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Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz
East Upper Silesia (; ) is the easternmost extremity of Silesia, the eastern part of the Upper Silesian region around the city of Katowice ().Isabel Heinemann, ''"Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas'' 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.229, The term is used primarily to denote those areas that became part of the Second Polish Republic on 20 June 1922, as a consequence of the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles. Prior to World War II, the Second Polish Republic administered the area as Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. East Upper Silesia was also known as Polish (Upper) Silesia, and the German (Upper) Silesia was known as West Upper Silesia. Upper Silesia Plebiscite Consequently, to the end of World War I in 1918 various proposals emerged defining the division of Upper Silesia. At the Paris Peace Conference a commission for Polish affairs was created to prepare proposals for Polish borders. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesia
Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia’s culture reflects its complex history and diverse influences, blending Polish, Czech, and German elements. The region is known for its distinctive Silesian language (still spoken by a minority in Upper Silesia), richly decorated folk National costumes of Poland, costumes, hearty regional Silesian cuisine, cuisine, and a mix of Gothic, Baroque, and industrial-era Silesian architecture, architecture seen in its cities and towns. The largest city of the region is Wrocław. Silesia is situated along the Oder River, with the Sudeten Mountains extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)
The Silesian Voivodeship (; German language, German: ''Woiwodschaft Schlesien'') was an autonomous province (voivodeship) of the Second Polish Republic. The bulk of its territory had formerly belonged to the German Empire, German/Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian Province of Silesia and became part of the newly reborn Poland as a result of the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, the Geneva Conventions, three Silesian Uprisings, Upper Silesian Uprisings, and the eventual partition of Upper Silesia between Poland, Germany and Czechoslovakia. The remainder had been the easternmost portion of Austrian Silesia (see Cieszyn Silesia) which was partitioned between Poland and Czechoslovakia following the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the Spa Conference of 1920. The capital of the voivodeship was Katowice. The voivodeship was dissolved on 8 October 1939 following the German invasion of Poland, and its territory was incorporated into the German Province of Silesia. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic. The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. The Weimar Republic had a semi-presidential system. Toward the end of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and suing for peace, sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a German Revolution of 1918–1919, revolution, Abdication of Wilhelm II, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918, and formal cessa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Province Of Posen
The Province of Posen (; ) was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Greater Poland Uprising (1848), Poznań Uprising of 1848 as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, which in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1815 from Duchy of Warsaw. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I, Posen was briefly part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, but was dissolved in 1920 after the Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919), Greater Poland Uprising broke out and most of its territory was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The remaining German territory was re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922. Posen (present-day Poznań, Poland) was the provincial capital. Geography The land is mostly flat, drained by two major drainage basin, watershed systems; the Noteć (German: ''Netze'') in the north and the Warta (''Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rychtal
Rychtal () () is a town in Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rychtal. Geography Part of the Lower Silesia historical region, it is situated close to the administrative border with Opole Voivodeship, located approximately south-west of Kępno, on the road to Namysłów, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań. History The area became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century, and after the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies, it formed part of the Duchy of Silesia. The Polish settlement at the site called ''Będłowice'' or ''Bandlowice'' is documented in 1222, when the estates were held by the Teutonic Order. From 1233 onwards, the Duchy of Silesia, Silesian duke Henry the Bearded opened the remote area to Germans, German and Walloons, Walloon colonists in the course of the mediaeval ''Ostsiedlung'' migration. Their settlement ''Reichthal'' ("Rich Valley ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milicz
Milicz () is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of Milicz County and of Gmina Milicz, part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area. Geography The town is situated in the historic Lower Silesia region, near the border with Greater Poland. The centre is located on the Barycz river, about north of the regional capital Wrocław. From 1975 to 1998 Milicz belonged to Wrocław Voivodeship. The Milicz Ponds, an important habitat and breeding ground for water birds, are a nature reserve established 1963 and protected under the Ramsar convention. Since 1996 they also formed part of a larger protected area known as the Barycz Valley Landscape Park. As of 2019, the town has a population of 11,304. History Milicz developed as route of the ancient Amber Trade Route known as the Amber Road. A settlement at the site was possibly established in the 11th century. ''Milich'' Castle was first mentioned in an 1136 deed by Pope Innocent II as a pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Góra
