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Robert Hartmann (referee)
Robert Hartmann (born 8 September 1979) is a German football referee who is based in Wangen im Allgäu. He referees for SV Krugzell of the Bavarian Football Association. Refereeing career Hartmann, official for SV Krugzell of the referee group Kempten/Oberallgäu, has been a DFB official since 2005. He made his debut in the 2. Bundesliga in 2007. Hartmann was then appointed as a Bundesliga referee in early 2011. His debut match was on 19 February 2011 between SC Freiburg and VfL Wolfsburg. On 19 June 2011 Hartmann officiated the final of the 2010–11 Under 19 Bundesliga in the VfL-Stadion am Elsterweg in Wolfsburg. VfL Wolfsburg won 4–2 against 1. FC Kaiserslautern. On 17 October 2014, in the 2. Bundesliga match between VfL Bochum and Darmstadt 98, Hartmann was the first referee in German football to use vanishing spray during a match, which the DFL had introduced. Personal life Hartmann has a degree in business administration and lives in Wangen im Allgäu Wangen im Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Manager
The Oxford English Dictionary defines a business manager as "a person who manages the business affairs of an individual, institution, organization, or company". Compare manager. Business managers drive the work of others (if any) in order to operate efficiently and (in the case of for-profit companies) to make a profit. They should have working knowledge of the following areas, and may be a specialist in one or more: finance, marketing and public relations. Other technical areas in which a business manager may have expertise include law, science, and computer programming. In some circumstances, business managers even have oversight over human resources. Role profile In many businesses, the role may be established to relieve the owner of responsibility, in order to focus on specific aspects of company expansion. Typically, the business manager and the owner work may work in synergy to ensure successful running of business. Having a specialization in a particular field, such as sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (; Eastphalian language, Eastphalian: ''Wulfsborg'') is the fifth-largest city in the Germany, German state of Lower Saxony, on the river Aller (Germany), Aller east of Hanover and west of Berlin. Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Gigafactory Texas, Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, Wolfsburg Volkswagen Plant, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi AG, Audi, Bentley Motors, Bentley, Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S., Bugatti, Ducati, Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A., Lamborghini, MAN SE, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche AG, Porsche, Scania AB, Scania, SEAT, S.A., SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned community, planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a company town, home for workers producin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living People
Purpose: Because living persons may suffer personal harm from inappropriate information, we should watch their articles carefully. By adding an article to this category, it marks them with a notice about sources whenever someone tries to edit them, to remind them of WP:BLP (biographies of living persons) policy that these articles must maintain a neutral point of view, maintain factual accuracy, and be properly sourced. Recent changes to these articles are listed on Special:RecentChangesLinked/Living people. Organization: This category should not be sub-categorized. Entries are generally sorted by family name In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several give .... Maintenance: Individuals of advanced age (over 90), for whom there has been no new documentation in the last ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Births
Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ''Chiquitita'' to commemorate the event. ** In 1979, the United States officially severed diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). This decision marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, turning to view the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate representative of China. ** The United States and the People's Republic of China establish full Sino-American relations, diplomatic relations. ** Following a deal agreed during 1978, France, French carmaker Peugeot completes a takeover of American manufacturer Chrysler's Chrysler Europe, European operations, which are based in United Kingdom, Britain's former Rootes Group factories, as well as the former Simca factories in France. * January 6 – Geylang Bahru family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Fußball Liga
The DFL Deutsche Fußball Liga GmbH (or simply Deutsche Fußball Liga; ; often shortened to DFL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of '' Die Liga – Fußballverband''. The DFL is responsible for entire operating business of the ''Ligaverband'', including the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga leagues. Since 1 July 2001, the DFL has organised the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. From 2005 until 2007, they also organised the DFL-Ligapokal. Since 2010, the DFL also has organised the Franz Beckenbauer Supercup. Function The DFL was founded on 19 December 2000 as an independent ''GmbH''. Since then, the ''Ligaverband'' has been the sole shareholder of the DFL, which has provided the capital stock in the amount of €1 million. The organisation is a subsidiary of the '' Ligaverband'', which acts as a representative for the 36 professional clubs in the top two leagues of German football. Today the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga are operated by the DFL, but jointly hosted by the German Football Asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanishing Spray
Vanishing spray, also known as vanishing foam, is a substance applied to an association football pitch in order to provide a temporary visual marker. It is most often used by the referee to indicate the minimum distance that the defending team may position themselves from the ball during a direct free kick, as well as to indicate the spot from where the kick is taken. The spray appears similar to white paint or watered-down shaving foam when initially applied. It completely disappears within a minute, leaving no visible residue behind. Used mainly at the highest levels of competition, vanishing spray is said to help prevent unnecessary delays by preventing the defensive team from encroaching closer than the mandated 10 yards (9.15 meters) from the ball during a free kick, and also by preventing the attacking team from illegally moving the ball from the spot where the referee awarded the kick. Its use in football is not regulated by the Laws of the Game, with authorisation bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SV Darmstadt 98
