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Robin Holmes
Robin Holmes was the plaintiff in an 1852 court case to free his enslaved children in the Oregon Territory. Life Robin Holmes was born enslaved in Virginia in 1810. He stated that he and his wife, Polly, had been enslaved by US Army Major in Missouri for twelve years before they were seized to pay the major's debts. Politician and landowner Nathaniel Ford claimed the Holmes as his own, though Holmes would later dispute the legality of the sale. In 1843, Ford, who was 2400 dollars in debt, mortgaged Robin and Polly Holmes and five of their six children. He regained ownership of Robin Holmes, Polly Holmes, and two of their children. The others- William, Eliza, and Clarisa- he either lost permanently or sold. Based on dates recorded by the Fords, Eliza, the oldest of the three, would have been twelve years old. On May 14, 1844, the Ford and Holmes families set out for the Oregon Territory. Ford's descendants claimed that Ford was reluctant to bring Robin Holmes along, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the United States, Union as the Oregon, State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Territorio de Nutca (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British North America, British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington (state), Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, Oregon, Oregon City, then Salem, Oregon, Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, Oregon, Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union. Background Originally inhabited by Native Americans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery In The United States
The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of List of ethnic groups of Africa, Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the Southern United States, South. Slavery was established throughout European colonization in the Americas. From 1526, during the early Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, colonial period, it was practiced in what became British America, Britain's colonies, including the Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States. Under the law, an enslaved person was treated as property that could be bought, sold, or given away. Slavery lasted in about half of U.S. states until Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolition in 1865, and issues concerning slavery seeped into every aspect of national politics, economics, and social custom. In the decades after the end of Reconstruction era, Recons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nathaniel Ford
Nathaniel Ford (c. 1795 – January 9, 1870) was an American politician and Oregon pioneer during the time of the Oregon Territory. A native of Missouri, he worked as a sheriff in that state before moving to the Oregon Country where he was selected as judge in the Provisional Government of Oregon and served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature. Ford also lost a civil case that freed his slaves who he had brought across the Oregon Trail from Missouri. Early life Nathaniel "Nat" Ford grew up in Missouri. Born around 1795,Bancroft, Hubert HoweBancroft's Works Volume XXIX.Oregon Biographical Sketches. Retrieved on February 26, 2008. Ford worked in Missouri at a number of different occupations. Churches of Christ & Christian Churches in the Pacific Northwest. Retrieved on February 26, 2008. He was a county sheriff, school teacher, surveyor, and a flatboatman. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake
Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake was an American slave involved in the ''Holmes v. Ford'' case, from which she gained her freedom in 1853. Early life Mary Jane Holmes was born in Missouri on November 29, 1841, to Robin and Polly Holmes, along with five other siblings (Eliza, Clarisa, William, James, and Roxanna). The Holmes family was enslaved to farmer Nathaniel Ford, who received them while in office as sheriff of Howard County in Missouri. Trial In 1844, Ford moved both his and the Holmes family, including Robin, Polly, the three-year-old Mary Jane, and the younger James and Roxanna, to Oregon, despite the territorial ban on slavery, promising to free them once their affairs were settled. Unfortunately, Ford refused to free the Holmeses for five years, even after his farm was established. After that, Ford did not free the entire family. According to Ford's account, Holmes agreed to work for his son for a year, and upon his return, would free him, Polly, and their infant son. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holmes V
Holmes may refer to: People and fictional characters * Holmes (surname), a list of people and fictional characters ** Sherlock Holmes, a fictional detective * Holmes (given name), a list of people * Gordon Holmes, a penname used by Louis Tracy (1863–1928), British journalist and fiction writer Places In the United States * Holmes, California, an unincorporated community * Holmes, Iowa, an unincorporated community * Holmes, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Holmes, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * Holmes, a hamlet within Pawling (town), New York * Holmes Township, Michigan * Holmes City Township, Minnesota * Holmes Township, Crawford County, Ohio * Holmes County, Florida * Holmes County, Mississippi * Holmes County, Ohio * Mount Holmes, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming * Fort Holmes, Mackinac Island, Michigan * Holmes Island (Indiana), an island and community * Holmes Island (Washington), an island * Holmes Reservation, a conservation parcel in Ply ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oregon Supreme Court
The Oregon Supreme Court (OSC) is the highest State court (United States), state court in the U.S. state of Oregon. The only court that may reverse or modify a decision of the Oregon Supreme Court is the Supreme Court of the United States.An Introduction to the Courts of Oregon. Oregon Judicial Department. Retrieved on June 11, 2008. The OSC holds court at the Oregon Supreme Court Building in Salem, Oregon, near the Oregon State Capitol, capitol building on State Street. The building was finished in 1914 and also houses the state's law library, while the courtroom is also used by the Oregon Court of Appeals. Tracing its heritage to 1841 when Oregon pioneers selected a Supreme Judge with probate powers, the court has grown from a single judge to its current make up of seven justices. Justices of the cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century American People
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems and confirm ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Death Missing
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century American Slaves
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African-American History Of Oregon
African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. African Americans constitute the second largest ethno-racial group in the U.S. after White Americans. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of Africans enslaved in the United States. In 2023, an estimated 48.3 million people self-identified as Black, making up 14.4% of the country’s population. This marks a 33% increase since 2000, when there were 36.2 million Black people living in the U.S. African-American history began in the 16th century, with Africans being sold to European slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to the Western Hemisphere. They were sold as slaves to European colonists and put to work on plantations, particularly in the southern colonies. A few were able to achieve freedom through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oregon Pioneers
Oregon ( , ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The 42° north parallel delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. The western boundary is formed by the Pacific Ocean. Oregon has been home to many indigenous nations for thousands of years. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early to mid-16th century. As early as 1564, the Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. In 1592, Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as the strait now bearing his name. The L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
