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Reginald II Of Guelders
Reginald II of Guelders (), called "the Black" (c. 1295 – 12 October 1343), was Count of Guelders, and from 1339 onwards Duke of Guelders, and Zutphen, in the Low Countries, from 1326 to 1343. He was the son of Reginald I of Guelders and Marguerite of Flanders. Biography From 1316, he acted as regent in the county, imprisoned his father in 1318, and governed as "son of the Count". When in 1326 his father died, he styled himself Count of Guelders and Count of Zutphen. In 1339 Guelders was raised to a duchy. He was a law giver, in 1321 on customary law, and in 1335 on dykes and canals. He allied himself against the French with Edward III of England, his brother-in-law, warning the English in 1338 of a French fleet gathering in the mouth of the Zwin. He remained Edward's closest ally among the German princes in the first phase of the Hundred Years War. Family Reginald's first marriage ( Roermond, 11 January 1311) was to Sophia Berthout (died 1329), Lady of Mechelen Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counts And Dukes Of Guelders
Guelders is a historical duchy, previously county, of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries. Counts House of Wassenberg * before 1096–about 1129: Gerard I, Count of Guelders, Gerard I * about 1129–about 1131: Gerard II, Count of Guelders, Gerard II, son of Gerard I * about 1131–1182: Henry I, Count of Guelders, Henry I, son of Gerard II * 1182–1207: Otto I, Count of Guelders, Otto I, son of Henry I * 1207–1229: Gerard III, Count of Guelders, Gerard III, son of Otto I * 1229–1271: Otto II, Count of Guelders, Otto II, son of Gerard III * 1271–1318: Reginald I, Count of Guelders, Reginald I, son of Otto II * 1318–1343: Reginald II of Guelders, Reginald II, son of Reginald I Dukes House of Wassenberg During Reinoud II's reign, the county of Guelders was elevated to a duchy with the Wessenberg-Maccan. * 1318–1343: Reginald II of Guelders, Reginald II ** 1343–1344: Eleanor of Woodstock, Eleanor, wife of Reginald II, regent of Reginald III * 1343–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John II, Count Of Blois
John II ( – 19 May 1381) was a Franco-Dutch nobleman who ruled lands in both France and the Holy Roman Empire. He was the count of Blois and Dunois from 1372 until 1381, the lord of Avesnes, Schoonhoven, Gouda, Beaumont, Chimay and Waarde from 1356 until 1381 and the ''stadtholder'' of Holland and Zeeland in 1359–1360 and 1362–1363 during the absences of Count Albert of Bavaria. He was also a claimant ''jure uxoris'' to the Duchy of Guelders from 1372 until 1379. John was the second son of Count Louis II of Blois and Jeanne of Hainault, daughter of John of Beaumont. His father died at the battle of Crécy in 1346 and his mother administered his inheritance. In 1356, his maternal grandfather died, leaving him many lordships scattered throughout the Low Countries. John made his chief residence at Schoonhoven, where he patronized French and Dutch poets. His court was the literary centre of Holland before the arrival of Albert of Bavaria. John was on good terms wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Wassenberg
The House of Wassenberg (''Huis van Wassenberg''), was a noble family, active in the area covering parts of the Netherlands and Germany, active from 1021 until 1371. Residing initially at Wassenberg, they expanded rapidly into larger areas, and grew through marriage. Origins The first recorded members of the family are two brothers, :nl:Gerard I Flamens, Gerard I Flamens and :fr:Rutger Ier de Clèves, Rutger, sometimes called ''Rutger von Antoing''.The first held the main town of Wassenberg, and the other established himself at Kleve in the medieval :de:Hettergau, Hettergau. Rutger or one of his close descendants was already elevated to countship in second half of the 11th-century. Despite that, 1092 is still the most commonly used date to refer to a ruler of Cleves. File:Gelre1 wapen.svg, Coat of arms of the County of Guelders. File:Gelre3 wapen.svg, Coat of arms of the Duchy of Guelders. File:Kleef graafschap wapen.svg, Coat of arms of the County of Cleves. In 1096, Gerard I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dukes Of Guelders
Guelders is a historical duchy, previously county, of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries. Counts House of Wassenberg * before 1096–about 1129: Gerard I * about 1129–about 1131: Gerard II, son of Gerard I * about 1131–1182: Henry I, son of Gerard II * 1182–1207: Otto I, son of Henry I * 1207–1229: Gerard III, son of Otto I * 1229–1271: Otto II, son of Gerard III * 1271–1318: Reginald I, son of Otto II * 1318–1343: Reginald II, son of Reginald I Dukes House of Wassenberg During Reinoud II's reign, the county of Guelders was elevated to a duchy with the Wessenberg-Maccan. * 1318–1343: Reginald II ** 1343–1344: Eleanor, wife of Reginald II, regent of Reginald III * 1343–1361: Reginald III, son of Reginald II and Eleanor * 1361–1371: Edward, son of Reginald II * 1371: Reginald III, second time After the death of Reginald III without issue, two of his half-sisters disputed the succession of the Duchy of Guelders: *1371–1379 Mati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counts Of Guelders
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . Especially in earlier medieval periods the term often implied not only a certain status, but also that the ''count'' had specific responsibilities or offices. The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with some countships, but not all. The title of ''count'' is typically not used in England or English-speaking countries, and the term ''earl'' is used instead. A female holder of the title is still referred to as a ''countess'', however. Origin of the term The word ''count'' came into English from the French ', itself from Latin '—in its accusative form ''comitem''. It meant "companion" or "attendant", and as a title it indicated that someone was delegated to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1343 Deaths
