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Religious Zionist Party
The Religious Zionist Party (), known as Tkuma () until 2021 and officially known as National Union–Tkuma (, ), was a Far-right politics in Israel, far-right, Ultranationalism, ultra-nationalist, Jewish supremacism, Jewish supremacist, and Religious Zionism, religious Zionist List of political parties in Israel, political party in Israel. In all the elections since its founding in 1998, the party had joined other factions and competed as part of a united list. In 2023, the Religious Zionist Party and The Jewish Home agreed to merge to become National Religious Party–Religious Zionism. History Tkuma was established by Hanan Porat and Zvi Hendel in 1998. The pair left the National Religious Party in reaction to the Wye River Memorandum. Almost immediately after the creation of Tkuma, it joined together with Moledet and Herut – The National Movement, to form the National Union (Israel), National Union, a right-wing coalition which won four seats in the 1999 Israeli legislati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bezalel Smotrich
Bezalel Yoel Smotrich (; born 27 February 1980) is an Israeli far-right politician and lawyer who has served as the Minister of Finance since 2022. The leader of the National Religious Party–Religious Zionism, he previously served as a Knesset member for the Jewish Home and Yamina, leaving in 2023 after resigning under the Norwegian Law, allowing him to remain a minister in the government while his seat in the Knesset could be taken by another candidate from his party. Smotrich is a settler in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, living in the settlement of Kedumim, which is illegal under international law. His residence was also built illegally outside the settlement proper. Smotrich's statements, often dubbed "racist" and "homophobic", have led to several controversies. He is a supporter of expanding Israeli settlements in the West Bank, opposes Palestinian statehood, and denies the existence of a Palestinian people. As minister with powers in the occupied Palestini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union (Israel)
The National Union (, ''HaIhud HaLeumi'') was an alliance of right-wing and nationalist political parties in Israel. In its final full form, the alliance consisted of four parties: Moledet, Hatikva, Eretz Yisrael Shelanu, and Tkuma. Leading up to the 2013 Knesset elections, only Tkuma remained, and joined The Jewish Home. During its existence, it had also included Ahi, Herut – The National Movement, the Jewish National Front, and Yisrael Beiteinu. Background The National Union was formed in 1999 to contest the elections of that year as an alliance between Moledet, Tkuma, and Herut – The National Movement, winning four seats. In 2001, the party's support was almost doubled by the addition of the predominantly Russian-immigrant party, Yisrael Beiteinu. After Ariel Sharon won the 2001 Prime Ministerial elections, National Union was brought into the National Unity Government, and party leader Rehavam Zeevi was appointed Minister of Tourism, with Yisrael Beitein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Policy
Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a State (polity), state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and international entities. It encompasses a wide range of objectives, including defense and security, economic benefits, and humanitarian assistance. The formulation of foreign policy is influenced by various factors such as domestic considerations, the behavior of other states, and geopolitical strategies. Historically, the practice of foreign policy has evolved from managing short-term crises to addressing long-term international relations, with diplomatic corps playing a crucial role in its development. The objectives of foreign policy are diverse and interconnected, contributing to a comprehensive approach for each state. Defense and security are often primary goals, with states forming military alliances and employing soft power to combat threats. Economic interests, including trade agreements and foreign aid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle East Institute
The Middle East Institute (MEI) is a non-profit, non-partisan think tank and cultural center in Washington, D.C., founded in 1946. It seeks to "increase knowledge of the Middle East among the United States citizens and promote a better understanding between the people of these two areas." History Founding years In 1946, architect George Camp Keiser strongly believed that the Middle East, a region he had traveled through prior to World War II, should be better understood in the United States, so he brought together a group of like-minded people to form the Middle East Institute in Washington, D.C. His colleagues on the original Board of Governors included Halford L. Hoskins, Director of the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS); Christian A. Herter, then-congressman from Massachusetts and later Dwight Eisenhower's Secretary of State; Ambassador George V. Allen; Harold Glidden, Director of the Islamic Department at the Library of Congress; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Middle East Journal
''The Middle East Journal'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C.). It was established in 1947 and covers research on the modern Middle East, including political, economic, and social developments and historical events in North Africa, the Middle East, Caucasus, and Central Asia. Jacob Passel is the current editor. History The Middle East Institute was founded in 1946 to promote the study of the region in a modern, policy-relevant context. From its outset, one of its priorities was " e editing and publishing of an authoritative journal on Middle Eastern affairs." Accordingly, the first issue of the journal appeared in January 1947. Past Editors * Harvey P. Hall, 1947–1956. * William Sands, 1956–1980. * Richard B. Parker, 1981–1987. * Jean Newsom, 1987–1990. * Christopher Van Hollen Sr., 1990–1992. * Eric Hooglund, 1992–1994. * Mary-Jane Deeb, 1995–1998. * Michael Collins Dunn, 1998–2018. Current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ofir Sofer
