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Ratification Cases
The Ratification Cases, officially titled as ''Javellana v. Executive Secretary'' (G.R. No. L-36142, March 31, 1973; 50 SCRA 30), was a 1973 Supreme Court of the Philippines case that allowed the 1973 Philippine Constitution to come into full force, which led to President Ferdinand Marcos staying in office and ruling by decree until he was ousted by the People Power Revolution in 1986. The decision became the cornerstone of subsequent decisions whenever the validity of the 1973 Constitution was questioned. Background Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972. The Congress of the Philippines was then padlocked, and full legislative authority was vested on Marcos who ordered by decree. Many prominent members of the opposition, notably Benigno Aquino Jr. and Jose W. Diokno, were arrested and placed in military jails. Despite the declaration of martial law, the 1971 Constitutional Convention continued. On November 29, 1972, the Convention approved the new constitution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of The Philippines
The Supreme Court (; colloquially referred to as the ' (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission on June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute. History Early history Prior to the conquest of Spain, the islands of the Philippines were composed of independent barangay state, barangays, each of which is a community composed of 30 to 100 families. Typically, a barangay is headed by a ''datu'' or a local chief who exercises all functions of government: executive, legislative and judicial; he is also the commander-in-chief in time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jose Diokno
Jose Wright Diokno (; February 26, 1922 – February 27, 1987), also known as "''Ka Pepe''," was a Filipino statesman, nationalist, and lawyer. Regarded as the "Father of Human Rights" in the country, he served as a Senate of the Philippines, Senator of the Philippines, Secretary of Justice (Philippines), Secretary of Justice, chairman of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights (forerunner of the Commission on Human Rights (Philippines), Commission on Human Rights), and founder of the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG), which is the oldest national organization composed of human rights lawyers. Diokno is the only person to top both the Philippine Bar Examination and the board exam for Certified Public Accountants (CPA). His career was dedicated to the promotion of human rights, the defense of Philippine sovereignty, and the enactment of pro-Filipino economic legislation. In 2004, Diokno was posthumously conferred the Order of Lakandula with the rank of Supremo—the sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joker Arroyo
Ceferino "Joker" Paz Arroyo Jr. (; January 5, 1927 – October 5, 2015) was a Filipino statesman and key figure in the 1986 EDSA Revolution, EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos. He was a Congressman for Makati from 1992 to 2001 and Senator of the Philippines, Senator from 2001 to 2013. Arroyo received various awards and commendations for his significant contributions to the law profession and public service. Among these are the Philippine Bar Association's Most Distinguished Award for Justice as a "man beholden to no one except to his country" and Senate Resolution No. 100 enacted in the 8th Congress of the Philippines, 8th Congress citing his invaluable service to the Filipino people. He was also known for being the thriftiest legislator, earning the title of "Scrooge of Congress", as he only had few staff members without bodyguards and did not use his pork barrel funds. In 2018, Arroyo was identified by the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soc Rodrigo
Francisco "Soc" Aldana Rodrigo (January 29, 1914 – January 4, 1998) was a Filipino playwright, lawyer, broadcaster, and a Senator of the Philippines from 1955 to 1967. In honor of in the struggle against the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, his name was inscribed on the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani in 1998 - the year in which he died. A national cultural award named in his honor, the Gawad Soc Rodrigo is given by the Philippines' Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) and National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). Personal life Rodrigo was born on 29 January 1914 in Bulacan, Bulacan, to food vendor Marcela Aldana and horse-carriage driver Melecio Rodrigo. He was a relative to the Filipino heroes Marcelo del Pilar and Gregorio del Pilar. In 1937, Rodrigo married his childhood sweetheart Remedios Enriquez. Prior to this, he took Law at the University of the Philippines, which he finished in 1938. Education Rodrigo received his elementary educa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedfrey Ordoñez
Sedfrey Andres Ordoñez (September 1, 1921 – November 18, 2007) was a Filipino lawyer, government official, academic, linguist, and poet. He was the delegate of his home province of Nueva Ecija to the Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1971. At different times within the term of President Corazon Aquino, Ordoñez served as solicitor general, secretary of justice, and later, as permanent representative and ambassador to the United Nations. During the term of President Fidel V. Ramos, he served as Chair of the Commission on Human Rights. He was also played key roles in numerous Philippine Non-governmental organizations including Bantay Katarungan, Bantayog ng mga Bayani, and Kilosbayan. As a writer, he authored numerous works including poetry, plays, essays, and an autobiography titled 50 Years in Law and Letters. His name is inscribed on the wall of the remembrance of the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the martyrs and heroes of the resistance against the Marcos di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovito Salonga
