|
Robert O. Paxton
Robert Owen Paxton (born June 15, 1932) is an American political scientist and historian specializing in Vichy France, fascism, and Europe during the World War II era. He is Mellon Professor Emeritus of Social Science in the Department of History at Columbia University. He is best known for his 1972 book ''Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order'', which precipitated intense debate in France, and led to a paradigm shift in how the events of the Vichy regime are interpreted. Early life and education Robert Owen Paxton was born on June 15, 1932, in Lexington, Virginia. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire for his secondary education. After Exeter, he received a B.A. from Washington and Lee University in 1954. Later, he won a Rhodes Scholarship and spent two years earning an M.A. at Merton College, Oxford, where he studied under historians including James Joll and John Roberts. He earned a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1963. Career Paxton taught at the Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexington, Virginia
Lexington is an Independent city (United States)#Virginia, independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 7,320. It is the county seat of Rockbridge County, Virginia, Rockbridge County, although the two are separate jurisdictions, and is combined with it for statistical purposes by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Lexington is within the Shenandoah Valley about east of the West Virginia border and is about north of Roanoke, Virginia. First settled in 1778, Lexington is best known as the home of the Virginia Military Institute and Washington and Lee University. History Lexington was named in 1778. It was the first of what would be many American places named after Lexington, Massachusetts, known for being the place at which the Shot heard round the world, first shot was fired in the American Revolutionary War, American Revolution. The Union Army, Union General David Hunter led a raid on Virginia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professor Emeritus
''Emeritus/Emerita'' () is an honorary title granted to someone who retirement, retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus". In some cases, the term is conferred automatically upon all persons who retire at a given rank, but in others, it remains a mark of distinguished performance (usually in the area of research) awarded selectively on retirement. It is also used when a person of distinction in a profession retires or hands over the position, enabling their former rank to be retained in their title. The term ''emeritus'' does not necessarily signify that a person has relinquished all the duties of their former position, and they may continue to exercise some of them. In descriptions of deceased professors emeriti listed at U.S. universities, the title ''emeritus'' is replaced by an indication of the years of their appointments, except in Obituary, obituaries, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaullism
Gaullism ( ) is a Politics of France, French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader Charles de Gaulle, who would become the founding President of France, President of the Fifth French Republic. De Gaulle French withdrawal from NATO command, withdrew French forces from the Structure of NATO, NATO Command Structure, forced the removal of allied (United States, US) military bases from France, as well as initiated Force de dissuasion, France's own independent nuclear deterrent programme. His actions were predicated on the view that France would not be subordinate to other nations. According to Serge Berstein, Gaullism is "neither a doctrine nor a political ideology" and cannot be considered either Left-wing politics, left or Right-wing politics, right. Rather, "considering its historical progression, it is a Pragmatism, pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity, eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marc Ferro
Marc Ferro (; 24 December 1924 – 21 April 2021) was a French historian. Author of several books, including '' The Use and Abuse of History''. Life and career Marc Ferro was born in Paris to a Greek-Italian father and a Russian-born Jewish mother (née Firdmann (Oudia)), who died in Auschwitz in June 1943. Ferro worked on early twentieth-century European history, specialising in the history of Russia and the USSR, as well as the history of cinema. He was Director of Studies in Social Sciences at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales. He was a co-director of the French review ''Annales'' and co-editor of the ''Journal of Contemporary History.'' He also directed and presented television documentaries on the rise of the Nazis, Lenin and the Russian revolution and on the representation of history in cinema. Ferro died from COVID-19 complications in Maisons-Laffitte in April 2021, at the age of 96. Honours and awards Honours * Knight of the Legion of Honour * O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France Culture
France Culture () is a French public radio channel and part of Radio France Radio France () is the French national public radio broadcaster. Stations Radio France offers seven national networks: *France Inter — Radio France's "generalist media, generalist" station, featuring entertaining and informative talk mixed wi .... Its programming encompasses various features on historical, philosophical, sociopolitical, and scientific themes (including debates, discussions, and exciting documentaries), as well as literary readings, radio plays, and experimental productions. The channel is broadcast nationwide on FM and is also available online. Some landmark programmes * ''Atelier de création radiophonique'' (since 1969) * ''Black and Blue'' (1970–2008) * ''Le Bon plaisir'' (1985–1999) * ''Le Panorama'' (since 1968) * ''Les Chemins de la connaissance'' (1970–1997) * ''Les Chemins de la musique'' (1997–2004) * ''Du jour au lendemain'' (1985–2014) * ''La Matinée des autr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Papon