Sportverein Darmstadt 1898 e.V., commonly known as Darmstadt 98 (), is a German professional association football club based in Darmstadt, Hesse. The club was founded on 22 May 1898 as FC Olympia Darmstadt. Early in 1919, the association was briefly known as ''Rasen-Sportverein Olympia'' before merging with Darmstädter Sport Club 1905 on 11 November that year to become Sportverein Darmstadt 98. Merger partner SC was the product of a 1905 union between Viktoria 1900 Darmstadt and Germania 1903 Darmstadt. The footballers are today part of a sports club which also offers its over 13,500 members basketball, hiking, futsal, judo, and table tennis. The football department competed in the Bundesliga for the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons after a 33-year run in lower leagues. Darmstadt 98 were promoted again to the Bundesliga in 2023; however, they did not avoid relegation the following season. History Early history Olympia played as a lower table side in the Westkreisliga between 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VfL Bochum
Verein für Leibesübungen Bochum 1848 Fußballgemeinschaft, commonly referred to as VfL Bochum (), is a Football in Germany, German professional association football club based in the city of Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia. They currently play in the Bundesliga, the top-flight of German club football, but will play in the 2. Bundesliga, 2. Bundesliga in the 2025–26 Bundesliga, 2025–26 season following relegation. History Founding to World War II VfL Bochum is one of the oldest sports organizations in the world, claiming an origin date of 26 July 1848 when an article in the ''Märkischer Sprecher'' – a local newspaper – called for the creation of a gymnastics club. The Turnverein zu Bochum was then formally established on 18 February 1849. In December 1851, however, the club was forcibly dissolved and banned by the Prussian provincial administration then reestablished on 19 June 1860 as the bochum gymnastics club. The club was reorganized in May 1904 as Turnver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VfL-Stadion Am Elsterweg
VfL-Stadion am Elsterweg (, locally ) is a multi-use stadium in Wolfsburg, Germany. The stadium is able to hold 17,600 people and opened in 1947. It hosted the home matches of VfL Wolfsburg until they moved to the Volkswagen Arena when it opened in 2002. Now the stadium is used by Wolfsburg's 2nd squad, which plays in the Regionalliga Nord The Regionalliga Nord () is the fourth tier of the German football league system in the states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen and Hamburg. It is one of five leagues at this level, together with the Regionalliga Bayern, Regionalliga N .... References Football venues in Germany VfL Wolfsburg Buildings and structures in Wolfsburg Sports venues in Lower Saxony Sports venues completed in 1947 1947 establishments in Germany {{LowerSaxony-struct-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Football Association
The German Football Association ( ; DFB ) is the governing body of Association football, football, futsal, and beach soccer in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and is in charge of the Germany national football team, men's and Germany women's national football team, women's national teams. The DFB headquarters are in Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main. Sole members of the DFB are the Deutsche Fußball Liga, German Football League (; DFL), organising the professional Bundesliga and the 2. Bundesliga, along with five regional and 21 state associations, organising the semi-professional and amateur levels. The 21 state associations of the DFB have a combined number of more than 25,000 clubs with more than 6.8 million members, making the DFB the single largest sports federation in the world. History 1875 to 1900 From 1875 to the mid-1880s, the first kind of football played in Germany was according to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Under 19 Bundesliga
The Under 19 Bundesliga (German: ''A-Junioren Bundesliga'') is the highest level in German Under 19 football. It was created in 2003 and is divided in three divisions (Nord/Nordost, West und Süd/Südwest) with 14 teams each. The winner of each divisions and the second-placed team from the Süd/Südwest division join the play-offs for the German U19 champions. The forerunner of the Under 19 Bundesliga was the ''A-Jugend-Regionalliga''. In the summer of 2003 the divisions North and Northeast as well as South and Southwest were merged, the division West was simply renamed. The intent was to make youth football more competitive. History The league was formed in 2003, when the five ''U 19 Regionalligas'' merged to form the three ''Bundesligas'' as follows: * ''Under 19 Bundesliga North/Northeast'' formed from: ** ''Under 19 Regionalliga North'' ** ''Under 19 Regionalliga Northeast'' * ''Under 19 Bundesliga South/Southwest'' formed from: ** ''Under 19 Regionalliga South'' ** ''Under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VfL Wolfsburg
Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg (), is a German professional sports club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club grew out of a multi-sports club for Volkswagen workers in the city of Wolfsburg. It is best known for its football department, but other departments include badminton, handball and athletics. The men's professional football team play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Wolfsburg have won the Bundesliga once in their history, in the 2008–09 season, the DFB-Pokal in 2015 and the DFL-Supercup in 2015. Professional football is run by the spin-off organization ''VfL Wolfsburg-Fußball GmbH'', a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. Since 2002, Wolfsburg's stadium is the Volkswagen Arena. History Foundation The city of Wolfsburg was established on 1 July 1938 under the name ''Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben'' to accommodate workers for the newly constructed Volkswagen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