Ofir Sofer (; born 1 August 1975) is an Israeli politician. He is currently the Ministry of Aliyah and Integration, Minister of Aliyah and Integration and a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party–Religious Zionism. Sofer is a former Israel Defense Forces, IDF major and is considered a disabled veteran. Afterwards he worked at the Ministry for the Development of the Periphery, the Negev and the Galilee. Political career In 2014, he became secretary general of the Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox-nationalist Tkuma (political party), Tkuma party. When the party joined the Union of Right-Wing Parties alliance for the April 2019 Israeli legislative election, April 2019 Knesset elections, Sofer was placed fourth on the alliances' list, and entered the Knesset when it won five seats. During the 2021 Israeli legislative election, 2021 election he ran in Likud list for the Knesset, as a member of Atid Ehad party, using it as a shelf party. On 14 June he split from Likud and me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noam (political Party)
Noam (, ; officially known as Lazuz) is a far-right Orthodox Jewish, Religious Zionist political party in Israel, officially established in July 2019 by a very conservative faction in the Religious Zionist community inspired by Rabbi Zvi Thau and his Har Hamor yeshiva. The party's main goal is to advance policies against LGBT rights, and against what its backers call "the destruction of the family". Avi Maoz, the party's leader, was elected to the Knesset in 2021, and is the party's sole representative. History Noam was founded in July 2019. Its basis is in rabbi Zvi Thau and his Har Hamor yeshiva. Thau and his followers believed that The Jewish Home, then led by Rafi Peretz, and Tkuma, led by Bezalel Smotrich, hadn't sufficiently advanced Jewish values, particularly in the realm of opposition to LGBT rights, protection of the Shabbat as a day of rest, and the protection of the Orthodox conversion process. Following Thau's disappointment with the Union of the Right-Win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otzma Yehudit
Otzma Yehudit () is a Far-right politics in Israel, far-right, ultranationalist, Kahanism, Kahanist, and Anti-Arab racism, anti-Arab List of political parties in Israel, political party in Israel. It is the ideological descendant of the outlawed Kach (political party), Kach party. The party advocates for the deportation of those who they consider to be the "enemies of Israel", and leader Itamar Ben-Gvir was associated with the original Kach movement, though he now disagrees with the stance of deporting all Arabs from Israel. The party has been widely described in the international press as an extremist, ultranationalist, and racist organisation supporting Jewish supremacy and has been described by multiple sources, including the Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz, as a "Jewish fascist group". Otzma ran independently in the 2013 election and as part of a list with ultra-Orthodox party Yachad (political party), Yachad in 2015. Though in both elections Otzma did not manage to pass the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardal
Hardal (also spelled Chardal; , acronym for , , plural ) usually refers to the portion of the Religious Zionist Jewish community in Israel which inclines significantly toward Haredi ideology (in terms of outlook on the secular world, or in their stringent '' khumra'' approach to ''Halakha''). In their approach to the State of Israel, though, they are mainly Zionist, and believe that Israel is '' Atchalta De'Geula''. Hardal Jews are also known as ''Torani'' (lit., "Torah-oriented"), or ''Torani-Leumi'' ("Torahic Nationalist"). Overview On yeshiva.org.il, "Chardal" is described as, "The people who classify themselves as 'Charedi Leumi', or 'Chardal', try to keep the Mitzvot strictly, ''Kalah Kechamurah'' ight and weighty matters alike while being involved in the national life in the state, and in the settling of Eretz Yisrael". It has also been explained as the "Anglo Orthodox religious sector who follow a Charedi lifestyle, yet may also serve in the army in religious units, atte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Torah, Written and Oral Torah, Oral, as literally revelation, revealed by God in Judaism, God on Mount Sinai (Bible), Mount Sinai and faithfully transmitted ever since. Orthodox Judaism therefore advocates a strict observance of Jewish Law, or ''halakha'', which is to be Posek, interpreted and determined only according to traditional methods and in adherence to the continuum of received precedent through the ages. It regards the entire ''halakhic'' system as ultimately grounded in immutable revelation, essentially beyond external and historical influence. More than any theoretical issue, obeying the Kosher, dietary, Tumah and taharah, purity, ethical and other laws of ''halakha'' is the hallmark of Orthodoxy. Practicing members are easily distinguishable by their lifestyle, refraining from doing 39 Melakhot, numerous rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamina
Yamina or Yemina (; ) was an Israeli political alliance of right-wing parties that originally included the New Right and the Union of Right-Wing Parties (a union of The Jewish Home and Tkuma). The final incarnation of the alliance included only the New Right, as The Jewish Home left the alliance on 14 July 2020, and the Religious Zionist Party left on 20 January 2021. The list was created ahead of the September 2019 Israeli legislative election, in which Yamina secured seven seats in the Knesset. The alliance was expected to split on 6 October, with the New Right as its own faction, while Tkuma and the Jewish Home will stay together, though the alliance continued to negotiate as a single bloc in the aftermath of the election. The meeting on 6 October was postponed, with some citing disagreements on whether Yamina should split, while others referred to it as a "technical" matter. The alliance did split on 10 October 2019, and re-formed on 15 January 2020 in the run-up to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
