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René Laforgue
René Laforgue (; 5 November 18946 March 1962) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Biography Laforgue was born in Thann, Haut-Rhin, Thann (then part of the German Empire) and died in Paris. He studied medicine in Berlin. Nazi His collaboration, like Georges Mauco, with the Nazis over the Aryanisation of the society in Paris during the Occupation in World War Two cast something of a shadow over his later career. He organized himself with the active Nazi Matthias Göring, cousin of Hermann Göring, who was the propagator of aryan psychotherapy and aryan psychoanalysis, Nazi-oriented. He was convicted during a purge trial after the Second World War. René Laforgue went into exile in Morocco to be forgotten in Casablanca, where he expresses mysticism and racism. In the year of his death, 1962, he was removed from the roster of training analysts by the International Psychoanalytical Association. Psychoanalysis In 1919, he wrote a thesis on "The Affects in Schizophrenia Pati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gambling
Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of Value (economics), value ("the stakes") on a Event (probability theory), random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy (game theory), strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three elements to be present: consideration (an amount wagered), risk (chance), and a prize. The outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a horse crossing the finish line, but longer time frames are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an entire sports season. The term "gaming" in this context typically refers to instances in which the activity has been specifically permitted by law. The two words are not mutually exclusive; ''i.e.'', a "gaming" company offers (legal) "gambling" activities to the public and may be regulated by one of many gaming control boards, for example, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliette Favez-Boutonnier
Juliet Favez-Boutonnier (24 January 1903, Roquefort-les-Pins – 13 April 1994, Paris) was a French academic, psychologist and psychoanalyst. Career After writing successive theses on ambivalence and angst, Favez-Boutonnier became a member of the SFP in the tradition of Pierre Janet, working to have psychoanalysis accepted in academia as a form of psychology. Having backed Margaret Clark-Williams in her dispute with the medical profession over lay analysis, in 1953 she joined Daniel Lagache in splitting from the SFP in protest over what they saw as over-medicalised training procedures. In 1964 she would return with him to the shelter of the IPA in the newly formed Association psychoanalytique de France. In the wake of the May 1968 events in France May 68 () was a period of widespread protests, strikes, and civil unrest in France that began in May 1968 and became one of the most significant social uprisings in modern European history. Initially sparked by student demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelo Hesnard
Angelo Louis Marie Hesnard (or Angel Marie Louis Hesnard; 22 May 1886, Pontivy – 17 April 1969, Rochefort) was a French born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, and was an important figure in 1930s French sexology. Life and career Coming from an impoverished background, Hesnard educated himself through the French navy; and it was a naval doctor that he co-authored the first book on Freud in French in 1914. Despite never being analysed, Hesnard was a founding member of the Paris Psychoanalytic Society, the first French psychoanalytics institution. Loyal to Vichy France in the war, Hesnard continued to serve in the navy, and was in French North Africa when he wrote his notorious article of 'The Jewishness of Sigmund Freud'/ In the fifties he debated with Jacques Lacan over the meaning of Freud's saying "Where It was, shall I be"; but when debarred by the IPA from the roster of training analysts as a representative of the chauvinist wing of French psychoanalysis, he followed Lacan into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Baudelaire
Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics, and are based on observations of real life. His most famous work, a book of lyric poetry titled '' Les Fleurs du mal'' (''The Flowers of Evil''), expresses the changing nature of beauty in the rapidly industrialising Paris caused by Haussmann's renovation of Paris during the mid-19th century. Baudelaire's original style of prose-poetry influenced a generation of poets including Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé. He coined the term modernity (''modernité'') to designate the fleeting experience of life in an urban metropolis, and the responsibility of artistic expression to capture that experience. Marshall Berman has credited Baudelaire as being the first Modernist. Early life Baudelaire was born in Paris, Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joie De Vivre
( , ; " joy of living") is a French phrase often used in English to express a cheerful enjoyment of life, an exultation of spirit, and general happiness. It "can be a joy of conversation, joy of eating, joy of anything one might do… And ''joie de vivre'' may be seen as a joy of everything, a comprehensive joy, a philosophy of life, a ''Weltanschauung''. Robert's ''Dictionnaire'' says "joie" is , that is, involves one's whole being." Origins and development Casual use of the phrase in French can be dated back at least as far as Fénelon in the late 17th century, but it was only brought into literary prominence in the 19th century, first by Michelet (1857) in his pantheistic work ''Insecte'', to contrast the passive life of plants with animal ''joie de vivre'', and then by Émile Zola in his book of that name from 1883–84. Thereafter, it took on increasing weight as a mode of life, evolving at times almost into a secular religion in the early 20th century; and subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martha Freud
