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Random Testing
Random testing is a black-box software testing technique where programs are tested by generating random, independent inputs. Results of the output are compared against software specifications to verify that the test output is pass or fail. In case of absence of specifications the exceptions of the language are used which means if an exception arises during test execution then it means there is a fault in the program, it is also used as a way to avoid biased testing. History of random testing Random testing for hardware was first examined by Melvin Breuer in 1971 and initial effort to evaluate its effectiveness was done by Pratima and Vishwani Agrawal in 1975. In software, Duran and Ntafos had examined random testing in 1984. The use of hypothesis testing as a theoretical basis for random testing was described by Howden in ''Functional Testing and Analysis''. The book also contained the development of a simple formula for estimating the number of tests ''n'' that are needed to ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Melvin Breuer
Melvin is a masculine given name and surname, likely a variant of Melville and a descendant of the French surname de Maleuin and the later Melwin. It may alternatively be spelled as Melvyn or, in Welsh, Melfyn and the name Melivinia or Melva may be used a feminine form. Of Norman French origin, originally Malleville, which translates to "bad town," it likely made its way into usage in Scotland as a result of the Norman conquest of England. It came into use as a given name as early as the 19th century, in English-speaking populations. As a name Given name Academics *Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), American chemist who discovered the Calvin cycle *Melvin Day (1923–2016), New Zealand artist and art historian *Melvin Hochster (born 1943), American mathematician *Melvin Konner (born 1946), Professor of Anthropology *Melvin Schwartz (1932–2006), American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988 *Melvin Alvah Traylor, Jr. (1915–2008), American ornithologist Busines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Clojure
Clojure (, like ''closure'') is a dynamic and functional dialect of the Lisp programming language on the Java platform. Like other Lisp dialects, Clojure treats code as data and has a Lisp macro system. The current development process is community-driven, overseen by Rich Hickey as its benevolent dictator for life (BDFL). Clojure advocates immutability and immutable data structures and encourages programmers to be explicit about managing identity and its states. This focus on programming with immutable values and explicit progression-of-time constructs is intended to facilitate developing more robust, especially concurrent, programs that are simple and fast. While its type system is entirely dynamic, recent efforts have also sought the implementation of a dependent type system. History and development process Rich Hickey is the creator of the Clojure language. Before Clojure, he developed dotLisp, a similar project based on the .NET platform, and three earlier a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Edge Case
An edge case is a problem or situation that occurs only at an extreme (maximum or minimum) operating parameter. For example, a stereo speaker might noticeably distort audio when played at maximum volume, even in the absence of any other extreme setting or condition. An edge case can be expected or unexpected. In engineering, the process of planning for and gracefully addressing edge cases can be a significant task, and yet this task may be overlooked or underestimated. Non-trivial edge cases can result in the failure of an object that is being engineered. They may not have been foreseen during the design phase, and they may not have been thought possible during normal use of the object. For this reason, attempts to formalize good engineering standards often include information about edge cases. Software engineering In programming, an edge case typically involves input values that require special handling in an algorithm behind a computer program. As a measure for validating th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Corner Case
In engineering, a corner case (or pathological case) involves a problem or situation that occurs only outside normal operating parameters—specifically one that manifests itself when multiple environmental variables or conditions are simultaneously at extreme levels, even though each parameter is within the specified range for that parameter. For example, a loudspeaker might distort audio, but only when played at maximum volume, maximum bass, and in a high-humidity environment. Or a computer server may be unreliable, but only with the maximum complement of 64 processors, 512 GB of memory, and 10,000 signed-on users. The investigation of corner cases is of extreme importance as it can provide engineers with valuable insight into how corner case effects can be mitigated. In the case where automotive radar fails, corner case investigation can possibly tell engineers and investigators alike what may have occurred. Corner cases form part of an engineer's lexicon—especially an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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SystemVerilog
SystemVerilog, standardized as IEEE 1800, is a hardware description and hardware verification language used to model, design, simulate, test and implement electronic systems. SystemVerilog is based on Verilog and some extensions, and since 2008 Verilog is now part of the same IEEE standard. It is commonly used in the semiconductor and electronic design industry as an evolution of Verilog. History SystemVerilog started with the donation of the Superlog language to Accellera in 2002 by the startup company Co-Design Automation. The bulk of the verification functionality is based on the OpenVera language donated by Synopsys. In 2005, SystemVerilog was adopted as IEEE Standard 1800-2005. In 2009, the standard was merged with the base Verilog (IEEE 1364-2005) standard, creating IEEE Standard 1800-2009. The current version is IEEE standard 1800-2017. The feature-set of SystemVerilog can be divided into two distinct roles: # SystemVerilog for register-transfer level (RTL) design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Lazy Systematic Unit Testing
