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Reichsthaler
The ''Reichsthaler'' (; modern spelling Reichstaler), or more specifically the ''Reichsthaler specie'', was a standard thaler silver coin introduced by the Holy Roman Empire in 1566 for use in all German states, minted in various versions for the next 300 years, and containing 25–26 grams fine silver. ''North German thaler, Reichsthaler'' was also the name of a currency unit worth less than the ''Reichsthaler specie'' introduced by several North German states from the 17th century; discussed separately under ''North German thaler''. Several old books confusingly use the same term ''Reichsthaler'' for the Speciesthaler, specie silver coin as well as the currency unit. This is disambiguated by referring to the full-valued coin as the ''Speciesthaler, Reichsthaler specie'' and the lower-valued currency unit as the ''Reichsthaler currency (courant, kurant)''. History The ''Reichsthaler'' – literally, the ''dollar of the realm'' – was the most successful standard silver coin re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North German Thaler
The North German thaler was a currency used by several states of Northern Germany from 1690 to 1873, first under the Holy Roman Empire, then by the German Confederation. Originally equal to the Reichsthaler specie or silver coin from 1566 until the ''Kipper und Wipper'' crisis of 1618, a ''thaler'' currency unit worth less than the ''Reichsthaler specie'' was first defined in 1667 and became widely used after adoption of the Leipzig currency standard of 1690. After the 1840s, the different North German states made their thalers equal in value to the ''Prussian thaler''; these thalers were then made par to the ''Vereinsthaler'' in 1857. The various North German ''thalers'' and ''vereinsthalers'' were all replaced in 1873 by the ''German gold mark'' at the rate of 3 marks per ''thaler''. Several old books confusingly use the same term Reichsthaler for the ''specie silver coin'' as well as the ''currency unit''. This is disambiguated by referring to the full-valued coin as the ''Rei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaler
A thaler or taler ( ; , previously spelled ) is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A ''thaler'' size silver coin has a diameter of about and a weight of about 25 to 30 grams (roughly 1 ounce). The word is shortened from , the original ''thaler'' coin minted in Joachimsthal, Bohemia, from 1520. While the first standard coin of the Holy Roman Empire was the of 1524, its longest-lived coin was the , which contained Cologne Mark of fine silver (or 25.984 g), and which was issued in various versions from 1566 to 1875. From the 17th century a lesser-valued '' North German thaler'' currency unit emerged, which by the 19th century became par with the . The ''thaler'' silver coin type continued to be minted until the 20th century in the form of the Mexican peso until 1914, the five Swiss franc coin until 1928, the US silver dollar until 1935, and the Austrian Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gutegroschen
The ''Guter Groschen'' ("good ''groschen''"), also ''Gutergroschen'' or ''Gutegroschen'', abbreviation ''Ggr.'', is name of the ''groschen'' coin that was valued at of a ''Reichsthaler'' from the end of the 16th century. It was called a "good ''groschen''" to distinguish it from the lighter ''Mariengroschen'' ("Mary's ''groschen''"), which was only valued at ''Reichsthaler''. The term ''Guter Groschen'' remained common until the middle of the 19th century. History According to the Imperial Circle decision of 1572 the ''groschen'', which depicted an Globus cruciger, orb on the reverse side, were initially valued at 21 to the ''Reichsthaler'', but later 24. These so-called ''Apfelgroschen'' were mainly minted in Northern Germany. During the time of counterfeiting, the Kipper und Wipper, ''Kipper'' and ''Wipper'' period, they were debased. After the ''Kipper'' mints were closed, they were minted as ''Gutegroschen'' with a higher value. The ''Groschen'' name was initiall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conventionsthaler
The or ("Convention "), was a standard silver coin in the Austrian Empire and the southern German states of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-18th to early 19th-centuries. Its most famous example is the Maria Theresa thaler which is still minted today. The was equivalent to a . History The Austrian Empire introduced the Convention currency standard in 1754 to replace the Leipzig standard of 1690, after a drop in the gold–silver price ratio from 15 to 14.5 in the 1730s unleashed a flood of cheaper defined in gold. The Leipzig standard defined the North German thaler currency unit at the specie of 25.984 g, or 19.488 g fine silver. In contrast, in 1741 the gold Friedrich d'or pistole of 6.05 g fine gold was issued for 5 . This resulted in a cheaper Thaler Gold worth 1.21 g fine gold or 1.21 × 14.5 = 17.545 g fine silver. The ( standard, 23.386 g silver) contained of a Cologne Mark and originally corresponded to exactly two ( standard, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speciesthaler
