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Roman Catholic Diocese Of Shanghai
The Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in the municipality of Shanghai, China. Pope Pius XI issued a decree ''Omnia Quæ Catholicæ'' as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai on 25 April 1933. Pope Pius XII raised the vicariate to the rank of diocese via his Pontifical decree ''Quotidie Nos'' on 11 April 1946. The same Pontiff later decreed an office for the Apostolic Nunciature via the decree ''Per Multas Gravesque'' on 6 July 1946. Today, the diocese is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Nanking. Churches The diocese's mother church and thus seat of its bishop is Saint Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan. Bishops In 1950, Pope Pius XII appointed the Bishop of Suzhou, Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei, bishop of Shanghai. In 1955, he was arrested and given a life sentence in 1960. In the same year, the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CPCA) appointed Aloysius Zhang Jiashu, S.J. as Bishop of Shanghai to replace Kung, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Nanjing
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nanjing/Nanking () is a Roman Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church in China. History It was erected as the Apostolic Vicariate of Nanjing in 1659 by Pope Alexander VII, and promoted to a diocese by Pope Alexander VIII on April 10, 1690. On 15 October 1696, its territory was reduced by Pope Innocent XII to two provinces: Jiangnan (the present day provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shanghai) and Ho-nan (Henan province). The diocese was demoted to the Apostolic Vicariate of Kiangnan on January 21, 1856 by Pope Pius IX, and its name was later changed to the Apostolic Vicariate of Kiangsu on August 8, 1921 and to the Vicariate Apostolic of Nanjing on May 1, 1922. Pope Pius XII elevated it on April 11, 1946 to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese, with the suffragan sees of Haimen, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Xuzhou. The archdiocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its archbishop is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception also known as the Shigu Roa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basilica
In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica (Greek Basiliké) was a large public building with multiple functions that was typically built alongside the town's forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. The building gave its name to the ''basilica'' architectural form. Originally, a basilica was an ancient Roman public building, where courts were held, as well as serving other official and public functions. Basilicas are typically rectangular buildings with a central nave flanked by two or more longitudinal aisles, with the roof at two levels, being higher in the centre over the nave to admit a clerestory and lower over the side-aisles. An apse at one end, or less frequently at both ends or on the side, usually contained the raised tribunal occupied by the Roman magistrates. The basilica was centrally located in every Roman town, usually adjacent to the forum and often opposite a temple in imperial-era forums. Basilicas were also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underground Church
The term underground church () is used to refer to Chinese Catholic churches in the People's Republic of China which have chosen not to associate with the state-sanctioned Catholic Patriotic Association; they are also called loyal church (). "Underground" does not mean the underground church is secret (the community mostly operates openly) but refers to its lack of official approval and lack of official support. Underground churches came into existence in the 1950s, after the Chinese Communist Party's proclamation of the People's Republic of China, due to the severing of ties between Chinese Catholics and the Holy See. There continues to be tensions between underground churches and "open churches" which have joined the state-sanctioned Catholic Patriotic Association (). Terminology The description of an "underground church" reflects language that was made popular during the Cold War, when these churches came about. Underground churches are also sometimes referred to as "Vatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Fan Zhongliang
Joseph Fan Zhongliang S.J. (; 18 December 1918 – 16 March 2014), also known as Josephus Vei Zong Leong, was a Chinese Roman Catholic bishop in the Diocese of Shanghai in China. Life Fan was baptised aged 14. He joined the Jesuits in 1938 and became a priest in 1951. He was arrested together with Bishop Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei of Shanghai and other priests in 1955. He was convicted of counter-revolutionary activities and sentenced to 20 years in jail in 1958 and sent to a work camp in Qinghai Province. After his release in 1978, he taught at a high school in Qinghai. The Bishop of Qinghai ordained him Coadjutor Bishop of Shanghai on 27 February 1985, while the Bishop was in jail. Security police arrested him again on numerous occasions, and ransacked his flat. In 1992, the accounts of the entire Shanghai underground church were closed down, along with many of the Bishop's personal accounts, including the bishopric. Formally, Cardinal Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei was the leader of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of the apostolic see, apostolic episcopal see of Diocese of Rome, Rome, and serves as the spiritual and administrative authority of the worldwide Catholic Church and Vatican City. Under international law, the Legal status of the Holy See, Holy See holds the status of a sovereign juridical entity. According to Sacred tradition, Catholic tradition and historical records, the Holy See was founded in the first century by Saint Peter and Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul. By virtue of the doctrines of Primacy of Peter, Petrine and papal primacy, papal primacy, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholics around the world. The Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over Vatican City, an independent c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal In Pectore
