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Republic Of The Escartons
The Republic of the Escartons (Italian: ''Repubblica degli Escartons''; French: ''République des Écartons'') was a collection of mountain territories located around Mount Viso in the Briançonnais (natural region), Briançonnais, with territory between Marseille and Turin. It consisted of a set of mountain territories in what is now the French department of Hautes-Alpes, the Italian province of Turin and the province of Cuneo. It was named after its capital. ''Escarton'' corresponds to an Occitan language, Occitan term for a small region, and in French 'écarter' means 'to divide', specifically 'to divide taxes into quarters'. The republic enjoyed fiscal and political privileges from the French and although not very large, it had more than forty thousand inhabitants. Every year the leaders of various countries forming the Republic met in council to elect a consul as its leader. Guigues VII of Viennois conceded the inhabitants of Briançon a charter of liberty in 1244, which was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Viso
Monte Viso or Monviso (; ; or simply ) is the highest mountain of the Cottian Alps, located in Piedmont, Italy, close to the French border. Monte Viso is well known for its pyramid-like shape. Because it is higher than all its neighbouring peaks by about 500 m, it can be seen from a great distance, including from the Piedmontese plateau, the Langhe, the Theodulpass in the Zermatt ski area, the Col du Galibier and the summits of the Mont Blanc massif. On a very clear day, it can be seen from the spires of Milan Cathedral. It has been suggested that Monte Viso could be one of the mountains which inspired the Paramount Pictures, Paramount logo, even though the company has denied the claims. In Italy it is also known as ("the Stone King") because of its prominence within the western Italian Alps. It was declared a cross-border UNESCO biosphere reserve in 2013. The longest river of Italy, River Po, is born at the mountain's foot. Geography On the northern slopes of Monte Vis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beauvoir-en-Royans
Beauvoir-en-Royans is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. Population See also *Communes of the Isère department *Parc naturel régional du Vercors The Vercors Regional Natural Park (French: ''Parc naturel régional du Vercors'') is a protected area of forested mountains in the Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region of southeastern France. Geography Set upon a limestone plateau south of Gr ... References Communes of Isère Isère communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Grenoble-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1789 Disestablishments In France
Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election and House of Representatives elections are held. * January 9 – Treaty of Fort Harmar: The terms of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) and the Treaty of Fort McIntosh, between the United States Government and certain native American tribes, are reaffirmed, with some minor changes. * January 21 – The first American novel, ''The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in Boston, Massachusetts. The anonymous author is William Hill Brown. * January 23 – Georgetown University is founded in Georgetown, Maryland (part of modern-day Washington, D.C.), as the first Roman Catholic college in the United States. * January 29 – In Vietnam, Emperor Quang Trung crushes the Chinese Qing forces in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1340s Establishments In The Holy Roman Empire
134 may refer to: *134 (number) *AD 134 *134 BC *134 (MBTA bus) *134 (New Jersey bus) 134 may refer to: *134 (number) *AD 134 *134 BC *134 (MBTA bus) The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority MBTA bus, bus division operates 151 bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to Massachusetts Bay ... * 134 Sophrosyne, a main-belt asteroid {{numberdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1343 Establishments In Europe
Year 1343 (Roman numerals, MCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 14 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, subsequently, the first Archbishop of Prague. * January 27 – Pope Clement VI issues his bull ''Unigenitus'', defining the doctrine of "The Treasury of Merits" or "The Treasury of the Church" as the basis for the issuance of indulgences by the Catholic Church. * April 23 – The St. George's Night Uprising begins in Danish Estonia, Estonia. * May 4 – St. George's Night Uprising: The "Four Estonian kings" are murdered, at the negotiations with the Livonian Order. * August 15 – Magnus IV of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway, in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. However, Haakon is still a minor, allowing Magnus to remain de facto ruler. * August 31 – A naval league is formed between the Pope, the Republic of Venice, the Knights ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaty, peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and had involved much of Europe for over a decade. Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V of Spain, Philip V (grandson of King Louis XIV of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe. The treaties between several European states, including History of Spain (1700–1810), Spain, Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain, Kingdom of France, France, Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal, Duchy of Savoy, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XVI Of France
Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir-apparent of Louis XV, King Louis XV), and Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, Maria Josepha of Saxony, Louis became the new Dauphin of France, Dauphin when his father died in 1765. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette. He became King of France and Navarre on his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, and reigned until the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy, abolition of the monarchy on 21 September 1792. From 1791 onwards, he used the style of king of the French. The first part of Louis XVI's reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightened absolutism, Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to increase Edict of Versailles, tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as abolishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles V Of France
Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (; ), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380. His reign marked an early high point for France during the Hundred Years' War as his armies recovered much of the territory held by the English and successfully reversed the military losses of his predecessors. Charles became regent of France when his father John II of France, John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. To pay for the defense of the kingdom, Charles raised taxes. As a result, he faced hostility from the French nobility, nobility, led by Charles II of Navarre, Charles the Bad, List of Navarrese monarchs, King of Navarre; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie, which was channeled through the Estates General (France), Estates-General led by Étienne Marcel; and with a peasant revolt known as the Jacquerie. Charles overcame all of these rebellions, but in order to liberate his father, he had to conclude the Treaty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letters Patent
Letters patent (plurale tantum, plural form for singular and plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, President (government title), president or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, government-granted monopoly, monopoly, title or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations, government offices, to grant city status or heraldry, coats of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as governors and governor-general, governors-general of Commonwealth realms, as well as appointing a Royal Commission. In the United Kingdom, they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern intellectual property patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law) granting exclusive rights in an invention or design. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humbert II Of Viennois
Humbert II de la Tour-du-Pin (1312 – 4 May 1355) was the Dauphin of the Viennois from 1333 to 16 July 1349. Humbert was the last dauphin before the title went to the French crown, to be bestowed on the heir apparent. Character Humbert was a son of Dauphin John II of Viennois and Beatrice of Hungary. To contemporaries, he was incompetent and extravagant, lacking the warlike ardour of his brother. He passed his youth at Naples enjoying the aesthetic pleasures of the Italian ''trecento''. His subsequent court at Beauvoir-en-Royans had a reputation for extravagance. Unlike his predecessors, Humbert was not itinerant, moving continually from one dauphinal castle to another, instead preferring to settle in Beauvoir. He depleted his treasury rather than institute oppressive taxes. War and politics When Humbert inherited the Dauphiné on the death of his brother Guigues VIII in 1333, they were at war with Aymon, Count of Savoy. Within a year, King Philip VI of France was abl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Briançonnais (natural Region)
Briançonnais may refer to: *the people of Briançon Briançon (, ) is the sole Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an a ... *, a natural region of France * Briançonnais zone, a piece of continental crust See also * Republic of the Escartons, sometimes called the Briançonnais {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guigues VII Of Viennois
Guigues VII (1225–1269), of the House of Burgundy, was the dauphin of Vienne and count of Albon, Grenoble, Oisans, Briançon, Embrun, and Gap from 1237 to his death. He was the son of Andrew Guigues VI and Beatrice of Montferrat. When his father died, his mother helped guide the leadership of the new Dauphin. He fought great contests over the counties of Embrun and Gap with Charles, Count of Provence and Forcalquier. Those counties were the dowry of his father's first wife, Beatrice of Forcalquier. Guigues VI had repudiated his first wife and married a second, giving the counties of his former wife to the son of his second: Guigues VII. Charles, as heir to the county of Forcalquier, claimed the counties. A compromise was eventually reached whereby Guigues retained Embrun, but Charles received Gap. In 1239, the young Dauphin entered negotiations to marry Cecile of Baux with the help of his ally, Raymond VII of Toulouse. Cecile's father, Barral later claimed that he o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
