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Rightist Opposition
The Right Opposition ( ka, მემარჯვენე ოპოზიცია, tr) was an alliance of Georgia's New Rights (Conservatives) and Industry Will Save Georgia parties. It was the only opposition group that received over seven percent of the votes in the 2004 Georgian parliamentary election, passing the electoral threshold to secure seats in Parliament. History The alliance was formed prior to the 2004 Georgian parliamentary election, which was held after the 2003 Rose Revolution in Georgia. Both New Rights and the Industry Will Save Georgia refused to join rallies of the other opposition parties during the Rose Revolution, criticizing its leaders and distancing from the event. After the 2004 parliamentary election, both the Right Opposition and National Movement traded allegations of vote rigging. However, neither of these claims were substantiated by observers from the European Union in their subsequent report on the elections. The coalition initially gained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Davit Gamkrelidze
David Gamkrelidze or Davit Gamqrelidze ( ka, დავით გამყრელიძე; born April 2, 1964, in Tbilisi) is a Georgian politician, leader of the New Rights Party of Georgia, Member of Parliament since 1999, member of committee for defense and security, and Chairman of the Centre-Right Opposition Group in the Parliament of Georgia. He also contested the 2008 Georgian presidential election and came fourth with the 4.02% of the votes cast. Early life and education David Gamkrelidze was born on April 2, 1964, in a family of geologists, academicians of Georgia’s Academy of Sciences, and Georgian Geological School representative Erekle Gamkrelidze and of Ia Gobronidze. His grandfather, Petre Gamkrelidze, was one of the founders of the Georgian Geological School. Gamkrelidze graduated from the Tbilisi 55th secondary school. In 1982 he became a student of Tbilisi State Medical University, Faculty of Pediatrics. He was a holder of Tarkhnishvili Scholarship, me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Ossetia
South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia or the State of Alania, is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus with International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, partial diplomatic recognition. It has an officially stated population of just over 56,500 people (2022), who live in an area of , with 33,000 living in the capital city, Tskhinvali. As of 2024, only five members of the United Nations (UN) recognise South Ossetia as a sovereign stateRussia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria. The Government of Georgia (country), Georgian government and all other UN member states regard South Ossetia as Westphalian system, sovereign territory of Georgia (country), Georgia. The political status of South Ossetia is a central issue of the Georgian–Ossetian conflict and Georgia–Russia relations. The Georgian constitution designates the area as "the former autonomous district of South Ossetia", in reference to the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abkhazia
Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a List of states with limited recognition, partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It covers and has a population of around 245,000. Its capital and largest city is Sukhumi. The political status of Abkhazia is a central issue of the Abkhazia conflict and Georgia–Russia relations. Abkhazia has been International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, recognised as an independent state only by 5 states: Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria. Georgia (country), Georgia and other countries consider Abkhazia as a Georgia's sovereign territory.Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation, 2003, .Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. . Lacking effective control over the Abkhazian territ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member states—30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is . The organization's strategic concepts include Deterrence theory, deterrence. NATO headquarters, NATO's main headquarter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flat Tax
A flat tax (short for flat-rate tax) is a tax with a single rate on the taxable amount, after accounting for any deductions or exemptions from the tax base. It is not necessarily a fully proportional tax. Implementations are often progressive due to exemptions, or regressive in case of a maximum taxable amount. There are various tax systems that are labeled "flat tax" even though they are significantly different. The defining characteristic is the existence of only one tax rate other than zero, as opposed to multiple non-zero rates that vary depending on the amount subject to taxation. A flat tax system is usually discussed in the context of an income tax, where progressivity is common, but it may also apply to taxes on consumption, property or transfers. Major categories Flat tax proposals differ in how the subject of the tax is defined. True flat-rate income tax A true flat-rate tax is a system of taxation where one tax rate is applied to all personal income with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Movement - Democrats
