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Robert Mann (Royal Navy Officer)
Robert Mann (c.1748 – 20 September 1813) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars, eventually rising to the rank of admiral of the red. Early career Mann was born into a naval family. His father, the elder Robert Mann, was a captain in the navy. He was mortally wounded while commanding during the capture of the French privateer ''Gloire'' on 7 March 1762, during the Seven Years' War. His son, the younger Robert Mann, was born in 1745, being baptised at Wandsworth on 18 July 1745. (This date is confirmed by his grave at All Saints Milford-on-Sea which shows his age as 68 when he died in 1813.) He embarked on a naval career and was commissioned as lieutenant on 26 May 1768, having been wounded in the neck by a musket ball in the action when his father was killed. The grave shows his name as Man rather than Mann, and that all his correspondence, as well as that of his father, used the same spell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Francis Rigaud
John Francis Rigaud (18 May 1742 – 6 December 1810) was an eighteenth-century history, portrait, and decorative painter. Of French descent, he was born in Turin and spent most of his career in England. Early life Rigaud was born in Turin on 18 May 1742 and baptised on 9 September. He was the second son of James Dutilh or Rigaud and Jeanne Françoise Guiraudet. His father came from a family of Protestant merchants; his grandfather Jacques Dutilh had fled from Lyon to Geneva with his family after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Jacques died on the journey, and his widow assumed her maiden nameRigaudby which the family became known.Cust and Myrone, "John Francis Rigaud". John had a brother Jacques Etienne Rigaud born 16 Jan 1741 and died 7 Mar 1767 at Turin. Having demonstrated an artistic ability, Rigaud studied with Claudio Francesco Beaumont of Turin, historical painter to the king of Sardinia. He left Beaumont to travel Italy and study painting in Florence and in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Action Of 25 February 1781
The Action of 25 February 1781 was a naval engagement fought off Cape Finisterre between the Spanish naval frigate sixth rate ''Graña'' of 30 guns and the Royal Navy fifth-rate frigate HMS ''Cerberus'' of 32 guns. ''Graña'' surrendered after a hard fight. On 25 February 1781, whilst cruising 20 leagues off Cape Finisterre, HMS ''Cerberus'', under Captain Robert Mann, sighted ''Graña''. ''Graña'', under Don Nicolás de Medina, was a month out of Ferrol but had captured little. ''Cerberus'' closed on ''Graña'' and within fifteen minutes the British had won. The Spanish officers fought as long as they could, but as ''Cerberus''s broadsides took effect the Spanish sailors refused to fight. Further resistance seemed pointless, so De Medina struck Struck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Adolf Struck Adolf Hermann Struck (1877–1911) was a German sightseer and writer. He is known for his Travel literature, travelogue ''Makedonische Fahrten'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Jervis, 1st Earl Of St Vincent
John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent ( ; 9 January 1735 – 13 March 1823) was a British Royal Navy admiral and politician. He served throughout the latter half of the 18th century and into the 19th, and was an active commander during the Seven Years' War, American Revolutionary War, American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is best known for his victory at the 1797 Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), Battle of Cape St. Vincent, from which he earned his titles, and as a patron of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, Horatio Nelson. Jervis was also recognised by both political and military contemporaries as a fine administrator and naval reformer. As Commander-in-chief of the Mediterranean, between 1795 and 1799 he introduced a series of severe General order, standing orders to avert mutiny. He applied those orders to both seamen and officers alike, a policy that made him a controversial figure. He took his Discipline, disciplinarian system o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toulon
Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department. The Commune of Toulon has a population of 176,198 people (2018), making it France's 13th-largest city. It is the centre of an urban unit with 580,281 inhabitants (2018), the ninth largest in France by population. Toulon is the second largest French city by urban area on the Mediterranean coast after Marseille. Toulon is an important centre for naval construction, fishing, wine making, and the manufacture of aeronautical equipment, armaments, maps, paper, tobacco, printing, shoes, and electronic equipment. The military port of Toulon is the major navy, naval centre on France's Mediterranean coast, home of the French aircraft carrier ''French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle'' and her battle group. The French Mediterranean Fleet is based in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph De Richery
Counter-Admiral Joseph de Richery (13 September 1757 – 1798) was a French Navy officer. Career He distinguished himself in the French Navy in the American Revolutionary War. From 1781 until 1785 he served in the Indian Ocean under Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez. In 1793 he was promoted to captain and given command of ''Bretagne'', but was relieved during the French Revolution after the Quibéron mutinies.Forrer, ''Neptunia'' 202, p.21 He was reinstated in 1794 and given the rank of counter admiral. He commanded a squadron of 6 vessels and three frigates based in Toulon during Richery's expedition. These ships were among the small squadrons used by the French to raid British commerce. In one of its remarkable engagements, his squadron captured convoy of trading vessels (around thirty vessels), which the squadron took to Cadiz where it was blockaded by the British. In 1795, he carried out a raid on Saint-Dominigue and captured another enemy convoy. Richer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richery's Expedition
