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Reichsfilmkammer
The Reich Chamber of Film (''Reichsfilmkammer'', abbreviated as RFK) was a government agency which operated as a statutory corporation controlled by the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda that regulated the film industry in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. Membership in the association was obligatory for everyone in the German Reich who wanted to work on films in any capacity; lack of membership meant in effect a ban on employment. Based in Berlin, the establishment of the RFK was an important element of the ''Gleichschaltung'' process and Nazi film policy. History The predecessor of the RFK was the ''Spitzenorganisation der Filmwirtschaft'' (SPIO; English: "Film Industry Summit Organisation") founded by Erich Pommer in 1923. Established as an interest group of film producers, the association was dissolved after the Nazi seizure of power and re-established in West Germany in 1950. The ''Reichsfilmkammer'' was established on the basis of the ''Gesetz über die ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism And Cinema
Nazism made extensive use of the cinema throughout its history. Though it was a relatively new technology, the Nazi Party established a film department soon after it rose to power in Germany. Both Adolf Hitler and his propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, used the many Nazi films to promote the party ideology and show their influence in the burgeoning art form, which was an object of personal fascination for Hitler. The Nazis valued film as a propaganda instrument of enormous power, courting the masses by means of slogans that were aimed directly at the instincts and emotions of the people. The Department of Film also used the economic power of German moviegoers to influence the international film market. This resulted in almost all Hollywood producers censoring films critical of Nazism during the 1930s, as well as showing news shorts produced by the Nazis in American theaters. The exception was Warner Brothers, the lone American production company without a partnership with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reich Chamber Of Culture
The Reich Chamber of Culture (''Reichskulturkammer'', abbreviated as RKK) was a government agency in Nazi Germany. It was established by law on 22 September 1933 in the course of the ''Gleichschaltung'' process at the instigation of Reich Minister Joseph Goebbels as a professional organization of all German creative artists. Defying the competing ambitions of the German Labour Front (DAF) under Goebbels' rival Robert Ley, it was meant to gain control over the entire cultural life in Germany creating and promoting Aryan art consistent with Nazi ideals. Every artist had to apply for membership on presentation of an Aryan certificate. A rejected inscription ''de facto'' resulted in an occupational ban. Structure and organisation The RKK was affiliated with the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda with its seat on Wilhelmplatz in Berlin. Headed by Goebbels himself, a state secretary of his ministry served as vice president: *Walther Funk (1933–1938) *Karl Hanke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Froelich
Carl August Hugo Froelich (5 September 1875 – 12 February 1953) was a German film pioneer and film director. He was born and died in Berlin. Biography Apparatus builder and cameraman From 1903 Froelich was a colleague of Oskar Messter, one of the advance guard of German cinema, for whom initially he worked on the construction of cinematographic equipment. As cameraman for Messter's weekly newsreels he filmed among many other things the aftermath of a train accident on the Berlin elevated railway on 28 September 1908, one of the worst transport disasters of the time. Film director and producer Between 1912 and 1951 he made 77 films. In 1913 Froelich made his directorial debut with ''Richard Wagner (film), Richard Wagner'' (''see alo List of films about Richard Wagner''.) In 1920 he founded his own production company, Froelich-Film GmbH, among the productions of which were ''Kabale und Liebe'' (1921), ''Die Brüder Karamasoff'' (1922), and ''Mutter und Kind'' (1924). During thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Hartl
Karl Hartl (10 May 1899 – 29 August 1978) was an Austrians, Austrian film film director, director. Life Born in Vienna, Hartl began his film career at the Austrian Sascha-Film company of Alexander Kolowrat and from 1919 was assistant to the Hungarian people, Hungarian director Alexander Korda. As a production manager, he in the 1920s accompanied Korda to Berlin, until in 1926 he returned to Vienna to work for his former class-mate director Gustav Ucicky. From 1930 he worked for Universum Film AG (UFA) and debuted as director of ''Ein Burschenlied aus Heidelberg'' ("A Fraternity Song from Heidelberg") starring Hans Brausewetter and Willi Forst, with young Billy Wilder as a screenwriter. Together with Luis Trenker he directed the ''Gebirgsjäger'' drama ''Berge in Flammen'' ("Mountains in Flames") in 1931. He then experimented with other genres, for example the comedy ''Die Gräfin von Monte Cristo'' ("The Countess of Monte Cristo") (1932) with Brigitte Helm and Gustaf Gründgen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Loos
Theodor August Konrad Loos (18 May 1883 – 27 June 1954) was a German actor. The son of a watchmaker and instruments manufacturer, he left secondary school prematurely and worked for three years at an export firm for music instruments in Leipzig, and after that for his uncle, an art dealer in Berlin. He decided though to become an actor. His theater engagements led him to Leipzig, Danzig and Frankfurt am Main, then to Berlin where he acted from 1912 to 1945 at different theaters. In the 1930s he could be seen performing in classic theater, on over 400 occasions in Peer Gynt alone. From 1913 he performed in more than 170 feature films, initially silent films. He remains perhaps best-known for his numerous roles in the films of Fritz Lang. During the Third Reich Loos was a member of the Advisory Council (Präsidialrat) of the president of the Reichsfilmkammer. After the end of the war, Loos returned to the theater. From August 1949 he was a member of the Staatstheater Stuttga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reich Ministry Of Public Enlightenment And Propaganda