United National Movement (UNM; ka, ერთიანი ნაციონალური მოძრაობა, tr) also colloquially known as the Natsebi is a liberal conservative political party in Georgia. Tina Bokuchava serves as the party's chairman, while its honorary chairman Mikheil Saakashvili is considered the de facto leader. UNM's electoral number is 5. UNM was founded by Mikheil Saakashvili in 2001, in opposition to Eduard Shevardnadze's government, rising to power following the Rose Revolution in 2003. During its nine-year rule, UNM implemented several major reforms. The government focused on rooting out corruption and crime, establishing a free market economy, pursuing a pro-Western foreign policy, and regaining territorial integrity. The latter two put it in direct conflict with Russia exploding into a full-on war in 2008 that resulted in 20% of Georgia's territory being occupied by Russia to this day. During its second term, accusations mounted over UNM's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Georgian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia (country), Georgia on 2 November 2003 alongside a 2003 Georgian constitutional referendum, constitutional referendum. According to statistics released by the Georgian Election Commission, the elections were won by a combination of parties supporting President Eduard Shevardnadze. However, the results were annulled by the Georgia Supreme Court after the Rose Revolution on 25 November, following allegations of widespread electoral fraud and large public protests which led to the resignation of Shevardnadze. 2004 Georgian parliamentary election, Fresh elections were held on 28 March 2004. Parties "For a New Georgia" was the electoral bloc that supported President Eduard Shevardnadze. The Revival Party was an ally of Shevardnadze. The National Movement (NM) was the party of opposition leader Mikhail Saakashvili. Conduct Reports of violence, voter intimidation and ballot stuffing, ballot box stuffing began coming in shortly after the polli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Revolution
The Rose Revolution or Revolution of Roses ( ka, ვარდების რევოლუცია, tr) was a nonviolent change of power that occurred in Georgia in November 2003. The event was brought about by widespread protests over the disputed parliamentary elections and culminated in the resignation of President Eduard Shevardnadze, which marked the end of Soviet-era leadership in the country. The revolution derives its name from the climactic moment, when demonstrators led by Mikheil Saakashvili stormed the Parliament session with red roses in hand. The revolution was led by Shevardnadze's former political allies, Mikheil Saakashvili, Nino Burjanadze and Zurab Zhvania. Consisting of twenty days of protests from 3 to 23 November 2003, the Revolution triggered new presidential and parliamentary elections in Georgia, which brought the National Movement– Democrats coalition to the power. The death of Zurab Zhvania in uncertain circumstances and the withdrawal of Nin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Liberalism
Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production. Adam Smith is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism, and his writing is generally regarded as representing the economic expression of 19th-century liberalism up until the Great Depression and rise of Keynesianism in the 20th century. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to feudalism and mercantilism. Economic liberalism is associated with markets and private ownership of capital assets. Economic liberals tend to oppose government intervention and protectionism in the market economy when it inhibits free trade and competition, but tend to support government intervention where it protects property rights, opens new markets or funds market growth, and resolves market failures. An economy that is managed according to these precepts may be described as a liberal economy or o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 Georgian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia (country), Georgia on 28 March 2004. They followed the partial annulment of the 2003 Georgian parliamentary election, November 2003 parliamentary elections, which were widely believed to have been rigged by the former President Eduard Shevardnadze. New elections for the 150 seats elected by proportional representation were ordered following the resignation of Shevardnadze and 2004 Georgian presidential election, the election of new president Mikhail Saakashvili in January 2004. The results of the 75 seats elected in single-member constituencies in 2003 were not annulled. The elections were won by the United National Movement (Georgia), National Movement–Burjanadze-Democrats, Democrats, which won 135 of the 150 proportional seats, giving it control of 153 of the 235 seats. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industry Will Save Georgia
Industry Will Save Georgia ( ka, მრეწველობა გადაარჩენს საქართველოს, tr) is a center-right political party in Georgia. History The party was founded in 1999 by Gogi Topadze, the proprietor of a big beer and drinks company (Kazbegi), and gathered pro-business and industrial lobbyists. Its main objective was to change the country's economic policy, especially by fighting the influence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The party took part in the 1999 parliamentary elections and won 15 seats, making it the third-strongest party. Even though it was not part of the government, it co-operated with then-ruling Citizens' Union of Georgia (CUG) of President Eduard Shevardnadze and did not constitute a firm opposition. During the 2004 legislative election, the party was part of the Rightist Opposition alliance, together with the New Rights party. The coalition won 23 seats, making it the second force in parliament, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