Richery's expedition was a French naval operation during 1795 and 1796 as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The operation was led by Commodore (later contre-amiral) Joseph de Richery and comprised two separate cruises; the first was an operation off Cádiz in Southern Spain in which Richery attacked and defeated a large British merchant convoy with a weak escort, taking many prizes. Forced to anchor at Cádiz, the French squadron was subsequently blockaded in the port for almost a year. Richery was enabled to escape in August 1796 by a Spanish fleet, and went on to attack British fisheries off Newfoundland and Labrador before returning to France having inflicted severe damage to British Atlantic trade. The operation was launched in the autumn of 1795, following a series of defeats for the French Mediterranean Fleet. Responding to a request from the Atlantic fleet for reinforcements, a squadron of ships of the line was sent from Toulon, with orders to raid British shipping in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gibraltar
Gibraltar ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory and British overseas cities, city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean (Strait of Gibraltar). It has an area of and is Gibraltar–Spain border, bordered to the north by Spain (Campo de Gibraltar). The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area. Gibraltar is home to some 34,003 people, primarily Gibraltarians. Gibraltar was founded as a permanent watchtower by the Almohad Caliphate, Almohads in 1160. It switched control between the Nasrids, Crown of Castile, Castilians and Marinids in the Late Middle Ages, acquiring larger strategic clout upon the destruction of nearby Algeciras . It became again part of the Crown of Castile in 1462. In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces Capture of Gibraltar, captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (from , later ''Minorica'') is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca. Its capital is Maó, situated on the island's eastern end, although Menorca is not a province and forms a political union with the other islands in the archipelago. Ciutadella de Menorca, Ciutadella and Maó are the main ports and largest towns. Menorca had a population of 102,477 at the Census of 1 January 2025, Its highest point, called El Toro (Minorca), El Toro (from Catalan "''turó''" meaning ''hill''), roughly in the middle of the island, is Above mean sea level, above sea level. History The island is known for its collection of European megalithic culture, megalithic stone monuments: naveta, ''navetes'', taula, ''taules'' and ''talaiots'', which indicate very early prehistoric human activity. Some of the earliest culture on Menorca was influenced by other Mediterran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Hotham, 1st Baron Hotham
Admiral William Hotham, 1st Baron Hotham (8 April 1736 – 2 May 1813) was a Royal Navy officer. He was the son of Sir Beaumont Hotham (died 1771), a lineal descendant of Sir John Hotham. Biography Hotham was educated at Westminster School and at the Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth. He entered the navy in 1751, and spent most of his midshipman's time in American waters. In 1755 he became lieutenant in Admiral Sir Edward Hawke's flagship ''St George'' and he soon received a small command, which led gradually to higher posts. In ''Syren'' (20) he fought a sharp action with the French ''Telemaque'' of superior force, and in the sloop ''Fortune'' he carried, by boarding, a 26-gun privateer. For this service, he was rewarded with a more powerful ship, and from 1757 onwards commanded various frigates. In 1759 his ship ''Melampe'', with ''Southampton'', fought a spirited action with two hostile frigates of similar force, one of which became their prize. ''Melampe'' was attached to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mediterranean Fleet
The British Mediterranean Fleet, also known as the Mediterranean Station, was a formation of the Royal Navy. The Fleet was one of the most prestigious commands in the navy for the majority of its history, defending the vital sea link between the United Kingdom and the majority of the British Empire in the Eastern Hemisphere. The first Commander-in-Chief for the Mediterranean Fleet was the appointment of General at Sea Robert Blake in September 1654 (styled as Commander of the Mediterranean Fleet). The Fleet was in existence until 1967. Pre-Second World War The Royal Navy gained a foothold in the Mediterranean Sea when Gibraltar was captured by the British in 1704 during the War of Spanish Succession, and formally allocated to Britain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Though the British had maintained a naval presence in the Mediterranean before, the capture of Gibraltar allowed the British to establish their first naval base there. The British also used Port Mahon, on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strait Of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa. The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between . The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar transit passage, in case of continuous transit. Names and etymology The name comes from the Rock of Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic (meaning "Tariq's Mount"), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad. It is also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, the Gut (coastal geography), Gut of Gibraltar (although this is mostly archaic), the STROG (STRait Of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