Martha Bernays ( ; ; 26 July 1861 – 2 November 1951) was the wife of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Bernays was the second daughter of Emmeline and Berman Bernays. Her paternal grandfather Isaac Bernays was a Chief Rabbi of Hamburg. Background Martha Bernays was raised in an observant Orthodox Jewish family, the daughter of Berman Bernays (1826–1879) and Emmeline Philipp (1830–1910). Her grandfather, Isaac Bernays, was the chief rabbi of Hamburg and a distant relative of the German Romantic poet Heinrich Heine, who frequently mentioned Isaac in his letters. Isaac's son, Michael Bernays (1834–1897), Martha's uncle, converted to Christianity at an early age and was professor of German at the University of Munich. Although the Bernays and Freud families were well-acquainted – her elder brother Eli married Freud's younger sister, for example – the latter were more liberal Jews, and Freud in particular had no time for ritual observances. Martha told a cousin that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysteria
Hysteria is a term used to mean ungovernable emotional excess and can refer to a temporary state of mind or emotion. In the nineteenth century, female hysteria was considered a diagnosable physical illness in women. It is assumed that the basis for diagnosis operated under the belief that women are predisposed to mental and behavioral conditions; an interpretation of sex-related differences in stress responses. In the twentieth century, it shifted to being considered a mental illness. Influential physicians the likes of Sigmund Freud and Jean-Martin Charcot had dedicated research to hysteria patients. Currently, most physicians do not accept hysteria as a medical diagnosis. The blanket diagnosis of hysteria has been fragmented into myriad medical categories such as epilepsy, histrionic personality disorder, conversion disorders, dissociative disorders, or other medical conditions. Furthermore, lifestyle choices, such as choosing not to wed, are no longer considered symptom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotomization
Scotomization is a psychological term for the mental blocking of unwanted perceptions, analogous to the visual blindness of an actual scotoma. Controversies This term initially was used by Charcot in connection with hysteria. Psychoanalysis Reviving in the 1920s this term, Rene Laforgue and Edouard Pichon introduced the idea of scotomization into psychoanalysis – a move initially welcomed by Freud in 1926 as a useful description of the hysterical avoidance of distressing perceptions. The following year, however, he attacked the term for suggesting that the perception was wholly blotted out (as with a retina's blind spot), whereas his clinical experience showed that on the contrary intense psychic measures had to be taken to keep the unwanted perception out of consciousness. A debate followed between Freud and Laforgue, further illuminated by Pichon's 1928 article on 'The Psychological Significance of Negation in French', where he argued that "The French language expr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Claude
Henri Charles Jules Claude (31 March 1869 – 29 November 1945) was a French psychiatrist and neurologist born in Paris. He studied medicine under Charles-Joseph Bouchard (1837-1915), and was an assistant to Fulgence Raymond (1844-1910) at the Salpêtrière Hospital. From 1922 until 1939, he served as chair of mental illness and brain diseases at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne in Paris, where he was succeeded by Maxime Laignel-Lavastine. Henri Claude played a leading role in introducing Freudian theories of psychoanalysis into French psychiatry. He was responsible for the creation of the first laboratory of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis at the school of medicine at the University of Paris. His name is lent to the eponymous " Claude syndrome", which is a midbrain syndrome characterized by oculomotor palsy on the side of the lesion and ataxia on the opposite side. Also "Claude's hyperkinesis sign" is named after him — a medical sign Signs and symptoms are diagnostic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Janet
Pierre Marie Félix Janet (; ; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory. He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology. He was the first to introduce the link between past experiences and present-day disturbances and was noted for his studies involving induced somnambulism. Biography Janet studied under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Psychological Laboratory in the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. He first published the results of his research in his philosophy thesis in 1889 and in his medical thesis, ''L'état mental des hystériques'', in 1892. He earned a medical doctorate the following year after completing a study on the mental state of hysterics. In 1898, Janet was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne. In 1901, he founded the French Psychological Society and a year later h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
