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Raspenava
Raspenava (; german: Raspenau) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,800 inhabitants. Geography Raspenava is located about north of Liberec, in a salient region of Frýdlant Hook. It lies mostly in the Frýdlant Hills. The southern part of the municipal territory extends into the Jizera Mountains and includes the highest point of Raspenava, located below the top of the mountain Poledník at above sea level. The Smědá River flows through the town. Two thirds of the territory are situated in the Jizerské hory Protected Landscape Area. Half of the Czech part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site named Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe is situated in the southernmost part of the territory of Raspenava. History The first written mention of Raspenava is from 1343. The village was located on the left bank of the Smědá River, and there were several small hamlets on the right bank. Rasp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Gryfów Śląski
Gmina Gryfów Śląski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Gryfów Śląski, which lies approximately south-west of Lwówek Śląski, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 9,697. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Gryfów Śląski is bordered by the gminas of Leśna, Lubań, Lubomierz, Lwówek Śląski, Mirsk, Nowogrodziec and Olszyna. Villages Apart from the town of Gryfów Śląski, the gmina contains the villages of Krzewie Wielkie, Młyńsko, Proszówka, Rząsiny, Ubocze, Wieża and Wolbromów. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Gryfów Śląski is twinned with: * Bischofswerda, Germany * Gryfice, Poland * Raspenava Raspenava (; german: Raspenau) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,800 inhabitants. Geography Raspenava is loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bischofswerda
Bischofswerda (; hsb, Biskopicy) is a small town in Germany at the western edge of Upper Lusatia in Saxony. Geography The town is located 33 km to the east of Dresden at the edge of the Upper Lusatian mountain country. The town is known as the "Gateway to Upper Lusatia" – "Tor zur Oberlausitz" in German. Located in the district of Bautzen, the town is 18 km west of Bautzen itself. Großdrebnitz is among its quarters. The river Wesenitz flows through the town. History The first documentary evidence of the existence of Bischofswerda dates from 1227.Unfug, von Regina, Hantzsch; Stadtbilder aus Bischofswerda, Leiziger Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1994 Nominally the town was founded by the Bishops of Meissen, though it may have existed before that point. In 1288 city walls were constructed. The first mention of Bischofswerda as a city is in a document dating from 1361. The town remained under the authority of the Bishops of Meissen until 1559 when power was trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberec District
Liberec District ( cs, okres Liberec) is the district (''okres'') within the Liberec Region of Czech Republic. As its name implies, its administrative center is the city of Liberec. Complete list of municipalities Bílá - Bílý Kostel nad Nisou - Bílý Potok - Bulovka - Černousy - Český Dub - Cetenov - Chotyně - Chrastava - Čtveřín - Dětřichov - Dlouhý Most - Dolní Řasnice - Frýdlant - Habartice - Hejnice - Heřmanice - Hlavice - Hodkovice nad Mohelkou - Horní Řasnice - Hrádek nad Nisou - Jablonné v Podještědí - Janovice v Podještědí - Janův Důl - Jeřmanice - Jindřichovice pod Smrkem - Kobyly - Krásný Les - Křižany - Kryštofovo Údolí - Kunratice - Lázně Libverda - Lažany - Liberec - Mníšek - Nová Ves - Nové Město pod Smrkem - Oldřichov v Hájích - Osečná - Paceřice - Pěnčín - Pertoltice - Příšovice - Proseč pod Ještědem - Radimovice - Raspenava - Ry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Karl Scholz
Heinrich Karl Scholz (16 October 1880 – 12 June 1937) was an Austrian sculptor and medalist. Life and work He initially studied porcelain processing and modeling at the Kunstgewerbeschulen in Haindorf and Reichenberg. He then studied sculpting at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, with Hans Bitterlich and Edmund von Hellmer. In 1908, the Academy awarded him its Gundel-Prize for excellence. Following graduation he was able to make an extensive study trip to Italy, France, Belgium and Germany.Ilse Krumpöck: ''Die Bildwerke im Heeresgeschichtlichen Museum.'', 2004, pg.151 During World War I, he was commissioned to plan and create thirty-four war cemeteries and memorials inin the vicinity of Tarnów and Gorlice. After the war, he worked as a freelance sculptor in Vienna. From there, he created several large sculptures for his home region. He also created numerous statuettes and medals that were reproduced in porcelain and bronze for many years after his death. Many were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frýdlant Hills
Frýdlant (; also known as Frýdlant v Čechách, german: Friedland in Böhmen) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,400 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone. Administrative parts Villages of Albrechtice u Frýdlantu and Větrov are administrative parts of Frýdlant. Geography Frýdlant is located about northwest of Liberec, in a salient region of Frýdlant Hook, close to the border with Poland. It lies mostly in the Frýdlant Hills. The southern part of the municipal territory extends into the Jizera Mountains and includes the highest point of Frýdlant, the hill Špičák at above sea level. The Smědá River flows through the town. History Early history The area was settled by Slavic ( Sorbian) tribes from Lusatia from the 6th century onwards and in the 12th century was incorporated into the Upper Lusatian (''Land Budissin'') territory, then held by the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
