Rivers Nursery
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Rivers Nursery
The Rivers Nursery (also known as Rivers and Son) was a nursery founded in 1725 near Sawbridgeworth and closed in the 1980s. It specialised in fruit trees and roses and is best known for developing the Conference pear. The plant breeders who ran the nursery corresponded with leading scientists and horticulturalists of their times. Rivers Nursery was believed to be the oldest nursery in Britain before its closure. History The Rivers Nursery was established by John Rivers in 1725. It specialised in fruit trees (especially in pots), roses, and "orchard houses" made of glass after the 1845 abolition of the glass tax. The Rivers Nursery became second only to the local maltings as a local employer. Work was gendered, with men preparing the soil, planting, staking, digging and packing, and women pollinating, tying in and grafting. At its peak in the late 19th century, the nursery covered around 400 acres of land. By the 1950s, there were 300 acres of orchards. Rivers was considered a " ...
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Plant Nursery
A nursery is a place where plants are plant propagation, propagated and grown to a desired size. Mostly the plants concerned are for gardening, forestry, or conservation biology, rather than agriculture. They include retail nurseries, which sell to the general public; wholesale nurseries, which sell only to businesses such as other nurseries and commercial gardeners; and private nurseries, which supply the needs of institutions or private estates. Some will also work in plant breeding. A "nurseryman" is a person who owns or works in a nursery. Some nurseries specialize in certain areas, which may include: propagation and the selling of small or bare root plants to other nurseries; growing out plant materials to a saleable size, or retail sales. Nurseries may also specialize in one type of plant, e.g., groundcovers, shade plants, or rock garden plants. Some produce bulk stock, whether seedlings or grafted trees, of particular varieties for purposes such as fruit trees for orch ...
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ...
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