The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (, RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda (), controlled the content of the press, literature, visual arts, film, theater, music and radio in Nazi Germany. The ministry was created as the central institution of Nazi propaganda shortly after the party's national seizure of power in January 1933. In the Hitler cabinet, it was headed by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, who exercised control over all German mass media and creative artists through his ministry and the Reich Chamber of Culture (), which was established in the fall of 1933. It was abolished by the Flensburg Government on the 5 May 1945. Establishment and functions Shortly after the March 1933 Reichstag elections, Adolf Hitler presented his cabinet with a draft resolution to establish the ministry. Despite the skepticism of some non-National Socialist ministers, Hitler pushed the resolution through. On 13 March 1933, Reich Presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Auen
Carl Theodor Auen (16 February 1892 – 23 June 1972) was a German film actor of the silent era. He appeared in more than 110 films between 1914 and 1938. Auen was a member of the Militant League for German Culture and also a member of the Advisory Council (Präsidialrat) of the president of the Reichsfilmkammer.Ernst Klee: ''Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945''. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 21. Selected filmography * '' Die geheimnisvolle Villa'' (1914) * '' The Dagger of Malaya'' (1919) * '' The Panther Bride'' (1919) * '' The Swabian Maiden'' (1919) * '' The Howling Wolf'' (1919) * '' The Sins of the Mother'' (1921) * '' The Shadow of Gaby Leed'' (1921) * '' The Diadem of the Czarina'' (1922) * ''The Cigarette Countess'' (1922) * '' The Unwritten Law'' (1922) * '' Lyda Ssanin'' (1923) * '' The Men of Sybill'' (1923) * '' The Girl from Hell'' (1923) * '' Set Me Free'' (1924) * '' The Game of Love'' (1924) * '' The Old Ballroom'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Ritter (director)
Karl Ritter (7 November 1888 – 7 April 1977) was a German film producer and director responsible for many Nazi Germany, Nazi propaganda films. He had previously been one of the first German military pilots. He spent most of his later life in Argentina. Early life Ritter was born in Würzburg. His father was a professor at the music school, conservatoire; his mother was an opera singer.Rolf Giesen, ''Nazi Propaganda Films: A History and Filmography'', Jefferson, North Carolina/London: McFarland, 2003, p. 256"Karl Ritter" ''The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema'', ed. Hans-Michael Bock and Tim Bergfelder, Film Europa 1, New York: Berghahn, 2009, , p. 399. He was a career officer in the German military, built his own aeroplane and earned a pilot's licence in 1911 , and in World War I be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda In Nazi Germany
Propaganda was a tool of the Nazi Party in Germany from its earliest days to the end of the regime in May 1945 at the end of World War II. As the party gained power, the scope and efficacy of its propaganda grew and permeated an increasing amount of space in Germany and, eventually, beyond. Adolf Hitler’s ''Mein Kampf'' (1925) provided the groundwork for the party’s later methodology while the newspapers, the ''Völkischer Beobachter'' and later ''Der Angriff'', served as the early practical foundations for later propaganda during the party’s formative years. These were later followed by many media types including books, posters, magazines, photos, art, films, and radio broadcasts which took increasingly prominent roles as the party gained more power. These efforts promulgated Nazi ideology throughout German society. Such ideology included promotion of Nazi policies and values at home, worldview beyond their borders, antisemitism, vilification of non-German peoples and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oswald Lehnich
Oswald may refer to: People *Oswald (given name), including a list of people with the name *Oswald (surname), including a list of people with the name Fictional characters *Oswald the Reeve, who tells a tale in Geoffrey Chaucer's ''The Canterbury Tales'' *Oswald, servant of Goneril in Shakespeare's play ''King Lear'' *Oswald Bastable, in E. Nesbit's novel ''The Story of the Treasure Seekers'' and Michael Moorcock's unrelated novel ''The Warlord of the Air'' *Roald Dahl's title character in the novel '' My Uncle Oswald'', as well as two short stories *Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, a cartoon character from the 1920s and 1930s created by Walt Disney *Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot, Batman villain better known as the Penguin *Oswald Baskerville, in the Pandora Hearts manga *Oswald (comics), a Marvel Comics mutant *Clara Oswald, a character in the British science fiction TV series ''Doctor Who'' * Oswald Danes, in the British science fiction TV series ''Torchwood: Miracle Day'' *Oswald "Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free People's State Of Württemberg
The Free People's State of Württemberg () was a state which existed in the Weimar Republic and from 1933 in Nazi Germany. History Revolution in Württemberg With the German revolution near the end of World War I, the Kingdom of Württemberg was transformed from a monarchy to a democratic republic without bloodshed; its borders and internal administration remained unchanged. King William II of Württemberg abdicated on 30 November 1918. Following the introduction of a new constitution (significantly amended later in the year) by an assembly elected in January, and the Weimar Constitution in 1919, Württemberg was re-established as a member state of the German Reich.Article 1 of the Württemberg constitution (25 September 1919) states: "Württemberg is a democratic republic and member of the German Reich. Its state authority is exerted in accordance with both this constitution and German national law". Article 2 of the Weimar Constitution (11 August 1919) states: "The territ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels (; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazism, Nazi politician and philologist who was the ''Gauleiter'' (district leader) of Berlin, chief Propaganda in Nazi Germany, propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted followers, known for his skills in public speaking and his virulent antisemitism which was evident in his publicly voiced views. He advocated progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of the Jews in the Holocaust. Goebbels, who aspired to be an author, obtained a doctorate in philology from the University of Heidelberg in 1921. He joined the Nazi Party in 1924 and worked with Gregor Strasser in its northern branch. He was appointed ''Gauleiter'' of Berlin in 1926, where he began to take an interest in the use of propaganda to promote the party and its progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