Obec (plural: ''obce'') is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is "commune" or "community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition Legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is composed of one or more administrative parts, usually called town parts or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost whole area of the republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller municipalities consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". To be selected, a World Heritage Site must be a somehow unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable and has special cultural or physical significance. For example, World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains, or wilderness areas. A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humanity, and serve as evidence of our intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of great natural beauty. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister City
A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of international links between municipalities akin to what are known as sister cities or twin towns today dating back to the 9th century, the modern concept was first established and adopted worldwide during World War II. Origins of the modern concept The modern concept of town twinning has its roots in the Second World War. More specifically, it was inspired by the bombing of Coventry on 14 November 1940, known as the Coventry Blitz. First conceived by the then Mayor of Coventry, Alfred Robert Grindlay, culminating in his renowned telegram to the people of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in 1942, the idea emerged as a way of establishing solidarity links between cities in allied countries that went through similar devastating events. The comradeshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lime (material)
Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic material composed primarily of oxides and hydroxide, usually calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide. It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta. The International Mineralogical Association recognizes lime as a mineral with the chemical formula of CaO. The word ''lime'' originates with its earliest use as building mortar and has the sense of ''sticking or adhering''. These materials are still used in large quantities as building and engineering materials (including limestone products, cement, concrete, and mortar), as chemical feedstocks, and for sugar refining, among other uses. Lime industries and the use of many of the resulting products date from prehistoric times in both the Old World and the New World. Lime is used extensively for wastewater treatment with ferrous sulfate. The rocks and minerals from which these materials are derived, ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammer Mill
A hammer mill, hammer forge or hammer works was a workshop in the pre- industrial era that was typically used to manufacture semi-finished, wrought iron products or, sometimes, finished agricultural or mining tools, or military weapons. The feature that gave its name to these workshops was the water-driven trip hammer, or set of hammers, used in the process. The shaft, or 'helve', of the hammer was pivoted in the middle and the hammer head was lifted by the action of cams set on a rotating camshaft that periodically depressed the end of the shaft. As it rose and fell, the head of the hammer described an arc. The face of the hammer was made of iron for durability. Hammer mills These mills, which were original driven by water wheels, but later also by steam power, became increasingly common as tools became heavier over time and therefore more difficult to manufacture by hand. The hammer mills smelted iron ore using charcoal in so-called bloomeries (Georgius Agricola 1556, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient And Primeval Beech Forests Of The Carpathians And Other Regions Of Europe
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe is a transnational serial nature UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing 94 component parts (forests of European beech, ''Fagus sylvatica'') in 18 European countries. Together, the sites protect the largest and least disturbed forests dominated by the beech tree. In many of these stands (especially those in the Carpathians), these forests here were allowed to proceed without interruption or interference since the last ice age. These sites document the undisturbed postglacial repopulation of the species. Carpathian region The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians include ten separate massifs located along the long axis from the Rakhiv mountains and Chornohora ridge in Ukraine over the Poloniny Ridge (Slovakia) to the Vihorlat Mountains in Slovakia. The Ancient Beech Forests of Germany include five locations, cover 4,391 hectares and were added in 2011. The Carpathian site covers a total a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains ( cz, Jizerské hory), or Izera Mountains ( pl, Góry Izerskie; german: Isergebirge), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of the Smrk massif. The beech forests within the Jizera Mountains were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, because of their outstanding preservation and testimony to the ecological history of Europe (and the beech family specifically) since the Last Glacial Period. Geography The range stretches from the Lusatian Mountains (Zittau Mountains) in the northwest to the Krkonoše in the southeast. The Jizera Mountains comprise the sources of the Jizera river, as well as of the Kwisa and the Lusatian Neisse. The major part in the south is formed from granite, in the northern part from gneisses and mica schists, with some are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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