Maurice Papon (; 3 September 1910 – 17 February 2007) was a French civil servant and Nazi collaborator who was convicted of crimes against humanity committed during the occupation of France. Papon led the police in major prefectures from the 1930s to the 1960s, before he became a Gaullist politician. When he was secretary general for the police in Bordeaux during World War II, he participated in the deportation of more than 1,600 Jews. He is also known for his activities in the Algerian War (1954–1962), during which he tortured insurgent prisoners as prefect of the Constantinois department, and ordered, as prefect of the Paris police, the 1961 massacre of pro- National Liberation Front (FLN) demonstrators for violating a curfew that he had "advised". In 1961, Maurice Papon was personally awarded the Legion of Honour by French President Charles de Gaulle, whose government had been struggling with the FLN insurgency. Papon also commanded the Paris police in the Char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gérard Noiriel
Gérard Noiriel () is a French historian. He is director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. Awards and honors * Prix Augustin-Thierry 2010 * Prix Eugène-Colas 2019. * Prix de l'Union rationaliste 2020 * Doctorat honoris causa from Saint-Louis University, Brussels in 2021. Publications * ''Vivre et lutter à Longwy'' (avec Benaceur Azzaoui), Paris, Éditions Maspero, « Débats Communistes », 1980 * ''Longwy, Immigrés et prolétaires (1880-1980)'', Paris, Presses universitaires de France, « Pratiques Théoriques », 1984 * ''Les Ouvriers dans la société française (XIXe – XXe siècle)'', Paris, Seuil, « Points », 1986 * ''Le Creuset français. Histoire de l'immigration (XIXe – XXe siècle)'', Paris, Seuil, « L'Univers Historique », 1988 ; réédité en « Points-histoire », Paris, Seuil, 1992 * ''La Tyrannie du national. Le droit d'asile en Europe (1793-1993)'', Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1991 ; réédité en collection de p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Today
''History Today'' is a history magazine. Published monthly in London since January 1951, it presents authoritative history to as wide a public as possible. The magazine covers all periods and geographical regions and publishes articles of traditional narrative history alongside new research and historiography. History The magazine was founded after the Second World War, by Brendan Bracken, former Minister of Information, chairman of the ''Financial Times'' and close associate of Sir Winston Churchill. The magazine has been independently owned since 1981. The founding co-editors were Peter Quennell, a "dashing English man of letters", and Alan Hodge, former journalist at the ''Financial Times''. The website contains all the magazine's published content since 1951. A digital edition, available on a dedicated app, was launched in 2012 and re-released with improvements in 2015. ''History Review'' was a tri-annual sister publication of ''History Today'' magazine publishing mate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 1968 Events In France
May 68 () was a period of widespread protests, strikes, and civil unrest in France that began in May 1968 and became one of the most significant social uprisings in modern European history. Initially sparked by student demonstrations against university conditions and government repression, the movement quickly escalated into a nationwide general strike involving millions of workers, bringing the country to the brink of revolution. The events have profoundly shaped French politics, labor relations, and cultural life, leaving a lasting legacy of radical thought and activism. After World War II, France underwent rapid modernization, economic growth, and urbanization, leading to increased social tensions. (The period from 1945 to 1975 is known as the ''Trente Glorieuses'', the "Thirty Glorious Years", but it was also a time of exacerbated inequalities and alienation, particularly among students and young workers.) By the late 1960s, France's university system was struggling to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Auphan
Counter-admiral Gabriel Paul Auphan (; November 4, 1894, Alès – April 6, 1982) was a French naval officer who became the State Secretary of the Navy (secrétaire d'État à la Marine) of the Vichy government from April to November 1942. Naval officer Entered the École navale in October 1911, enseigne de vaisseau in October 1914, he served on board ''Jeanne-d'Arc'' in the northern squadron, then in April 1915, in the Mediterranean where he participated to operations in the Dardanelles. In September 1915, assigned to the intelligence service established in an island in the Levantine Mediterranean, he organized a network covering the entire Levant. He continued to lead this mission as of August 1916, as second in command of aviso ''Laborieux'', then at Kastelórizo on the coast of Anatolia. Second in command of submarine in September 1917, he participated in campaigns in the Adriatic until the end of the war. In January 1919, he was sent to Rijeka to serve in the intell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Historians
This is a list of French historians limited to those with a biographical entry in either English or French Wikipedia. Other major French chroniclers, annalists, philosophers, or other writers are included if they have important historical output. Introduction Scope and style This article includes French historians and other writers from France making important contributions to history, and having an article in either English Wikipedia, English or French Wikipedia. The list is organized chronologically, with sections devoted to time periods. Within a section, authors are listed alphabetically by last name, except for the brief section, where they are ordered by date of birth. Background History only matured as a serious academic profession in the 19th century. Before that, it was exercised as a literary pursuit by amateurs such as Voltaire, Jules Michelet, and François Guizot. The transition to an academic discipline first occurred in Germany under historian Leopold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Michel (historian)
Henri Michel (April 28, 1907 in Vidauban, Var – June 5, 1986 in Paris) was a French historian, who studied the Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo .... He created the Comité d'Histoire de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale and the '' Revue d'Histoire de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale''. Works * ''Tragédie de la déportation'', 1954. * ''Histoire de la Résistance : (1940-1944)'', 1958. * ''Les Mouvements clandestins en Europe (1938-1945)'', 1961. * ''Les Courants de pensée de la Résistance'', 1962. * ''Histoire de la France libre'', 1963. * ''Jean Moulin l'unificateur'', 1964. * ''Combat : histoire d'un mouvement de Résistance de juillet 1940 à juillet 1943'', 1967. * ''Vichy : Année 1940'', 1967. * ''La Guerre de l'ombre ; La Résistance en Europe'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
