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Rimush (Akkad)
Rimush (or Rimuš, ''Ri-mu-uš''; died 2270 BC) was the second king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad. He was succeeded by his brother Manishtushu, and was an uncle of Naram-Sin of Akkad. Naram-Sin posthumously deified Sargon and Manishtushi but not his uncle. His sister was Enheduana, considered the earliest known named author in world history. Little is known about his brother Shu-Enlil. There was a city, Dur-Rimuš (Fortress of Rimush), located near Tell Ishchali and Khafajah. It was known to be a cult center of the storm god Adad. Biography According to the ''Sumerian King List'', his reign lasted nine years (though variant copies read seven or fifteen years). There is one surviving year-name for an unknown year of his reign: ''mu ud-nun / adab hul-a'' "year in which Adab was destroyed". Tradition gives that he was assassinated, as recorded in the '' Bārûtu'', a compendium of extispicy dared to the first millennium BC: "If the heart is like a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kish (Sumer)
Kish (Sumerian language, Sumerian: Kiš; transliteration: :wikt:𒆧, KišKi (earth), ki; cuneiform: ; , near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (Iraq), located south of Baghdad and east of the ancient city of Babylon. The Ubaid period site of Ras al-Amiyah is away. It was occupied from the Ubaid period to the Hellenistic period. In Early Dynastic times the city's patron deity was Ishtar with her consort Ea (Babylonian god), Ea. Her temple, at Tell Ingharra, was (E)-hursag-kalama. By Old Babylonian times the patron deity, patron deities had become Zababa, along with his consort, the goddess Bau (goddess), Bau and Istar. His temple Emeteursag (later Ekišiba) was at Uhaimir. History Kish was occupied from the Ubaid period (c.5300–4300 BC), gaining prominence as one of the pre-eminent powers in the region during the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic Period when it reached its maximum extent of 230 hectares. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extispicy
In the religion of ancient Rome, a haruspex was a person trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. Various ancient cultures of the Near East, such as the Babylonians, also read omens specifically from the liver, a practice also known by the Greek term hepatoscopy (also hepatomancy). The Roman concept is directly derived from Etruscan religion, as one of the three branches of the ''disciplina Etrusca''. Etymology The Latin terms ''haruspex'' and ''haruspicina'' are from an archaic word, ''hīra'' = "entrails, intestines" (cognate with ''hernia'' = "protruding viscera" and ''hira'' = "empty gut"; PIE '' *ǵʰer-'') and from the root '' spec-'' = "to watch, observe". The Greek ἡπατοσκοπία ''hēpatoskōpia'' is from '' hēpar'' = "liver" and '' skop-'' = "to examine". Ancient Near East The Babylonians were famous for hepatoscopy. This p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zabalam
Zabala, also Zabalam ( ''zabalamki'', Sumerian - ''MUŠ3.UNUki'', modern Tell Ibzeikh (also Tell el-Buzekh or Tell Ibzaykh), Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq) was a city of ancient Sumer in Mesopotamia, located in what is now the Dhi Qar governorate in Iraq. In early archaeology this location was also called Tel el-Buzekh. Locally it is called Tell Bzikh. Zabala was at the crossing of the ancient Iturungal and Ninagina canals, 10 kilometers to the northwest of Umma. The city's deity was Inanna of Zabala. A cuneiform tablet from Zabala contains one of only a few metro-mathematical tables of area measures from the Early Dynastic Period. History The first mentions of Zabala are in seals from the Jemdet Nasr period including a list of early sites - Ur, Nippur, Larsa, Uruk, Kes, and Zabalam. The earliest historical record, a bowl inscription, indicates that Zabala was under the control of Lugalzagesi of Umma. This is further supported by tablets from that period. The city is also known to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ensi (Sumerian)
Ensi (cuneiform: , "lord of the plowland"; Emesal dialect: ''umunsik''; ) was a Sumerian title designating the ruler or prince of a city-state. Originally it may have designated an independent ruler, but in later periods the title presupposed subordinance to a lugal. For the Early Dynastic Period (about 2800–2350 BC), the meaning of the titles en, ensi and lugal cannot be differentiated clearly: see lugal, ensi and en for details. Ensi may have originally been a designation of the ruler restricted to Lagash and Umma. The ''ensi'' was considered a representative of the city-state's patron deity. In later periods, an ensi was normally seen as subordinate to a lugal. Nevertheless, even the powerful rulers of the Second Dynasty of Lagash () such as Gudea were satisfied with the title ensi. During the Third Dynasty of Ur (about 2100–2000 BC) ensi referred to the provincial governors of the kingdom. These exercised great powers in terms of government, tax revenue and juris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazallu
Kazalla or Kazallu (Ka-zal-luki) is the name given in Akkadian sources to a city in central Mesopotamia whose specific location is unknown. Its patron god was Numushda and his consort Namrat. There are indications that the god Lugal-awak also lived in Kazallu. The city disappears from history with the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire circa 1595 BC. Kazallu is mentioned in the Sumerian literary composition Lament for Sumer and Ur: History Early Bronze Age Akkadian Period Under its king Kashtubila, Kazalla warred against Sargon of Akkad in the 24th or 23rd century BC. Sargon laid the city of Kazalla to waste so effectively that "the birds could not find a place to perch away from the ground." This particular story was written a millennium or more after the fact and is considered a literary composition. The second ruler of the Akkadian Empire, Rimush, suppressed a revolt by Kazallu reporting: A number of land grant inscriptions, the predecessors of Kudurrus, from the reign o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Der (Sumer)