Jovito Reyes Salonga, Knights of Rizal, KGCR (; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino people, Filipino lawyer and politician, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the Proclamation No. 1081, declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was then elected as the 14th president of the Senate of the Philippines and the first one after the new Constitution was just ratified, serving from 1987 up to his retirement from politics in 1992. Salonga was known as the “Nation’s Premier Fiscalizer.” He is the only person to top the bar exam and the senatorial race multiple times (with the sole record of three elections garnering the highest number of popular votes in 1965, 1971, and 1987 immediately after People Power). Early life and education Jovito Salonga was born in poverty in Brgy. San Miguel, Pasig on June 22, 1920. His father wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo Tañada
Lorenzo Martinez "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr. (, August 10, 1898 – May 28, 1992) was a Filipino statesman, lawyer, human and civil rights defender, and national athlete. He is often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Politics." He served as the Solicitor General for two terms. Following his election in 1947 where he placed 1st with the highest number of votes among the Senate candidates, he then had a sterling career as a long-time senator in Philippine Senate History, being elected to four consecutive terms from 1947 until 1971, for a total of 24 straight years in the senate. He was a fierce nationalist and principled politician. A staunch opponent to martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, he marched and led rallies in the Parliament of the Streets. He is also equally renowned for his efforts to stop the continued presence of US military bases in the Philippines through the Anti-Bases Coalition (ABC). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gil Puyat
Gil Juco Puyat Sr. (September 1, 1907 – March 22, 1981) was a Filipino politician and businessman who served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1951 until 1972, when President Ferdinand Marcos shut Congress down and declared Martial Law, and as Senate President from 1967 to 1972, usurping the seat of Arturo Tolentino. Education Having been exposed to the world of business, Puyat was inevitably drawn to a course in commerce for his higher education. This he pursued at the University of the Philippines where he topped his class. Even as a student, he was already immersed in intricate operations of finance and expense, of capital and production, and of management labor handling. Despite his success, he was said to have been a part of a racist and controversial student movement group. He was a member of the college-basePan Xenia Fraternityand Upsilon Sigma Phi. Early career He became a member of the Rotary Club of Manila at about the same time that he was also a young p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of The Philippines
The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large (the country forms one district in Philippine Senate elections, senatorial elections) under a Plurality block voting, plurality-at-large voting system. Senators serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms, with half of the senators elected in staggered elections every three years. When the Senate was restored by the Constitution of the Philippines, 1987 Constitution, the 24 senators who were elected in 1987 served until 1992. In 1992, the 12 candidates for the Senate obtaining the highest number of votes served until 1998, while the next 12 served until 1995. This is in accordance with the transitory provisions of the Constitution. Thereafter, each senator electe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raul M
Raul, Raúl, Raül, and Raüll are forms of a common first name in Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Galician, Asturian, Basque, Aragonese, and Catalan. The name is cognate of the Anglo-Germanic given name Ralph or Rudolph and the French Raoul, and is derived from Old English Rædwulf through Radulf.Entry 'Raul' in th inforpedia.pt website. Accessed on 2023-03-19. It is also a popular common boy name in . The name is usually spelled "Raul" in Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian; [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alejandro Roces
Alejandro Reyes Roces (13 July 1924 – 23 May 2011) was a Filipino author, essayist, dramatist and a National Artist of the Philippines for literature. He served as Secretary of Education from 1962 to 1965, during the term of Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal. Noted for his short stories, the Manila-born Roces was married to Irene Yorston Viola (granddaughter of Maximo Viola), with whom he had a daughter, Elizabeth Roces-Pedrosa. He attended elementary and high school at the Ateneo de Manila University, before moving to the University of Arizona and then Arizona State University for his tertiary education. He graduated with a B.A. in Fine Arts and, not long after, attained his M.A. from the Far Eastern University back in the Philippines.Panitikan.com He has since received honorary doctorates from To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Philippine Constitutional Plebiscite
The Philippine constitutional plebiscite of 1973 occurred from 10 to 15 January which ratified the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines. Background In 1970, 320 delegates were elected to a constitutional convention which began to meet in 1971. On 23 September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos issued the formal declaration of martial law which led to the arrests of 11 conveners, alongside government critics and journalists, by the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine Constabulary. The convention then re-convened and wrote a constitution in line with what President Ferdinand Marcos wanted, at least, according to many critics and victims of martial law. Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 86 calling for the cancellation of the plebiscite and instituted barangays' ''citizens' assemblies'' to ratify the new constitution by a plebiscite from 10–15 January 1973. Alongside the utilization of citizens' assemblies, the voting age was also reduced to 15. Voting in citi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
