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Reynistaður
Reynistaður, previously (“Site in Reynisnes”), is a town in Skagafjörður—a fjord in the north of Iceland. Reynistaður is the location of an old manor. Þorfinnur karlsefni (“the makings of a man”) was from Reynistaður and lived there for some time with his wife, Guðríður Þorbjarnardóttir after they returned from Vinland. During the Age of the Sturlungs, it was one of the residences of the Ásbirningar family clan. Kolbeinn kaldaljós (“cold light”) Arnórsson, also called Staðar-Kolbeinn, lived there as did his son Brandur Kolbeinsson later on. Gissur Þorvaldsson later acquired Reynistaður, which was said to have become the jarl's residence because Gissur had received the title of ''jarl''. Gissur donated Reynistaður for the establishment of a convent. He died in 1268, but the Reynistaður Abbey was not established until 1295; it operated until the Reformation. Although the abbey was eventually closed down, the nuns received permission to live out the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skagafjörður (municipality)
Skagafjörður () is a municipality that covers most of the land area of the region around the fjord with the same name (see Skagafjörður for details on the region) in northern Iceland. Overview The municipality was created in 1998 when 11 out of the 12 municipalities in Skagafjörður held votes on whether they should merge or not. The merge was approved in all the municipalities that held the vote. Akrahreppur was the only municipality in Skagafjörður that did not participate. In February 2022, residents of Akrahreppur and Skagafjörður voted to merge into a single municipality; the merger will be formalized in the spring of 2022. The merge joined the town of Sauðárkrókur, the villages of Hofsós and Varmahlíð and several rural districts. It also includes the historic cathedral site of Hólar which is the site of a growing university today. Localities * Ábær * Hofsós * Hólar * Keta * Miklibær * Reynistaður * Sauðárkrókur * Silfrastaðir * Varmah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Thorfinn Karlsefni Thórdarson was an Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010, he followed Leif Eriksson's route to Vinland in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with his wife Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir and their followers. Nickname The byname ''Karlsefni'' means "makings of a man" according to the preface of Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson, although the Cleasby-Vigfusson dictionary glosses it as "a thorough man", elaborated elsewhere as a "real man", a "sterling man". History Thorfinn's expeditions are documented in the '' Grœnlendinga saga'' ("Saga of the Greenlanders" henceforth Grl.) and '' Eiríks saga rauða'' ("Saga of Eirik the Red" Henceforth Eir.),Manuscripts of ''Eiríks saga rauða'' are indicated by the sigla: A=Hauksbok, B=AM 557=Skálholtsbók in which together are referred to as "The Vinland Sagas." The two sources differ significantly in their details (see Saga sources below). Greenland In Greenland, Thorfinn met and mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the region's westernmost and most list of countries and dependencies by population density, sparsely populated country. Its Capital city, capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents (excluding nearby towns/suburbs, which are separate municipalities). The official language of the country is Icelandic language, Icelandic. Iceland is on a rift between Plate tectonics, tectonic plates, and its geologic activity includes geysers and frequent Types of volcanic eruptions, volcanic eruptions. The interior consists of a volcanic plateau with sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, and many Glacial stream, glacial rivers flow to the sea through the Upland and lowland, lowlands. Iceland i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reynistaðarklaustur
Reynistaðarklaustur (Modern Icelandic: ; Old Norse: ) or Reynistathir abbey was a Catholic monastery in Iceland, belonging to the Order of Saint Benedict and active from 1295 until 1562, when it was closed down during the Icelandic Reformation It was one of nine monasteries on the island, and one out of only two to house nuns, the other one being Kirkjubæjar Abbey. Located in Skagafjörður, it fell under the authority of the Bishop of Hólar. When Jarl Gissur Þorvaldsson died in 1268, he donated his holdings in Reynistaðar to the Catholic Church, to house a religious community. It took three decades for this to happen, when finally Bishop Jörundur Þorsteinsson – together with Hallbera Þorsteinsdóttir, later Abbess, and a number of other wealthy women – took the initiative to found the convent once and for all. Some of Hallbera's successors include Guðný Helgadóttir, Oddbjörg Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Örnólfsdóttir, Þórunn Ormsdóttir, Þóra Finnsdóttir, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of Iceland
The National Museum of Iceland ( Icelandic: ''Þjóðminjasafn Íslands'' ) was established on 24 February 1863, with Jón Árnason the first curator of the Icelandic collection, previously kept in Danish museums. Collections The second curator, Sigurður Guðmundsson, advocated the creation of an antiquarian collection. The museum was called the ''Antiquarian Collection'' until 1911 when its name changed to the National Museum of Iceland. Before settling at its present location, at Suðurgata 41, 101 Reykjavík Reykjavík is the Capital city, capital and largest city in Iceland. It is located in southwestern Iceland on the southern shore of Faxaflói, the Faxaflói Bay. With a latitude of 64°08′ N, the city is List of northernmost items, the worl ..., in 1950, it was housed in various Reykjavík attics, including in the attic of the Culture House for 40 years. The museum's permanent exhibit is about Icelandic history and includes about 2,000 objects. A key object ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sod House
