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Reade Punic Inscriptions
The Reade Punic Inscriptions refer to four Phoenician-language funerary inscriptions discovered in 1836-1837 by Sir Thomas Reade, who had recently been appointed as the British consul general in Tunis. The inscriptions — three from Carthage and one from Numidia — were documented and published in the appendix (''Appendix Altera'') of the second volume of Wilhelm Gesenius’s ''Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae''; Gesenius had received the inscriptions via Friedrich August Rosen shortly before he was due to publish the volume. Discovery The inscriptions were discovered in or before 1835 during a wave of European interest in Punic antiquities. According to Gesenius, the inscriptions were copied and drawn by Filippo Basiola Honegger,Drissi, Hatem.Un aspect de l’anticomanie dans la régence de Tunis: La collection du consul anglais Sir Thomas Reade Hespéris-Tamuda 57.2 (2022): 309-327. a German associate of Reade. Three inscriptions were found embedded in reused masonry withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carthage Inscriptions 11-13 And Numidian Inscription 8 In 1837 Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae Monumenta
Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classical world. It became the capital city of the civilization of Ancient Carthage and later Roman Carthage. The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic people, Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. The legendary Queen Elissa, Alyssa or Dido, originally from Tyre, Lebanon, Tyre, is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. In the myth, Dido asked for land from a local tribe, which told her that she could get as much land as an oxhide could cover. She cut the oxhide into strips and laid out the perimeter of the new city. As Carthage prospered at home, the polity sent colonists abroad as well as magistrates to rule t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Reade (British Army Officer)
Colonel Sir Thomas Reade (1782 – 1 August 1849) was a British Army officer during the Napoleonic Wars, known also as a collector.Sir Thomas Reade (Biographical details) - British Museum In 1799, at the age of sixteen, he ran away from home to enlist in the Army and participated in campaigns in , and America, as well as postings across Europe. Major Reade served as Deputy Quartermaster General at the 1814 Siege of Genoa. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consul General
A consul is an official representative of a government who resides in a foreign country to assist and protect citizens of the consul's country, and to promote and facilitate commercial and diplomatic relations between the two countries. A consul is generally part of a government's diplomatic corps or foreign service, and thus enjoys certain privileges and protections in the host state, albeit without full diplomatic immunity. Unlike an ambassador, who serves as the single representative of one government to another, a state may appoint several consuls in a foreign nation, typically in major cities; consuls are usually tasked with providing assistance in bureaucratic issues to both citizens of their own country traveling or living abroad and to the citizens of the country in which the consul resides who wish to travel to or trade with the consul's country. Origin and history Antecedent: the classical Greek ''proxenos'' In classical Greece, some of the functions of the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of Tunis
The Beylik of Tunis () was a de facto independent state located in present-day Tunisia, formally part of the Ottoman Empire. It was ruled by the Husainid dynasty from 1705 until the establishment of the French protectorate of Tunisia in 1881. The term ''beylik'' refers to the monarch, who was called the Bey of Tunis. Under the protectorate, the institution of the Beylik was retained nominally, with the Husainids remaining as largely symbolic sovereigns. The Beys remained faithful to the Sublime Porte, but reigned as monarchs after gradually gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire. Between 1861 and 1864, the Beylik of Tunis became a constitutional monarchy after adopting the first constitution in Africa and the Arab world. The country had its own currency and an independent army, and in 1831 it adopted its flag, which is still in use today. The institution of the Beylik was finally abolished one year after independence on 25 July 1957 when the republic was declared. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Gesenius
Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Gesenius (3 February 178623 October 1842) was a German orientalist, lexicographer, Christian Hebraist, Lutheran theologian, Biblical scholar and critic. Biography Gesenius was born at Nordhausen. In 1803 he became a student of philosophy and theology at the University of Helmstedt, where Heinrich Henke was his most influential teacher; but the latter part of his university course was taken at Göttingen, where Johann Gottfried Eichhorn and Thomas Christian Tychsen were then at the height of their popularity. In 1806, shortly after graduation, he became ''Repetent'' and '' Privatdozent'' (or ''Magister legens'') at Göttingen; and, as he was later proud to say, had August Neander for his first pupil in Hebrew language. On 8 February 1810 he became ''professor extraordinarius'' in theology, and on 16 June 1811 was promoted to ''ordinarius'', at the University of Halle, where, in spite of many offers of high preferment elsewhere, he spent the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae
''Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae'' (in English: "The writing and language of Phoenicia"), also known as ''Phoeniciae Monumenta'' (in English: "Phoenician remains") was an important study of the Phoenician language by German scholar Wilhelm Gesenius. Precededed by his prelimary treatise ''Paläographische Studien'', his full publication was originally intended to be published under the name ''Marmora Phœnicia et Punica, quotquot supersunt, edidit, et prœtnissâ commentatione de litteris et linguâ Phœnicum et Pœnorum explicuit G. Gesenius''. It was written in three volumes, combined in later editions. It was described by Reinhard Lehmann as "a historical milestone of Phoenician epigraphy". It published all c.80 inscriptions and c.60 coins known in the entire Phoenicio-Punic corpus at the time. Many of the Latin names that Gesenius gave to the inscriptions have remained foundational to the study of Phoenician-Punic. Gesenius listed the inscriptions by geographic findspot a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich August Rosen