(Latin for 'in the breast/heart') is a term used in the Catholic Church for an action, decision, or document which is meant to be kept secret. It is most often used when there is a papal appointment to the College of Cardinals without a public announcement; the pope keeps the name of that cardinal to himself. The Italian-language version of the phraseis sometimes used. When the name of a new cardinal is announced or made public, it is sometimes said to be ''published''. Since the practice arose in the 16th century its use has varied greatly. Some popes have used it rarely or not at all, while others have used it regularly. In the first half of the 19th century, Pope Gregory XVI appointed half of his 75 cardinals and left several unidentified at his death. Background Since the 15th century, popes have made appointments to manage complex relations among factions within the Church, when publication of a new cardinal's name might provoke persecution of the individual or of a Chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aloysius Jin Luxian
Aloysius Jin Luxian, SJ (; June 20, 1916 – April 27, 2013) was a Chinese Catholic Church, Catholic prelate who served as Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai, Bishop of Shanghai. Biography Bishop Aloysius Jin was born in Shanghai into a family that had been Catholic for generations. He was orphaned as a youth, losing his mother when he was 10 and his father when he was 14. He attended Catholic schools and in 1938, at the age of 22, he entered the Society of Jesus, subsequently being ordained in 1946. He studied in France, Germany and Italy, before returning to China in 1951. He was arrested with his bishop and dozens of clergy and laity in 1955, during major crackdown against the “counterrevolutionary clique” of Ignatius Kung Pin-mei of Shanghai. Shortly after his arrest, he began to cooperate with the Government of China, Chinese government. He was subsequently released from prison in 1982 and became the founding rector of the Sheshan Hill, Sheshan Major Seminary, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valid But Illicit
Validity and liceity are concepts in the Catholic Church. Validity designates an action which produces the effects intended; an action which does not produce the effects intended is considered "invalid". Liceity designates an action which has been performed legitimately; an action which has not been performed legitimately is considered "illicit". Some actions can be illicit, but still be valid. Catholic canon law also lays down rules for ''licit'', also called ''lawful'', placing of the act, along with criteria to determine its validity or invalidity. Valid but illicit or valid but illegal () is a description applied in the Catholic Church to describe either an unauthorized celebration of a sacrament or an improperly placed juridic act that nevertheless has effect. Validity is presumed whenever an act is performed by a qualified person and includes those things which essentially constitute the act itself as well as the formalities and requirements imposed by law for the validity o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest religious order in the Catholic Church and has played significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts and global policies. The Society of Jesus is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a superior general. The headquarters of the society, its general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aloysius Zhang Jiashu
Louis Zhang Jiashu, born Zhang Duanliu (), with courtesy name Tinggui (). Also known as Aloysius. (30 June 189325 February 1988) was a Chinese Jesuit priest. A founding member of the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association (CCPA) in 1957, Zhang was elected and consecrated as the Bishop of Shanghai in 1960 without Vatican approval. He then suffered persecution during the Cultural Revolution, but resumed his position after the movement and became a political figure in his final years. Born and raised in Shanghai, Zhang completed his Jesuit formation in Europe and returned to China in 1925. After the 1955 arrest of Bishop Ignatius Kung Pin-mei, Zhang supported the Chinese Communist Party and the self-election, self-consecration practice, in which diocesan priests elect their own bishops, and eventually became bishop in the same manner. After the Cultural Revolution, he became a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress, and a member of the Standing Committee of the 5th and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association
The Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association (CCPA) is the national organization for Catholicism in the People's Republic of China. It was established in 1957 after a group of Chinese Catholics met in Beijing with officials from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Religious Affairs Bureau. It is the main organizational body of Catholics in China officially sanctioned by the Chinese government. The organization is not recognized by the worldwide Catholic Church. The organization is controlled by the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the UFWD in 2018. History After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party sought for ways to bring religions in alignment with its ideology. While all religions were seen as superstitious, Christianity had the added challenge of being foreign. Efforts were made by Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei
Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei (; 2 August 1901 – 12 March 2000) was a Chinese Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Shanghai from 1950 until his death in 2000. He spent 30 years in prison for defying attempts by China's Communist Party to control Catholics in the country through the government-approved Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association. At the time of his death in exile in the United States, he was the oldest member of the College of Cardinals, to which he was secretly appointed by Pope John Paul II in 1979. Biography Kung was born in 1901 into a Shanghai family with Catholic roots spreading back at least five generations. He would become a priest in 1930, Bishop of Souchou in October 1949 just after Mao Zedong drove Chiang Kai-Shek to Taiwan, and Archbishop of Shanghai on 15 July, 1950. As Archbishop during the first half of the 1950s, Kung alongside Guangzhou's Dominic Deng Yiming refused to renounce the Vatican despite the demands of and threats by Mao, to who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
