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Razhden Gvetadze
Razhden Matveyevich Gvetadze (or Ražden Gvetaże, ka, რაჟდენ გვეტაძე, russian: Ражден Матвеевич Гветадзе; 29 July 1897 – 1 December 1952) was a Georgian Soviet writer and translator. Life Razhden Matveyevich Gvetadze was born on 29 July 1897 in Tsikhia, now Tkibuli municipality, Georgia. After graduating from three classes, he was forced to start working. At the same time he studied at the evening school and took his first steps in literature. His poems were first published in 1913, and his first book, ''The Moonlight Tale'', was published in 1915. He was close to the Blue Horns group, which was reflected in his early work, but he was one of the first to move away from these symbolists when the Soviet authority was established in Georgia. His first novel, ''Theo'', published in 1930, described the struggle for the establishment of Soviet authority in Georgia. It was followed by ''Ciacocona'' and, in 1935, a collection of stor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benito Buachidze
Benito Mikheili Buachidze ( ka, ბენიტო ბუაჩიძე; 2 September 1905 – 3 October 1937 ) was a Georgian literary critic. He was a member of the SCCP since 1926. He was the brother of . Biography Benito Buachidze was one of the first ideological leaders and organizers of Georgian and Transcaucasian proletarian writing. Buachidze had adopted the name "Benito" with reference to Benito Mussolini, who in the 1920s was seen as a modernizing figure in the style of Futurism. In 1926–28 he was elected Secretary of the Union of Georgian and Transcaucasian Proletarian Writing Associations. He contributed to the newspaper ''Zaria Vostok''. Buachidze was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "На литературном посту" and the editor of the magazine "На рубеже Востока". In 1932 he worked as a senior researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Moscow Communist Academy. In 1934 he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Lit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantine Lortkipanidze
Konstantine Lortkipanidze ( ka, კონსტანტინე ლორთქიფანიძე, russian: link=no, Константин Лордкипанидзе; 7 January 1905 – 30 July 1986) was a Soviet and Georgian writer. Hero of Socialist Labour (1985). Life Early years Konstantine Lortkipanidze was born on 7 January 1905 in the village of Didi Jikhaishi. He attended Kutaisi Humanitarian Technical School, and graduated in 1924. That year he published his first poem. In 1926 he published his first collection of poetry. At first he was strongly influenced by the Georgian Symbolists, but soon left them and declared himself a proletarian poet. He wrote many pompous poems about the revolutionary struggle. Lortkipanidze was an active participant and agitator in the 1937 purges that led to the deaths of many of his writer colleagues, as a detailed historical study has shown. From the early 1930s he began to write only in prose. Themes in his prose works were new socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Kutateli
Alexander Nikoloz Kutateli ka, ალექსანდრე ნიკოლოზის ძე ქუთათელი; 6 September 1897 – 1 May 1982) was a Georgian and Soviet writer and translator. Life He was born in Kutaisi, son of a lawyer. He studied at Tbilisi University, but did not graduate. His drama ''The Snake of Hirse'' was published in 1924. He was active in the Georgian literary milieu. He was author of ''Poems'' (1937 and 1941) and ''Fighters'' (1942), a collection of stories. He is best known for the novel ''Face to Face'' published in four volumes from 1933 to 1952 which covers the fight of the people against the counter-revolutionary Mensheviks The Mensheviks (russian: меньшевики́, from меньшинство 'minority') were one of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement, the others being the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The factions eme .... Notes Sources * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kutateli, Alexander 1897 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tkibuli
Tkibuli or Tqibuli ( ka, ტყიბული) is a town in west-central Georgia of 8,620 residents (2022). located in the Imereti region at the foot of the Racha Range and the Nakerala limestone cliff, which marks the boundary of the historic region Racha. Tkibuli gained city status in 1939, and has been a coal mining centre since mining started in 1846. The city is also known for the tea that is grown in the region and sold throughout the country. It is located between two man-made reservoirs used for hydropower generation with an elevation difference of more than . At the height of mining in the Soviet-era The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (USSR) reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms "Soviet Russia" and "Soviet Union" often are synonymous in everyday speech (either acknowledging the dominance ... Tkibuli had more than 20,000 residents, but the economic disarray of the 1990s caused an exodus from the city and the mines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, and since then has served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tiflis was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the northern and the southern parts of the Caucasus. Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Horns