Friedrich August Rosen (2 September 1805 in Hannover – 12 September 1837 in London) was a German Orientalist, brother of Georg Rosen and a close friend of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy. He studied in Leipzig, and from 1824 in Berlin under Franz Bopp. He was briefly professor of oriental literature at the University of London and became secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society in 1831. He translated an Arabic text on Algebra by Al-Khwarizmi. 5th edition, Volume 20, Turin (1864); page 117. His ''Rigvedae specimen'', excerpts from the based on manuscripts brought back from India by [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carthage
Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classical world. It became the capital city of the civilization of Ancient Carthage and later Roman Carthage. The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic people, Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. The legendary Queen Elissa, Alyssa or Dido, originally from Tyre, Lebanon, Tyre, is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. In the myth, Dido asked for land from a local tribe, which told her that she could get as much land as an oxhide could cover. She cut the oxhide into strips and laid out the perimeter of the new city. As Carthage prospered at home, the polity sent colonists abroad as well as magistrates to rule t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numidia
Numidia was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa, initially comprising the territory that now makes up Algeria, but later expanding across what is today known as Tunisia and Libya. The polity was originally divided between the Massylii state in the east (Capital: Cirta) and the Masaesyli state in the west (Capital: Siga). During the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), Masinissa, king of the Massylii, defeated Syphax of the Masaesyli to unify Numidia into the first unified Berbers, Berber state for Numidians in present-day Algeria. The kingdom began as a sovereign state and an ally of Roman Empire, Rome and later alternated between being a Roman province and a Roman client state. Numidia, at its foundation, was bordered by the Moulouya River to the west, Africa (Roman province), Africa Proconsularis and Cyrenaica to the east. the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Sahara to the south so that Numidia entirely surrounded Carthage except towards the sea. befor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghrawa (Tunisia)
Maghrawa, Magraoua (مغراوة) or Aïn Maghrawa (عين مغراوة) is an archeological site in Tunisia, located in the Maktar region. The ancient city of Macota was located on this site. Ahmed M'Charek has demonstrated that this was the origin of a series of stelae that have been mistakenly referred to as the La Ghorfa stelae (Roman-era stelae—1st and 2nd centuries AD—which bear witness to a Punic substratum). The ''Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie'' wrote as follows: 125. Magraoua. Agglomération importante. Monuments mégalithiques; inscriptions libyques et latines (Denis, Bull. arch. du Comité, 1893, p. 138 et suiv.; C. 1. L., VIII, p. 89 et 1229). See also * Mididi References Bibliography Ahmed M'Charek, « Maghrawa, lieu de provenance des stèles punico-numides dites de la Ghorfa », ''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome'', vol. 100, n°2, 1988, pp. 731-760Ahmed M'Charek, « Maghrawa, antique Macota (Tunisie) », ''Antiquités africaines'', vol. 33, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maktar
Maktar or Makthar (), also known by other names during antiquity, is a town and archaeological site in Siliana Governorate, Tunisia. Maktar was founded by the Berber Numidians as a defense post against Carthaginian expansion. At the end of the Third Punic War, it was settled by many Punic refugees after the Romans' destruction of Carthage in 146BC. Under Roman rule, it obtained the status of a free city under Julius Caesar in 46BC and became a Roman colony in AD146. It formed part of the province of Byzacena and was the seat of a Christian bishop. Under the Romans and Byzantines, it reversed its earlier role to serve as a defense post against local Berber attacks. The town survived the Muslim invasions but was destroyed by the Banu Hilal tribe in the 11thcentury before being reëstablished. The present town had a population of 13,576 in 2014. Name The Carthaginians recorded the town's name variously as (), (), and (). The Romans latinized the name as Mactaris, which beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punic-Libyan Bilinguals
The Punic-Libyan bilingual inscriptions are two important ancient bilingual inscriptions dated to the 2nd century BC. The first, the Cenotaph Inscription, was transcribed in 1631 by Thomas D'Arcos and later played a significant role in deciphering the Libyco-Berber script, in which the Numidian language (Old Libyan) was written. The language is however still not fully understood. The inscription was part of the Libyco-Punic Mausoleum (Mausoleum of Ateban) at Dougga in Tunisia, before it was removed in the mid nineteenth century and taken to London, where it is now in the British Museum's ancient Middle Eastern collection. The second inscription, the Temple Inscription, is longer than the first, and was discovered in 1904 in the Temple of Jupiter at Dougga. It is currently at the Bardo Museum in Tunis, with casts in the archives of the Louvre and the British Museum. The Libyan inscriptions are the first two, and the longest two, published in Jean-Baptiste Chabot's 1940 work ''R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