Der (Sumerian language, Sumerian: 𒌷𒂦𒀭𒆠 ''uruBAD3.ANki''; Akkadian language, Akkadian: 𒌷𒂦𒀭𒆠 ''uruBAD3.ANki'' or ''urude-e-ru(ki)'') was a Sumerian city-state at the site of modern Tell Aqar near Badra, Iraq, al-Badra in Iraq's Wasit Governorate. It was east of the Tigris River on the border between Sumer and Elam. At one time it was thought that it might have been ancient Durum (Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''uruBAD3ki'') but more recent scholarship has rebutted that. The principal god of Der was Ištaran. In the 1st millennium BC, he was also referred to as ''Anu rabû'' ("''Great Anu''") in Akkadian. The name of his temple at Der was Edimgalkalama. History Early Bronze Der was occupied from the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic period through Neo-Assyrian times. The local deity of the city was named Ishtaran, represented on Earth by his minister, the snake god Nirah. Ur III period In the late 3rd millennium, during the reign of Sulgi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagash
Lagash (; cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Lagaš'') was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in Dhi Qar Governorate) was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East. The ancient site of Nina (Tell Zurghul) is around away and marks the southern limit of the state. Nearby Girsu (modern Telloh), about northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state. The Lagash state's main temple was the E-ninnu at Girsu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu. The Lagash state incorporated the ancient cities of Lagash, Girsu, Nina. History Though some Uruk period pottery shards were found in a surface survey, significant occupation at the site of Lagash began early in the 3rd Millennium BC, in the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic I period (c. 2900–2600 BC), surface surveys and excavations show tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umma
Umma () in modern Dhi Qar Province in Iraq, was an ancient city in Sumer. There is some scholarly debate about the Sumerian and Akkadian names for this site. Traditionally, Umma was identified with Tell Jokha. More recently it has been suggested that it was located at Umm al-Aqarib, less than to its northwest or was even the name of both cities. One or both were the leading city of the Early Dynastic kingdom of Gišša, with the most recent excavators putting forth that Umm al-Aqarib was prominent in EDIII but Jokha rose to preeminence later. The town of KI.AN was also nearby. KI.AN, which was destroyed by Rimush, a ruler of the Akkadian Empire. There are known to have been six gods of KI.AN including Gula (goddess), Gula KI.AN and Shara (god), Sara KI.AN. The tutelary gods of Umma were Sara and Ninura. It is known that the ED ruler Ur-Lumma built, a temple to the god Enki, Enki-gal and one to the god Nagar-pa'e at Umma. In the early Sumerian literary composition ''Inanna's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rimush Victory Stele Archer
Rimush (or Rimuš, ''Ri-mu-uš''; died 2270 BC) was the second king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad. He was succeeded by his brother Manishtushu, and was an uncle of Naram-Sin of Akkad. Naram-Sin posthumously deified Sargon and Manishtushi but not his uncle. His sister was Enheduana, considered the earliest known named author in world history. Little is known about his brother Shu-Enlil. There was a city, Dur-Rimuš (Fortress of Rimush), located near Tell Ishchali and Khafajah. It was known to be a cult center of the storm god Adad. Biography According to the ''Sumerian King List'', his reign lasted nine years (though variant copies read seven or fifteen years). There is one surviving year-name for an unknown year of his reign: ''mu ud-nun / adab hul-a'' "year in which Adab was destroyed". Tradition gives that he was assassinated, as recorded in the '' Bārûtu'', a compendium of extispicy dared to the first millennium BC: "If the heart is like a te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Leilan
Tell Leilan is an archaeological site situated near the Wadi Jarrah in the Khabur River basin in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The site has been occupied since the 5th millennium BC. During the late third millennium, the site was known as Shekhna. During that time it was under control of the Akkadian Empire and was used as an administrative center. Around 1800 BC, the site was renamed "Šubat-Enlil" by the king Shamshi-Adad I, and it became his residential capital. Shubat-Enlil was abandoned around 1700 BC. Geography The site is located close to some other flourishing cities of the time. Hamoukar is about 50 km away to the southeast. Tell Brak is about 50 km away to the southwest, and also in the Khabur River basin. Tell Mozan (Urkesh) is about 50 km to the west. Leilan, Brak and Urkesh were particularly prominent during the Akkadian period. History The city originated around 5000 BC as a small farming village. Early Bronze Early Dynastic IIIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Brak
Tell Brak (Nagar, Nawar) was an ancient city in Syria; it is one the earliest known cities in the world. Its remains constitute a tell located in the Upper Khabur region, near the modern village of Tell Brak, 50 kilometers north-east of Al-Hasaka city, Al-Hasakah Governorate. The city's original name is unknown. During the second half of the third millennium BC, the city was known as Nagar and later on, Nawar. Starting as a small settlement in the seventh millennium BC, Tell Brak's urbanization began in the late 5th millennium BCE and evolved during the fourth millennium BC into one of the biggest cities in Upper Mesopotamia, and interacted with the cultures of southern Mesopotamia. The city shrank in size at the beginning of the third millennium BC with the end of Uruk period, before expanding again around c. 2600 BC, when it became known as Nagar, and was the capital of a regional kingdom that controlled the Khabur river valley. Nagar was destroyed around c. 2300 BC, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Akkad
An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outpost (military), outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a hegemony, dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) has political control over the peripheries. Within an empire, different populations may have different sets of rights and may be governed differently. The word "empire" derives from the Roman concept of . Narrowly defined, an empire is a sovereign state whose head of state uses the title of "emperor" or Empress-regnant, "empress"; but not all states with aggregate territory under the rule of supreme authorities are called "empires" or are ruled by an emperor; nor have all self-described empires been accepted as such by contemporaries and historians (the Central African Empire of 1976 to 1979, and some Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England being examples). There have been "ancient and modern, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