The ''Speciesthaler'', also ''Speciestaler'' or ''Speziestaler'', was a type of silver specie coin that was widespread from the 17th to the 19th century and was based on the ''9-Thaler'' standard of the original ''Reichsthaler''. In Scandinavian sources the term ''Speciesdaler'' is used and, in German sources, the abbreviation ''Species'' was also common. General The 1566 Imperial Minting Ordinance of the Holy Roman Empire stipulated that 9 ''Reichsthalers'' were to be coined a fine Cologne Mark of silver (ca. 234 g). The official ''Reichstaler'' to the ''9-Thaler'' standard thus had a calculated fine silver content of 25.984 g. ''Speciestaler'' was a common name in (Northern) Germany and Scandinavia in the 18th and 19th centuries. The suffix ''-taler'' goes back to the ''Joachimstaler'' ''Guldengroschen''. The prefix ''Species-'' goes back to the Latin word ''species'', "face" or, in Middle Latin, "bust image". ''Speciesthalers'' are mostly silver coins with an embossed head o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guldengroschen
The ''Guldengroschen'' or ''Guldiner'' was a large silver coin originally minted in Tirol in 1486, but which was introduced into the Duchy of Saxony in 1500. The name "''Guldengroschen''" came from the fact that it has an equivalent denomination value in silver relative to that of the '' goldgulden'' (60 '' kreuzer''). In the latter years of the 1470s and early years of the 1480s Sigismund of Austria issued decrees that reformed the poor state of his region's coinage by improving the silver fineness back to a level not seen in centuries (.937 pure) and created denominations larger than the ubiquitous, but fairly low valued ''Groschen'' of 4 to 6 '' Kreuzer'' that were in use. In 1484, small numbers of "half ''guldengroschens''" valued at 30 kreuzer were issued. This was a revolutionary leap in denomination from the smaller pieces, and surpassed even the large '' testones'' of Italy which were the highest weight coins in use. Finally, in 1486 the full sized ''guldengroschen'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rijksdaalder
The ''rijksdaalder'' (; "Imperial dollar") was a Dutch coin first issued by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in the late 16th century during the Dutch Revolt which featured an armored half bust of William the Silent. It was the Dutch counterpart of the Reichsthaler of the Holy Roman Empire (weighing 29.232 grams of 0.889 fine silver) but weighed slightly less, at 29.03 g (448 grains) of 0.885 fine silver, reduced to 0.875 fine by the 17th century. Friesland, Gelderland, Holland, Kampen, Overijssel, Utrecht, West Friesland, Zeeland, and Zwolle minted armored half bust rijksdaalders until the end of the 17th century. 17th century rijksdaalder was set to be equal to from 48 to 50 stuivers (the Dutch equivalent of shillings) and circulated along with silver florins (28 stuivers), daalders (30 stuivers), leeuwendaalders (36 to 42 stuivers; 27.68 g, 0.743 fine), silver ducats (48 stuivers; 28.06 g, 0.868 fine), and ducatons (60 stuivers; 32.46 g, 0.938 fine) silver duca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Guilder
The guilder (, ) or florin was the currency of the Netherlands from 1434 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro. The Dutch name was a Middle Dutch adjective meaning 'golden', and reflects the fact that, when first introduced in 1434, its value was about equal to (i.e., it was on par with) the Italian gold florin. The Dutch guilder was a reserve currency in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Between 1999 and 2002, the guilder was officially a "national subunit" of the euro. However, physical payments could only be made in guilders, as no euro coins or banknotes were available. The exact exchange rate, still relevant for old contracts and for exchange of the old currency for euros at the central bank, is exactly 2.20371 Dutch guilders for 1 euro. Inverted, this gives approximately 0.453780 euros for 1 guilder. Derived from the Dutch guilder are the Netherlands Antillean guilder (still in use in Curaçao and Sint Maarten) and the Surinamese guilder (replaced in 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. For most of its history the Empire comprised the entirety of the modern countries of Germany, Czechia, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Luxembourg, most of north-central Italy, and large parts of modern-day east France and west Poland. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I, OttoI was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groschen
Groschen (; from "thick", via Old Czech ') is the (sometimes colloquial) name for various coins, especially a silver coin used in parts of Europe including Kingdom of France, France, some of the Italian states, and various states of the Holy Roman Empire. The word is borrowed from the late Latin , , a description of a ''tornese''. ''Groschen'' was frequently abbreviated in old documents to ''gl'', in which the second character was not an ''L'' (12th letter of the alphabet), but an abbreviation symbol; later it was written as ''Gr'' or ''g''. Names and etymology The name was introduced in 13th-century France as ', lit. "thick French denier, penny", whence Old French ', Italian ', Middle High German ', Low German and Dutch ' and English ''groat (coin), groat''. In the 14th century, it appeared as Old Czech ', whence Modern German '. Names in other modern languages include: * * * * Bulgarian language, Bulgarian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, Russian language, Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
