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Razakar Bahini
Razakar (رضا کار) is etymologically an Arabic word which literally means volunteer. The word is also common in Urdu language as a loanword. On the other hand, in Bangladesh, razakar is a pejorative word meaning a traitor or Judas. In Pakistan and India Razakars (Pakistan), Razakars were an East Pakistani paramilitary force that aided the Pakistan Army against the Mukti Bahini during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Police Qaumi Razakars are a volunteer force in Pakistan which aids the Police in their duties. In Hyderabad, Razakars (Hyderabad), Razakars were volunteers sponsored by the Hyderabad State, Nizam's state of Hyderabad for opposition to its Operation Polo, merger with India. In Bangladesh In Bangladesh and in Bengali language, Bengali, the term "Razakar" refers to individuals who opposed the Independence of Bangladesh, country's independence and collaborated with the Pakistani Army during the 1971 Liberation War. It is a pejorative term, often equated to "traito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War (, ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, was an armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan, which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh. The war began when the Pakistani military junta based in West Pakistan—under the orders of Yahya Khan—launched Operation Searchlight against East Pakistanis on the night of 25 March 1971, initiating the Bangladesh genocide. In response to the violence, members of the Mukti Bahini—a guerrilla resistance movement formed by Bengali military, paramilitary and civilians—launched a mass guerrilla war against the Pakistani military, liberating numerous towns and cities in the war's initial months. At first, the Pakistan Army regained momentum during the monsoon, but Bengali guerrillas counterattacked by carrying out widespread sabotage, including through Operation Jackpot against the Pakistan Navy, while the nascent Bangla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Words And Phrases
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. During the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture and learning, especial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Hasina Ministry
The Fifth Hasina Ministry, the 21st cabinet of Bangladesh, was led by Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina. It was established following the 2024 general election held on 7 January 2024. The election results were declared on the same day, leading to the formation of the 12th assembly in the Jatiya Sangsad. A cabinet comprising 43 members was subsequently sworn in. On 5 August 2024, after days of deadly unrest in the country, Hasina was given an ultimatum by General Waker-uz-Zaman, the Bangladesh Chief of the Army Staff, to resign. Later the same day, she resigned and fled to India. Her rule ended via self-imposed exile following nationwide protests. The parliament was dissolved by the President Mohammed Shahabuddin Mohammed Shahabuddin (born 10 December 1949) is a Bangladeshi jurist, journalist, civil servant and politician who has served as the 16th and current president of Bangladesh since 2023. He was elected unopposed in the 2023 Bangladeshi president ... th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Razakar Slogans
The Razakar slogans were a series of protest chants used during the 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement, beginning on 14 July 2024. The slogans included, Which emerged following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina referred to the protesting students as "grandchildren of Razakars" during a press conference. The slogans later became the main rallying cry of the movement and played a significant role in the July Revolution. Moreover, the slogans have either been praised as stance against "monopolistic" political tagging binary between freedom fighter (or in favour power of liberation) and Razakar (or opposite power of liberation) by contemporary autocratic Awami League government to defend it's tyranny and autocracy, or have also been criticised claiming as "opposite of dominant political narrative" (or counter-narrative) of Bangladesh liberation war. Moreover, the slogans have either been praised as a against "strategic" political tagging binary between freedom fighter (or in favo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
July Revolution (Bangladesh)
The July Revolution, also known as the Student–People's uprising, was a pro-democracy mass uprising in Bangladesh in 2024. It began as a quota reform movement in early June 2024, led by the Students Against Discrimination, after the Bangladesh Supreme Court invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as the July massacre, by late July. By early August, the movement evolved into a non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of the then-prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, who fled to India. Hasina's ouster triggered a constitutional crisis, leading to the formation of an interim government led by the country's only Nobel laureate, Muhammad Yunus, as the chief adviser. Names ''July Revolution'' and ''Student–People's uprising'' are the two most widely used names of the movement. On 3 August, one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quota System Of Bangladesh Civil Service
The quota system of Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) is a recruitment policy that reserves a percentage of civil service job positions for specific demographic groups. These include descendants of freedom fighters from the Bangladesh Liberation War, ethnic and religious minorities, residents of underrepresented districts, and persons with disabilities. While all applicants must pass preliminary and written examinations, quotas are applied during the final stage of recruitment, particularly in the viva voce (oral interview). Functioning as a form of affirmative action, the quota system aims to improve representation for historically marginalized or underprivileged communities. By 2010, eligibility was extended to include not only children but also grandchildren of freedom fighters. However, from the 35th to 40th BCS examinations, many reserved posts went unfilled due to a shortage of qualified candidates, while a majority of successful applicants (around 65%) were recruited on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
