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Rapid Prompting Method
The rapid prompting method (RPM) is a pseudoscientific technique that attempts to aid people with autism or other disabilities to communicate through pointing, typing, or writing. Also known as Spelling to Communicate, it is closely related to the scientifically discredited''Facilitated Communication: Sifting the Psychological Wheat from the Chaff''. American Psychological Association. June 13, 2016. technique (FC). Practitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facilitated Communication
Facilitated communication (FC), or supported typing, is a scientifically discredited technique which claims to allow non-verbal people, such as those with autism, to communicate. The technique involves a facilitator guiding the disabled person's arm or hand in an attempt to help them type on a keyboard or other such device that they are unable to properly use if unfacilitated. There is widespread agreement within the scientific community and among disability advocacy organizations that FC is a pseudoscience. Research indicates that the facilitator is the source of the messages obtained through FC, rather than the disabled person. The facilitator may believe they are not the source of the messages due to the ideomotor effect, which is the same effect that guides a Ouija board and dowsing rods. Studies have consistently found that FC is unable to provide the correct response to even simple questions when the facilitator does not know the answers to the questions (e.g., showing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Medicine
Alternative medicine refers to practices that aim to achieve the healing effects of conventional medicine, but that typically lack biological plausibility, testability, repeatability, or supporting evidence of effectiveness. Such practices are generally not part of evidence-based medicine. Unlike modern medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of Guidelines for human subject research, responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing repeatable evidence of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside outside of mainstream medicine and do not originate from using the scientific method, but instead rely on testimonials, anecdotes, religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "Energy (esotericism), energies", pseudoscience, fallacy, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Frequently used terms for relevant practices are New Age medicine, wikt:pseudo-medicine, pseudo-medicine, unortho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Geographic (magazine)
''National Geographic'' (formerly ''The National Geographic Magazine'', sometimes branded as ''Nat Geo'') is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months after the establishment of the society, but is now a popular magazine. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well known. Its first color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the physical geography, physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain. Later, the magazine became outspoken on Environmentalism, environmental issues. Until 2015, the magazine was completely owned and managed by the National Geographic Society. Since 2015, controlling interest has been held by National Geographic Partners. Topics of features generally concern geography, history, nature, science, and world culture. The magazine is well known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
60 Minutes II
''60 Minutes II'' (also known as ''60 Minutes Wednesday'' and ''60 Minutes'') is an American weekly primetime news magazine television program that was intended to replicate the "signature style, journalistic quality and integrity" of the original ''60 Minutes'' series. It was initially allocated the slot on CBS on Wednesdays, then it was later moved to Fridays at 8:00p.m. The original ''60 Minutes'' continued airing on Sunday nights throughout the run of ''60 Minutes II''. The first edition of ''60 Minutes II'' ran on January 13, 1999. Its final broadcast was on September 2, 2005. ''60 Minutes II'' was renamed ''60 Minutes'' by CBS for the fall of 2004. CBS News president Andrew Heyward stated at the time, "The Roman numeral II created some confusion on the part of the viewers and suggested a watered-down version." The show was later renamed ''60 Minutes Wednesday'' to differentiate it from the original ''60 Minutes'' Sunday edition, but reverted to its original title on July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skeptical Inquirer
''Skeptical Inquirer'' (S.I.) is a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle "The Magazine for Science and Reason". The magazine initially focused on investigating claims of the paranormal, but evolved and expanded to address other pseudoscientific topics that are antithetical to critical thinking and science. Notable skeptics have credited the magazine in influencing their development of scientific skepticism. In the "Letters to the Editor", the most frequent letters of appreciation come from educators. History The magazine was originally titled ''The Zetetic'' (from the Greek meaning "skeptical seeker" or "inquiring skeptic"), and was originally edited by Marcello Truzzi. About a year after its inception a schism developed between the editor Truzzi and the rest of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP). CSICOP was more "firmly opposed to nonsense, more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vikram Jaswal
Vikram Kenneth Jaswal is a developmental psychologist known for his work on autism, particularly augmentative communication supports for nonspeaking autistic people. He holds the position of Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia. Biography Jaswal earned his B.A. in psychology from Columbia University in 1995. He then attended graduate school at the University of Edinburgh where he obtained his MSc in neuroscience. He then attended Stanford University, where he received his M.A. in psychology in 2000, and his PhD in developmental psychology in 2003. As a graduate student, Jaswal's research focused on word learning in young children. Jaswal's dissertation focused on how three and four-year-old children process linguistic labels assigned to anomalous objects, for which he received the National Institute of Mental Health National Research Service Award predoctoral research grant. After receiving his PhD, Jaswal moved to the University of Virginia in 2003. His earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Errorless Learning
Errorless learning was an instructional design introduced by psychologist Charles Ferster in the 1950s as part of his studies on what would make the most effective learning environment. B. F. Skinner was also influential in developing the technique, noting that, ...errors are not necessary for learning to occur. Errors are not a function of learning or vice versa nor are they blamed on the learner. Errors are a function of poor analysis of behavior, a poorly designed shaping program, moving too fast from step to step in the program, and the lack of the prerequisite behavior necessary for success in the program. Errorless learning can also be understood at a synaptic level, using the principle of Hebbian learning ("Neurons that fire together wire together"). Many of Skinner's other students and followers continued to test the idea. In 1963, Herbert Terrace wrote a paper describing an experiment with pigeons which allows discrimination learning to occur with few or even with no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For Science In Autism Treatment
Association may refer to: *Club (organization), an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal *Trade association, an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry *Voluntary association, a body formed by individuals to accomplish a purpose, usually as volunteers * Non profit association, a body formed by individuals to accomplish a purpose without any profit interest *Collaboration, the act of working together Association in various fields of study *Association (archaeology), the close relationship between objects or contexts. * Association (astronomy), combined or co-added group of astronomical exposures *Association (chemistry) *Association (ecology), a type of ecological community *Genetic association, when one or more genotypes within a population co-occur *Association (object-oriented programming), defines a relationship between classes of objects *Association (psychology), a connection between two or more concep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Association On Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) is an American non-profit organization focusing on intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities. AAIDD has members in the United States and more than 50 other countries. History The AAIDD was founded in 1876 by Édouard Séguin, and is the oldest professional association concerned with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. The name of the association has changed five times in its history, reflecting the changes in thinking about the condition known today as intellectual disability: * 1876: Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons * 1906: American Association for the Study of the Feebleminded * 1933: American Association on Mental Deficiency * 1987: American Association on Mental Retardation * 2007: American Association on Intellectual and Develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanderbilt University
Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU) is a private university, private research university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of shipping and railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided the school its initial $1 million endowment in the hopes that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the American Civil War. Vanderbilt is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and has been the conference's only private school since 1966. The university comprises ten schools and enrolls nearly 13,800 students from the US and 70 foreign countries. Vanderbilt is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Several research centers and institutes are affiliated with the university, including the Robert Penn Warren, Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities, the Freedom Foru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
