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Richard Martin (Irish Politician)
Colonel Richard Martin (15 January 1754 – 6 January 1834), was an Irish politician and campaigner against cruelty to animals. He was known as Humanity Dick, a nickname bestowed on him by King George IV. He succeeded in getting the pioneering Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822, nicknamed 'Martin's Act', passed into British law. Early life Martin was born at Dangan in County Galway, the only son of Robert Martin FitzAnthony of Birch Hall, County Galway, and Bridget Barnwall, a daughter of Robert Barnewall, 12th Baron Trimlestown. He was raised at Dangan House, situated on the Corrib River, four miles upriver from the town of Galway. His father's family were Jacobites and one of "The Tribes of Galway," fourteen merchant families who ruled Galway from the 14th to 17th centuries. The Barnwalls were an ennobled family of Norman descent based in the counties of Dublin, Kildare and Meath in Leinster. Bridget Barnwall died when Richard was nine years old. Richard's father later marr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Member Of Parliament (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a Member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Electoral system All 650 members of the UK House of Commons are elected using the first-past-the-post voting system in single member United Kingdom Parliament constituencies, constituencies across the whole of the United Kingdom, where each constituency has its own single representative. Elections All MP positions become simultaneously vacant for elections held on a five-year cycle, or when a snap election is called. Since the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, Parliament is automatically dissolved once five years have elapsed from its first meeting after an election. If a Vacancy (economics), vacancy arises at another time, due to death or Resignation from the British House of Commons, resignation, then a constituency vacancy may be filled by a by-election. Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of France
The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from the High Middle Ages to 1848 during its dissolution. It was also an early French colonial empire, colonial power, with colonies in Asia and Africa, and the largest being New France in North America geographically centred around the Great Lakes. The Kingdom of France was descended directly from the West Francia, western Frankish realm of the Carolingian Empire, which was ceded to Charles the Bald with the Treaty of Verdun (843). A branch of the Carolingian dynasty continued to rule until 987, when Hugh Capet was elected king and founded the Capetian dynasty. The territory remained known as ''Francia'' and its ruler as ('king of the Franks') well into the High Middle Ages. The first king calling himself ('King of France') was Philip II of Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was a political ideology advocating the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British throne. When James II of England chose exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England ruled he had "abandoned" the English throne, which was given to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and his nephew, her husband William III of England, William III. On the same basis, in April the Convention of Estates (1689), Scottish Convention awarded Mary and William the throne of Scotland. The Revolution created the principle of a contract between monarch and people, which if violated meant the monarch could be removed. A key tenet of Jacobitism was that kings were appointed by God, making the post-1688 regime illegitimate. However, it also functioned as an outlet for popular discontent, and thus was a complex mix of ideas, many opposed by the Stuarts themselves. Conflict between Charles Edward Stuar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galway
Galway ( ; , ) is a City status in Ireland, city in (and the county town of) County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. It is the most populous settlement in the province of Connacht, the List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population, fifth most populous city on the island of Ireland and the List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland, fourth most populous in the Republic of Ireland, with a population at the 2022 census of Ireland, 2022 census of 85,910. Located near an earlier settlement, Galway grew around a fortification built by the List of kings of Connacht, King of Connacht in 1124. A municipal charter in 1484 allowed citizens of the by then walled city to form a Galway City Council, council and mayoralty. Controlled largely by a group of merchant families, the Tribes of Galway, the city grew into a trading port. Following a period of decline, as of the 21st century, Galway is a tourist destination known for festivals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corrib River
The River Corrib (Irish language, Irish: ''Abhainn na Gaillimhe'') in the west of Ireland flows from Lough Corrib through Galway to Galway Bay. The river is among the shortest in Europe, with only a length of six kilometres from the lough to the Atlantic. It is popular with local whitewater kayaking, whitewater kayakers as well as several rowing clubs and pleasure craft. The depth of this river reaches up to 94 feet. The Corrib drains a catchment area of 3,138 km2. Although the Corrib is one of Ireland's shortest rivers, it has a mean long-term flow rate of 104.8 m3/s, making it Ireland's second-largest river (by flow), only surpassed by the River Shannon. Naming The translation of the Irish name of the river is ''Galway river'' i.e. from ''Gaillimh''. In Irish it is sometimes called ''An Ghaillimh'' ("the Galway") and also incorrectly called ''Abhainn na Coiribe''. The legend concerning its naming states that it was called after Gaillimh inion Breasail, the daughter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Barnewall, 12th Baron Trimlestown