The sod house or soddy was a common alternative to the log cabin during frontier settlement of the Great Plains of North America in the 1800s and early 1900s. Primarily used at first for animal shelters, corrals, and fences, they came into use also to house humans, for the prairie often lacked standard building materials such as wood or stone, while sod from thickly rooted prairie grass was abundant and free and could be used for house construction. Prairie grass has a much thicker, tougher root structure than a modern lawn. Construction of a sod house involved cutting patches of sod in triangles and piling them into walls. Builders employed a variety of roofing methods. Sod houses accommodated normal doors and windows. The resulting structure featured less expensive materials and was quicker to build than a wood-frame house, but required frequent maintenance and was vulnerable to rain damage, especially if the roof was also primarily of sod. Stucco was sometimes used to protec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stave Church
A stave church is a medieval wooden Christian church building once common in north-western Europe. The name derives from the building's structure of post and lintel construction, a type of timber framing where the load-bearing ore-pine posts are called ''stafr'' in Old Norse (''stav'' in modern Norwegian). Two related church building types also named for their structural elements, the post church and palisade church, are often called 'stave churches'. Originally much more widespread, most of the surviving stave churches are in Norway. The only remaining medieval stave churches outside Norway are: Hedared stave church () in Sweden and the Vang Stave Church which was built in Norway and relocated in 1842 to contemporary Karpacz in the Karkonosze mountains of Poland. One other church, the Anglo-Saxon Greensted Church in England, exhibits many similarities with a stave church but is generally considered a palisade church. Construction Archaeological excavations have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einar Benediktsson
Einar Benediktsson, often referred to as Einar Ben (31 October 1864 – 12 January 1940) was an Icelandic poet and lawyer. Einar Benediktsson's poetry was a significant contribution to the nationalistic revival which led to Iceland's independence. To this end, he was active both in founding the Landvarnarflokkurinn in 1902, and as the editor of Iceland's first daily newspaper, Dagskrá, from 1896 to 1898. As a poet, he may be classified as a Neo-romanticism, Neo-Romantic. He advocated for Greenland to become part of an independent Iceland. He pioneered as a strong advocate of inward foreign investment to utilize Iceland's natural resources. In 1906 he joined the management of two companies, Skjálfanda and Gigant, formed to build and operate hydroelectric power plants, particularly the northern waterfalls of the Skjálfandafljót and Jökulsá á Fjöllum rivers. Fund raising began, but there was opposition from people who objected to foreign involvement. In 1914 Einar Benedikt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sýslumaður
(; plural: ; , , ) is a governmental office or title used in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Norway. The position originated in Norway in the Middle Ages, where it was used as a noble title, and the was granted a fief called a '' sýsla'' (plural: ) in which he was responsible for collecting tolls, taxes and fines, upholding the law and military defences. He was also to hold courts of justice and name men to sit on juries. He sometimes also assigned fiefs to a ''lensmann''. The system was established in the 12th century by Sverre of Norway to help consolidate his power following the Battle of Fimreite. As Norse influence spread, so did the system, reaching into Iceland and the Faroe Islands, as well as Orkney and Shetland. Today, a or (often translated into English as 'district commissioner', 'sheriff', 'magistrate', or 'governor') handles a variety of governmental responsibilities in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Iceland The office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oddur Gottskálksson
Oddur Gottskálksson (1495/1496 – 1556) was the translator of the first book printed in Icelandic, the New Testament. Oddur was born in Hólar where his father, Gottskálk grimmi Nikulásson was bishop. After his father died in 1520, Oddur was sent to live with his paternal family in Bergen, Norway. When he was a young adult, he went to study in Germany, where he became acquainted with the ideas of the Protestant Reformation. Before 1535, he returned to Iceland to serve as a scribe for the Catholic Bishop of Skálholt, Ögmundur Pálsson. It was there that he befriended Gissur Einarsson and other Reform-minded clergy and began his translation of the New Testament. According to Oddur's own account, he did his translation work secretly in a barn: ''"Jesus, Our Redeemer, was laid in a donkey's crib, but now I lay in a barn to put his Word in my native language."'' Oddur's translation of the New Testament was published with the approval of King Christian III and the Church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe. The Reformation is usually dated from Martin Luther's publication of the ''Ninety-five Theses'' in 1517, which gave birth to Lutheranism. Prior to Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers, there were Proto-Protestantism, earlier reform movements within Western Christianity. The end of the Reformation era is disputed among modern scholars. In general, the Reformers argued that justification (theology), justification was sola fide, based on faith in Jesus alone and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarl
Jarl was a rank of the nobility in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. The institution evolved over time and varied by region. In Old Norse, it meant "chieftain", specifically one appointed to rule a territory in a king's stead. It could also denote a sovereign prince. For example, during the Viking age, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway held the title of ''jarl'', often wielding no less power than their neighboring kings. In later medieval Sweden and Norway, there was typically only one jarl in the kingdom, second in authority only to the king. The title became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by the rank of duke (''hertig''/''hertug''/''hertog''). The word is etymologically related to the English ''earl''. Etymology The term ''jarl'' (, Old Swedish: ''iarl'', ''iærl'', Old Danish: ''jærl'') has been connected to various similar words across Germanic languages, such as Proto-Norse ''eril,'' Old English ''eorl'' (meaning warr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