Tsisperqantselebi ( ka, ცისფერყანწელები; The Blue Horns) was a group of Georgian Symbolist poets and prose-writers which dominated the Georgian literature in the 1920s. It was founded as a coterie of young talented writers in the Kutaisi city in 1915 and was suppressed under the Soviet rule early in the 1930s. The group originated in Kutaisi, western Georgia (then part of Imperial Russia), then a centre of Georgian avant-garde thought. Its members were the group’s founder and mentor Grigol Robakidze, Titsian Tabidze, Paolo Iashvili, Valerian Gaprindashvili, Kolau Nadiradze, Shalva Apkhaidze, Nikolo Mitsishvili, Razhden Gvetadze, Levan Meunargia, Ali Arsenishvili, Sandro Tsirekidze, Giorgi Leonidze, Sergo Kldiashvili and Shalva Karmeli (Gogiashvili). Georgia’s greatest 20th-century poet, Galaktion Tabidze was also affiliated with this group, but he soon left it. The leading Georgian painter of that time Lado Gudiashvili was also closely ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolists
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realism. In literature, the style originates with the 1857 publication of Charles Baudelaire's ''Les Fleurs du mal''. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire admired greatly and translated into French, were a significant influence and the source of many stock tropes and images. The aesthetic was developed by Stéphane Mallarmé and Paul Verlaine during the 1860s and 1870s. In the 1880s, the aesthetic was articulated by a series of manifestos and attracted a generation of writers. The term "symbolist" was first applied by the critic Jean Moréas, who invented the term to distinguish the Symbolists from the related Decadents of literature and of art. Etymology The term ''symbolism'' is derived from the word "symbol" which derives from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million Military personnel, personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramayana
The ''Rāmāyana'' (; sa, रामायणम्, ) is a Sanskrit epic composed over a period of nearly a millennium, with scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text ranging from the 8th to 4th centuries BCE, and later stages extending up to the 3rd century CE. ''Ramayana'' is one of the two important epics of Hinduism, the other being the ''Mahābhārata''. The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Maharishi Valmiki, narrates the life of Sita, the Princess of Janakpur, and Rama, a legendary prince of Ayodhya city in the kingdom of Kosala. The epic follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest urged by his father King Dasharatha, on the request of Rama's stepmother Kaikeyi; his travels across forests in the Indian subcontinent with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana – the king of Lanka, that resulted in war; and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king amidst jubilation and celebration. The ''Ramayana'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Song Of Roland
''The Song of Roland'' (french: La Chanson de Roland) is an 11th-century '' chanson de geste'' based on the Frankish military leader Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778 AD, during the reign of the Carolingian king Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major work of French literature. It exists in various manuscript versions, which testify to its enormous and enduring popularity in Medieval and Renaissance literature from the 12th to 16th centuries. The epic poem written in Vulgar Latin is the first and one of the most outstanding examples of the '' chanson de geste'', a literary form that flourished between the 11th and 16th centuries in Medieval Europe and celebrated legendary deeds. The date of composition is put in the period between 1040 AD and 1115 AD; an early version began around 1040 AD with additions and alterations made up until about 1115 AD. The final text contains about 4,000 lines of poetry. Manuscripts and dating Although set in the Carolingian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolay Nekrasov
Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov ( rus, Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ nʲɪˈkrasəf, a=Ru-Nikolay_Alexeyevich_Nekrasov.ogg, – ) was a Russian poet, writer, critic and publisher, whose deeply compassionate poems about the Russian peasantry made him a hero of liberal and radical circles in the Russian intelligentsia of the mid-nineteenth century, particularly as represented by Vissarion Belinsky and Nikolay Chernyshevsky. He is credited with introducing into Russian poetry ternary meters and the technique of dramatic monologue (''On the Road'', 1845). As the editor of several literary journals, notably ''Sovremennik'', Nekrasov was also singularly successful and influential. Biography Early years Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov was born in Nemyriv (now in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine), in the Bratslavsky Uyezd of Podolia Governorate. His father Alexey Sergeyevich Nekrasov (1788-1862) was a descendant from Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko ( Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced ˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, interpreter, economist, political activist, doctor of philosophy, ethnographer, and the author of the first detective novels and modern poetry in the Ukrainian language. He was a political radical, and a founder of the socialist and nationalist movement in western Ukraine. In addition to his own literary work, he also translated the works of such renowned figures as William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Dante Alighieri, Victor Hugo, Adam Mickiewicz, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller into Ukrainian. His translations appeared on the stage of the Ruska Besida Theatre. Along with Taras Shevchenko, he has had a tremendous impact on modern literary and political thought in Ukraine. Life Franko was born in the Ukrainian villag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