Year 1343 ( MCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 14 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, subsequently, the first Archbishop of Prague. * January 27 – Pope Clement VI issues his bull ''Unigenitus'', defining the doctrine of "The Treasury of Merits" or "The Treasury of the Church" as the basis for the issuance of indulgences by the Catholic Church. * April 23 – The St. George's Night Uprising begins in Estonia. * May 4 – St. George's Night Uprising: The "Four Estonian kings" are murdered, at the negotiations with the Livonian Order. * August 15 – Magnus IV of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway, in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. However, Haakon is still a minor, allowing Magnus to remain de facto ruler. * August 31 – A naval league is formed between the Pope, the Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1290s Births
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Guelders
Guelders is a historical duchy, previously county, of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries. Counts House of Wassenberg * before 1096–about 1129: Gerard I * about 1129–about 1131: Gerard II, son of Gerard I * about 1131–1182: Henry I, son of Gerard II * 1182–1207: Otto I, son of Henry I * 1207–1229: Gerard III, son of Otto I * 1229–1271: Otto II, son of Gerard III * 1271–1318: Reginald I, son of Otto II * 1318–1343: Reginald II, son of Reginald I Dukes House of Wassenberg During Reinoud II's reign, the county of Guelders was elevated to a duchy with the Wessenberg-Maccan. * 1318–1343: Reginald II ** 1343–1344: Eleanor, wife of Reginald II, regent of Reginald III * 1343–1361: Reginald III, son of Reginald II and Eleanor * 1361–1371: Edward, son of Reginald II * 1371: Reginald III, second time After the death of Reginald III without issue, two of his half-sisters disputed the succession of the Duchy of Guelders: *1371–1379 Matil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a Chronic condition, long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the Peripheral nervous system, nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damage may result in a lack of ability to feel pain, which can lead to the loss of parts of a person's Appendicular skeleton, extremities from repeated injuries or infection through unnoticed wounds. An infected person may also experience muscle weakness and poor eyesight. Leprosy symptoms may begin within one year, but for some people symptoms may take 20 years or more to occur. Leprosy is spread between people, although extensive contact is necessary. Leprosy has a low pathogenicity, and 95% of people who contract or who are exposed to ''M. leprae'' do not develop the disease. Spread is likely through a cough or contact with fluid from the nose of a person infected by leprosy. Genetic factors and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward, Duke Of Guelders
Edward (12 March 1336 – 24 August 1371) was the duke of Guelders and count of Zutphen from 1361 until 1371. Upon his brother Reginald becoming Duke of Guelders, Edward led a civil war culminating in the battle at Tiel, capturing his brother in 1361. Edward became Duke of Guelders, but in a dispute with Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg was killed at the battle of Baesweiler in 1371. His brother Reginald inherited the duchy from him. Life Edward was the youngest son of Duke Reginald II of Guelders and his second wife, Eleanor of Woodstock, daughter of King Edward II of England. In 1350, with encouragement from his mother, Edward began a devastating civil war against his brother Reginald III for control of the Duchy of Guelders. Edward led the Bronkhorster (civil) faction which in 1361 in a battle at Tiel defeated the Heekeren (aristocratic) faction, led by Edward's incapable brother who was captured and imprisoned. Edward governed well and powerfully, despite the conditions against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reginald III Of Guelders
Reginald III ( or ''Renaud'', known as "The Fat") (13 May 1333 – 4 December 1371) was Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen from 1343 to 1361, and again in 1371. He was the son of Reginald II of Guelders and of Eleanor of Woodstock, daughter of Edward II of England. With the death of his father in 1343, his mother held the regency until 1344. From 1350, his brother Edward asserted his rights and a quarrel of succession broke out between the two brothers until 1361. Reginald was overcome in Tiel and was imprisoned in the castle of Nijenbeek. There he became so large that he could not have left, even if the door had been open—hence his appellation "The Fat". Edward died on 24 August 1371, having been mortally wounded in the Battle of Baesweiler, and Reginald was released (according to the legend, the walls had to be cut away so he could leave); he held the ducal throne for only a short period, dying a few months later. He was buried at Graefenthal Abbey. As he did not have a leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward II Of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also known as Edward of Caernarfon or Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir to the throne following the death of his older brother Alphonso, Earl of Chester, Alphonso. Beginning in 1300, Edward accompanied his father on Wars of Scottish Independence, campaigns in Scotland, and in 1306 he was Knight#Evolution of medieval knighthood, knighted in Feast of the Swans, a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Edward succeeded to the throne the next year, following his father's death. In 1308, he married Isabella of France, Isabella, daughter of the powerful King Philip IV of France, as part of a long-running effort to resolve the tensions between the English and French crowns. Edward had a close and controversial relationship with Piers Gaveston, who had joined his household in 1300. The precise nature of Edward and Gaveston's relationship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