Góra (, ) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is the administrative seat both of Góra County and of the smaller district (gmina) called Gmina Góra. Geography The town is located within the historic Lower Silesia region, approximately north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. As at 2019, it has a population of 11,797. History The area became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, it initially formed part of Greater Poland before it passed to Silesia. The settlement was first mentioned as ''Gora'' in an 1155 deed by Pope Adrian IV conveying the property to the Diocese of Wrocław. The name of the town means "hill" or "mountain" in Polish. In 1256 the bishop of Wrocław Tomasz I gave the village to the Polish knight Gosław.Barbara Trojak, ''Góra. Studium historyczne miasta'', 1983 (in Polish) In 1288 it became part of the Duchy of Głogów and was granted Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namysłów
Namysłów (pronounced , ; ) is a historic town in southern Poland, within Opole Voivodeship. Located along the Widawa River, it is the capital of Namysłów County. Its population was 16,551 in 2019. History The town began to develop during the 13th century, but was destroyed in 1241 during the first Mongol invasion of Poland. It was refounded by Polish Duke Bolesław II the Bald in 1249. During the medieval Ostsiedlung it was colonized by Germans, who used the Germanized name ''Namslau''. According to German linguist Heinrich Adamy the town's name is derived from the Polish language, Polish name ''namysł'', which means "thinking". According to another theory, the name of the city comes from the old Polish name Namysł. In Middle Ages, medieval manuscripts and documents such as the ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' it appeared under the Latinized name ''Namislavia''. Located within the fragmented Kingdom of Poland, until 1294 it was part of the Duchy of Silesia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syców
Syców (, until 1888 ''Polnisch Wartenberg'') is a town in Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' ) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. , there were 2,479 gminy throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminy include cities and tow ...) called Gmina Syców and part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area. It lies approximately north-east of Oleśnica, and north-east of the regional capital Wrocław. Founded in the Middle Ages, Syców is a former center for flax cultivation and cloth and linen making, and was the location of major fairs for merchants from Lower Silesia and Greater Poland. It is located on the Expressway S8 (Poland), Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok. History Medieval period Located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia ( ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a historical and geographical region mostly located in Poland with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany. It is the western part of the region of Silesia. Its largest city is Wrocław. The first state to have a stable hold over the territory of what will be considered Lower Silesia was the short-lived Great Moravia in the 9th century. Afterwards, in the Middle Ages, Lower Silesia was part of Piast-ruled Poland. It was one of the leading regions of Poland, and its capital Wrocław was one of the main cities of the Polish Kingdom. Lower Silesia emerged as a distinctive region during the fragmentation of Poland in 1172, when the Duchies of Opole and Racibórz, considered Upper Silesia since, were formed of the eastern part of the Duchy of Silesia, and the remaining, western part was since considered Lower Silesia. During the , German settlers were invited to settle in the region, which until then had a Polish majority. As a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rychtal Region
The Rychtal Region () is a portion of the historic region of Lower Silesia, the north-eastern part of the former Silesian district of Namslau located around the town of Rychtal, which was ceded by Germany to Poland after World War I. Settlements The following towns and villages belonged to the Rychtal Region: * Darnowiec * Drożki * Hanowry * Krzyżowniki * Proszów * Rychtal * Sadogóra * Skoroszów * Stogniewice * Wielki Buczek * Zgorzelec History The territory formed part of Poland since the 10th century. Later on, it passed under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary and Habsburg monarchy, before it was annexed by Prussia in the 18th century. The region was part of Regierungsbezirk Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia, in the German Empire until the end of World War I. After the war, the newly restored Polish state claimed the districts of Namslau (Namysłów) and Oppeln (Opole). In the Treaty of Versailles, Poland was given the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)
Poznań Voivodeship was the name of several former administrative regions (''województwo'', rendered as ''voivodeship'' and usually translated as "province") in Poland, centered on the city of Poznań, although the exact boundaries changed over the years. Poznań Voivodeship was incorporated into the Greater Poland Voivodeship after the Polish local government reforms of 1998. 14th century to 1793 Poznań Voivodeship () was established in 1320 and was part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, until it was annexed by Prussia in 1793. It was in the rule of the Garczynski family for much of the 17th and 18th century. A notable voïvodie includes Stefan Garczyński (1690–1756), author, who was opposed to serfdom, amongst other social norms of the time. 1793 to 1921 Between 1793 and 1921, the territory formerly contained in Poznań Voivodeship was part of the following territories: South Prussia, the Poznań Department of the Duchy of Warsaw, the Grand Duchy of Posen, and the Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
