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Rehaniya
Rehaniya (, , ), also spelled Reihaniyye, is a Circassian town in northern Israel. It is one of the only two Circassian towns in Israel, the other being Kfar Kama. Located about 8 km north of Safed, it falls under the jurisdiction of Merom HaGalil Regional Council. In , it had a population of . History The Circassians arrived in the Middle East after they were pushed out of their homeland in the North Caucasus as the result of the Circassian genocide. The Circassians, who fought during the long period wherein the Russians captured the northern Caucasus, were massacred and expelled by Tsarist Russia from the North-Western Caucasus mountains. The Ottoman Empire absorbed them in their territory, and settled them in sparsely populated areas, including the Galilee in Beirut Vilayet (Ottoman Syria). The area where they settled was called ''Burak Alma'' ("Pools of Alma"). The village of Rehaniya was established in 1873, but only in 1878 did Circassian families arrive from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alma, Safad
Alma (, ) is a religious Jewish moshav in the Upper Galilee in northern Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Merom HaGalil Regional Council. In , it had a population of . It is built on the basaltic plateau 10 km north of Safed, and about 4 km south of the Lebanese border. Prior to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, it was populated by Palestinian Arabs.Khalidi, 1992, pp. 432–433. History Roman period Under the Judaea Province, a Jewish town was situated at this spot. Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here. Alma had several nearby khirbas, and fragments of inscriptions from an ancient synagogue were found at the site of the village in the 20th century. Remains of a ruined watch-tower was found on the crest of the ridge, and a quarter of a mile south of those there were three perfect dolmens, not very large. Crusader period The name Alma is first mentioned in the Crusader period, from a personal name. The Jewish community existed until the 17th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alma, Israel
Alma (, ) is a religious Jewish moshav in the Upper Galilee in northern Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Merom HaGalil Regional Council. In , it had a population of . It is built on the basaltic plateau 10 km north of Safed, and about 4 km south of the Lebanese border. Prior to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, it was populated by Palestinian Arabs.Khalidi, 1992, pp. 432–433. History Roman period Under the Judaea Province, a Jewish town was situated at this spot. Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here. Alma had several nearby khirbas, and fragments of inscriptions from an ancient synagogue were found at the site of the village in the 20th century. Remains of a ruined watch-tower was found on the crest of the ridge, and a quarter of a mile south of those there were three perfect dolmens, not very large. Crusader period The name Alma is first mentioned in the Crusader period, from a personal name. The Jewish community existed until the 17th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama (, , ) is a Circassian town located in the Lower Galilee of Israel's northern district, located along road 767, that leads from Kfar Tavor to the Kinneret. It is one of the only two Circassian towns in Israel, the other being Rehaniya. The residents of the town are descended from Shapsug tribe exiles from Circassia. In 2008, the town had a population of 2,900. Name The town's name has an uncertain origin, and several possible interpretations exist. It could potentially signify a heap of wheat, derive from "qama" meaning grain, or even have roots in Arabic, such as "kama," signifying a hilltop or a hilltop village, or "qama", denoting a fertile pasture for sheep and cattle. History Antiquity The modern village of Kfar Kama is built on an ancient site. Ruins and parts of five limestone columns were found in addition to a circular basalt olive-press and cisterns. In 2020, a team of archaeologists led by Nurit Feig of the Israel Antiquities Authority discovered 6th- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassians
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe language, Adyghe and ), are a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Circassian War in the 19th century, most of the Circassian people were exiled from their ancestral homeland and consequently began living in what was then the Ottoman Empire—that is, modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East. In the early 1990s, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassian diaspora, Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries. The two Circassian languages—western Adyghe language, Adyghe and eastern Kabardian language, Kabardian—are natively spoken by the Circassian people. After the Russian Empire's war crimes and forced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merom HaGalil Regional Council
The Merom HaGalil Regional Council (, ''Mo'atza Azorit Merom HaGalil'') is a regional council in the northern Galilee of northern Israel. The regional council was established in 1950. The head of the council is Shlomo Levi. List of settlements This regional council provides various municipal services for various villages within its territory including moshavim, a kibbutz, and other types of settlements: Community settlements * Amuka * Bar Yochai *Birya * Inbar * Kalanit * Kfar Hananya * Livnim * Or HaGanuz Kibbutzim * Parod Moshavim *Alma * Amirim *Avivim * Dovev * Dalton * Hazon *Kerem Ben Zimra * Kfar Hoshen * Kfar Shamai * Meron * Safsufa * Shefer * Shezor * Tefahot Minority villages * Ein el-Asad (Druze) * Rehaniya (Circassian) Unrecognised *Kadita Kadita () is an unrecognised community settlement in northern Israel. Located in the Upper Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Merom HaGalil Regional Council. In it had a population of . History In 1988 four famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Hiram