Robert Barnewall, 12th Baron Trimlestown (''c.''1704 – 6 December 1779) was a prominent Anglo-Irish landowner, active in the Roman Catholic cause. Early life Robert was the eldest son of John Barnewall, 11th Baron Trimlestown (1672–1746). Robert's mother, John's wife and cousin, was Mary or Margaret Barnewall (died 1771), daughter of Sir John Barnewall (Recorder of Dublin), Sir John Barnewall, Recorder of Dublin and Thomasine Preston, daughter of Viscount Tara. Robert had two surviving younger brothers, including the short-lived soldier Anthony Barnewall, all three being educated privately. Robert travelled abroad extensively in his youth, studying botany and medicine.O'Brien (2004) Return to Ireland Barnewall returned home to Trimlestown Castle in Ireland in 1746 when he inherited his title and quickly became known for his stylish living and hospitality, extending generous help to local poor people. By 1746, Catholics in Ireland were wholly Suffrage, disenfranchised by a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruel Treatment Of Cattle Act 1822
The Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822 ( 3 Geo. 4. c. 71) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom with the long title "An Act to prevent the cruel and improper Treatment of Cattle"; it is sometimes known as Martin's Act, after the MP and animal welfare campaigner Richard Martin. It is the first known piece of animal welfare legislation in the world. The act listed " ox, cow, heifer, steer, sheep, or other cattle". This was held not to include bulls. A further act, the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 ( 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 59, s. 2) extended the wording of this act to remedy the issue.''The Rights of Persons, According to the Text of Blackstone: Incorporating the Alterations Down to the Present Time'', Sir William Blackstone and James Stewart, 1839, p. 79. This act was repealed and superseded by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1849. See also * Animal welfare in the United Kingdom Animal welfare in the United Kingdom relates to the treatment of animals in fields such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King George IV
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830. At the time of his accession to the throne, he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III, having done so since 5 February 1811 during his father's final mental illness. George IV was the eldest child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. He commissioned John Nash (architect), John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace, and commissioned Jeffry Wyatville to rebuild Windsor Castle. George's charm and culture earned him the title "the first gentleman of England", but his dissolute way of life and poor relationships with his parents and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, earned him the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel (United Kingdom)
Colonel (Col) is a rank of the British Army and Royal Marines, ranking below Brigadier (United Kingdom), brigadier, and above Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom), lieutenant colonel. British colonels are not usually field commanders; typically they serve as Staff (military), staff officers between field commands at battalion and brigade level. The insignia is two diamond-shaped British Army officer rank insignia, pips (properly called Order of the Bath, "Bath Stars") below a crown. The crown has varied in the past with different monarchs; Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II's reign used St Edward's Crown. The rank is equivalent to Captain (Royal Navy), captain in the Royal Navy and group captain in the Royal Air Force. Etymology The rank of colonel was popularised by the tercios that were employed in the Spanish Army during the 16th and 17th centuries. General Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba divided his troops into ''coronelías'' (meaning "column of soldiers" from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Volunteers (18th Century)
The Volunteers (also known as the Irish Volunteers) were militia units raised by local initiative in Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland in 1778. Their original purpose was to guard against invasion and to preserve law and order after much of the Irish Army (1661–1801), Irish Army was sent to fight abroad as part of the American Revolutionary War, American War of Independence and the Dublin Castle administration failed to expand the militia. Taking advantage of the Parliament of Great Britain's preoccupation with the American War of Independence, the Volunteers were able to pressure them into conceding legislative independence to the Parliament of Ireland. Members of the Belfast Volunteers laid the foundations for the establishment of the Society of United Irishmen. The majority of the Volunteers, however, were Unionism in Ireland, unionists, and later helped to suppress the Irish Rebellion of 1798.Ulster Museum, History of Belfast exhibition According to historian Thomas Bartlett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeomanry
Yeomanry is a designation used by a number of units and sub-units in the British Army Reserve which are descended from volunteer cavalry regiments that now serve in a variety of different roles. History Origins In the 1790s, following the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, the perceived threat of invasion of the Kingdom of Great Britain was high. To improve the country's defences, Volunteer regiments were raised in many counties from yeomen. While the word "yeoman" in normal use meant a small farmer who owned his land, Yeomanry officers were drawn from the nobility or the landed gentry, and many of the men were the officers' tenants or had other forms of obligation to the officers. At its formation, the force was referred to as the Yeomanry Cavalry. Members of the yeomanry were not obliged to serve overseas without their individual consent. Early 19th century During the first half of the nineteenth century, Yeomanry Regiments were used extensively in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at Oxford or Cambridge. Trinity has some of the most distinctive architecture in Cambridge with its Trinity Great Court, Great Court said to be the largest enclosed courtyard in Europe. Academically, Trinity performs exceptionally as measured by the Tompkins Table (the annual unofficial league table of Cambridge colleges), coming top from 2011 to 2017, and regaining the position in 2024. Members of Trinity have been awarded 34 Nobel Prizes out of the 121 received by members of the University of Cambridge (more than any other Oxford or Cambridge college). Members of the college have received four Fields Medals, one Turing Award and one Abel Prize. Trinity alumni include Francis Bacon, six British Prime Minister of the United Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
