. Since the end of the Cold War and the 1989 Romanian Revolution, Romania has pursued a foreign policy centered on Euro-Atlantic integration, joining NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Prioritizing multilateralism, collective security, and democratic values, Romania maintains active diplomatic relations with neighboring states, including Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, and Bulgaria, while fostering regional cooperation through initiatives such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and the Three Seas Initiative. Romania is classified by scholars and international relations experts as a middle power, a designation reflecting its moderate but influential role in i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christoph Blocher
Christoph Wolfram Blocher (; born 11 October 1940) is a Swiss industrialist and politician who served as a List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2004 to 2007. A member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), he headed the Federal Department of Justice and Police. As an industrialist, he became wealthy as Chief executive officer, CEO and majority shareholder in the EMS-Chemie corporation, now run by his daughter, Magdalena Martullo-Blocher. A controversial figure, Blocher is known for his role in transforming Politics of Switzerland, Swiss politics, shifting it to the Right-wing politics, right, as well as the Swiss People's Party, which has become "the dominant force in national politics". As he "developed a Euroscepticism, eurosceptic and Opposition to immigration, anti-immigration agenda that has shaken up the cozy post-war consensual system prevailing in neutral Switzerland", Blocher served as the ''de facto'' leader of the SVP an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Department Of Justice And Police
The Federal Department of Justice and Police (, , , ) is one of the seven Ministry (government department), departments of the Switzerland, Swiss federal government, and is equivalent to a ministry of justice in other countries. As of 2024, it is headed by Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Councillor Beat Jans. Until 1979, the department was known as the Department of Justice and Police. Organisation The department is composed of the following offices and institutes: * General Secretariat (GS-FDJP) ** IT Service Centre (ISC-FDJP) ** Post and Telecommunications Surveillance Service (PTSS) * Federal Offices ** State Secretariat for Migration (SEM): Responsible for matters relating to foreign nationals and asylum seekers. ** Federal Office of Justice (FOI): Responsible for providing legal advice to the administration, preparing general legislation, supervising government registers and collaborating on international judicial assistance. ** Federal Office of Police (fedpol): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mediafax
Mediafax () is a Romanian media company headquartered in Bucharest and founded in 1991 as the first undertaking of the MediaPro Group. Its lines of business include news, photography, and business information services. The company's ''Mediafax Business Information'' services, launched in 1994, include a variety of business news and data, such as currency market, business opportunities, calls for tender, statistics and company data. See also *BBC * CNN *ITN Independent Television News (ITN) is a UK-based media production and broadcast journalism company. ITN is based in London, with bureaux and offices in Beijing, Brussels, Jerusalem, Johannesburg, New York City, New York, Paris, Sydney and Washin ... References External links Mediafax official site {{media-company-stub Companies based in Bucharest Mass media companies established in 1991 Photography in Romania News agencies based in Romania 1991 establishments in Romania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of . Bucharest is the country's Bucharest metropolitan area, largest urban area and Economy of Romania, financial centre. Other major urban centers, urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timiș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1955 Seizure Of The Romanian Embassy In Bern
The 1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, also known in Romania as the Bern incident (), was the brief seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Switzerland, by a group of Romanian émigrés who opposed the then-ruling communist regime between 14 and 16 February 1955. Events The attack was planned and led by Oliviu Beldeanu, a sculptor born in 1924 in Dej. At the age of 15 he became a member of ''Frunză Verde'' ("Green Leaf"), a youth organisation associated with the fascist Iron Guard, and after the end of World War II he joined the anti-communist resistance movement. In 1949, he fled to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, only to return a few months later, allegedly as an agent of the UDBA. In 1951, Beldeanu arrived in Italy; he later settled in Konstanz, West Germany. In 1954, Beldeanu began preparing the assault on the Romanian embassy: he travelled several times to Switzerland, acquired the needed weapons and tools, and held training sessions with the othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