Operation Hiram was a military operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was led by General Moshe Carmel, and aimed at capturing the Upper Galilee region from the Arab Liberation Army (ALA) forces led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji and a Syrian battalion. The operation, which lasted 60 hours (29–31 October), ended just before the ceasefire with the neighboring Arab countries went into effect. As a result of the operation, the Upper Galilee, originally slated by the United Nations partition plan to be part of an Arab state, would be controlled by the newly formed state of Israel, and more than 50,000 new Palestinian refugees were expelled from their homes.Morris (2004), p. 473 Overview On 18 July, the second truce of the conflict went into effect. On 26 September 1948, David Ben-Gurion told his cabinet that if fighting should be renewed in the north, then the Galilee would become "clean" 'naki''and "empty" 'reik''of Arabs, and im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abzakhs
The Abzakh ( Circassian: Абдзэх, ''Abdzekh''; Russian: абадзехи) also known as Abdzakhs or Abadzekhs are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Historically, they lived in the mountainous part of the modern Russian republics of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai. Major settlements or villages were located in the river valleys Kurdzhips, Psheha, Pshish, and Psekups. However, today the vast majority of them live in diaspora in Turkey — about 500,000 people, which are the descendants of those expelled from their homeland as a result of the Russian–Circassian War. After Kabardians, the Abzakh are the second-largest Adyghe tribe in Turkey, other diaspora countries, and in the world in general. They are also the second-largest Adyghe tribe in Israel (after Shapsugs), largest in Jordan, and the sixth-largest in Russia. The Abzakhs are not to be confused with the Abkhazians or the Abaza, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassian Genocide
The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the systematic mass killing, ethnic cleansing, and forced displacement of between 95% and 97% of the Circassian people during the final stages of the Russian invasion of Circassia in the 19th century. It resulted in the deaths of between 1,000,000 and 1.5 million and the destruction of Circassia, which was then annexed by the Russian Empire. Those planned for extermination were mainly the Circassians, who are predominantly Muslims, but other ethnic groups in the Caucasus were also affected, as part of the Caucasian War. The Imperial Russian Army also impaled their victims and tore open the bellies of pregnant women to intimidate the Circassians and devastate their morale. Many Russian generals, such as Grigory Zass, described the Circassians as " subhuman filth" and a " lowly race" to justify and glorify their wholesale slaughter and their use as human test subjects in unethical scientific experiments. Russian soldiers were also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Village Statistics, 1945
Village Statistics, 1945 was a joint survey work prepared by the Government Office of Statistics and the Department of Lands of the British Mandate Government for the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine which acted in early 1946. Hadawi, S., Village statistics, 1945, A Classification of Land and Area Ownership in Palestine, pp11 The data were calculated as of April 1, 1945, and was later published and also served the UNSCOP committee that operated in 1947. The survey encompasses data on land ownership, its uses, population statistics, and tax payment records. The land data was derived from the work conducted for the Peel Commission and subsequently updated by the Mandate Government's Lands Department. The population data was based on the 1931 census of Palestine, updated with information from various partial censuses primarily conducted in the Jewish sector, along with immigration and natural reproduction data. The data for the entire Land of Israel is deemed more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Israeli-occupied territories, It occupies the Occupied Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories of the West Bank in the east and the Gaza Strip in the south-west. Israel also has a small coastline on the Red Sea at its southernmost point, and part of the Dead Sea lies along its eastern border. Status of Jerusalem, Its proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, while Tel Aviv is the country's Gush Dan, largest urban area and Economy of Israel, economic center. Israel is located in a region known as the Land of Israel, synonymous with the Palestine (region), Palestine region, the Holy Land, and Canaan. In antiquity, it was home to the Canaanite civilisation followed by the History of ancient Israel and Judah, kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Situate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meron, Israel
Meron (, ''Meron'') is a moshav in northern Israel. Located on the slopes of Mount Meron in the Upper Galilee near Safed, it falls under the jurisdiction of Merom HaGalil Regional Council. Meron is most famous for the Tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, and is the site of Hillula of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, annual mass public commemoration of Lag Ba'Omer. The association of Meron with the ancient Canaanite city of ''Merom'' or ''Maroma'' is generally accepted by archaeologists. According to Avraham Negev, by the Second Temple period, Merom was known as Meron. Meron is mentioned in the Bible as the site of Joshua's victory over the Canaanite kings. In the 12th century, Benjamin of Tudela, Benjamin de Tudela visited Meron and described a cave with tombs, believed to hold the remains of Hillel the Elder, Hillel, Shammai, and "twenty of their disciples and other Rabbis". In 1931, Meron consisted of an Arab and Jewish quarter (see Meiron). The current town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