Lazy Systematic Unit TestingA J H Simons, JWalk: Lazy systematic unit testing of Java classes by design introspection and user interaction, ''Automated Software Engineering, 14 (4), December'', ed. B. Nuseibeh, (Boston: Springer, 2007), 369-418. is a software unit testing method based on the two notions of ''lazy specification'', the ability to infer the evolving specification of a unit on-the-fly by dynamic analysis, and ''systematic testing'', the ability to explore and test the unit's state space exhaustively to bounded depths. A testing toolkit JWalk exists to support lazy systematic unit testing in the Java programming language.''The JWalk Home Page'', http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~ajhs/jwalk/ Lazy Specification Lazy specification refers to a flexible approach to software specification, in which a specification evolves rapidly in parallel with frequently modified code. The specification is inferred by a semi-automatic analysis of a prototype software unit. This can include sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Fuzz Testing
Fuzz may refer to: * ''Fuzz'' (film), a 1972 American comedy * '' Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law'', a nonfiction book by Mary Roach * The fuzz, a slang term for police officers Music * Fuzz (electric guitar), distortion effects to create "warm" and "dirty" sounds * Fuzz (band), a garage rock band featuring Ty Segall, Charles Moothart and Chad Ubovich ** ''Fuzz'' (Fuzz album), their 2013 debut studio album * The Fuzz (band), a 1970s American female vocal trio ** ''The Fuzz'' (album), their 1970 debut album * ''Fuzz'' (Alice Donut album), 2006 punk album * ''Fuzz'' (Junkhouse album), 1996 rock album * "Fuzz", a 2007 song by Japanese rock band Mucc People * Fuzz White (1916–2003), Major League Baseball player * Calvin "Fuzz" Jones (1926–2010), American electric blues bassist and singer * Steve "Fuzz" Kmak (born 1970), American bassist who formerly played in the heavy metal band Disturbed * Fuzz Scoota, American underground rapper who performs with D12 * Fuzz Townshend ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Test Oracle
In computing, software engineering, and software testing, a test oracle (or just oracle) is a mechanism for determining whether a test has passed or failed. The use of oracles involves comparing the output(s) of the system under test, for a given test-case input, to the output(s) that the oracle determines that product should have. The term "test oracle" was first introduced in a paper by William E. Howden. Additional work on different kinds of oracles was explored by Elaine Weyuker. Oracles often operate separately from the system under test.Jalote, Pankaj; ''An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering'', Springer/Birkhäuser, 2005, However, method postconditions are part of the system under test, as automated oracles in design by contract models. Determining the correct output for a given input (and a set of program or system states) is known as the oracle problem or test oracle problem, which is a much harder problem than it seems, and involves working with problems rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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JUnit
JUnit is a unit testing framework for the Java programming language. JUnit has been important in the development of test-driven development, and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks which is collectively known as xUnit that originated with SUnit. JUnit is linked as a JAR at compile-time. The latest version of the framework, JUnit 5, resides under package org.junit.jupiter. Previous versions JUnit 4 and JUnit 3 were under packages org.junit and junit.framework, respectively. A research survey performed in 2013 across 10,000 Java projects hosted on GitHub found that JUnit (in a tie with slf4j-api) was the most commonly included external library. Each library was used by 30.7% of projects. Example of a JUnit test fixture A JUnit test fixture is a Java object. Test methods must be annotated by the @Test annotation. If the situation requires it, it is also possible to define a method to execute before (or after) each (or all) of the test methods with the @BeforeEach (or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Vishwani Agrawal
Vishwani D. Agrawal (born 7 February 1943) is the James J. Danaher Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Auburn University. He has over four decades of industry and university experience, including working at Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, Rutgers University, TRW and IIT, Delhi. He is well known as a cofounder and long-term mentor of the International Conference on VLSI Design held annually in India since 1985. Education He obtained his BE from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee in 1964, ME from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, in 1966; and PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in 1971. Contributions His research includes investigations on probabilistic aspects of testing, and original contributions in combinational ATPG method for partial-scan circuits, spectral testing methods, adaptive and asynchronous clock testing, hazard-free low-power design, high-speed testing methods. Internation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Haskell (programming Language)
Haskell () is a general-purpose, statically-typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation. Designed for teaching, research and industrial applications, Haskell has pioneered a number of programming language features such as type classes, which enable type-safe operator overloading, and monadic IO. Haskell's main implementation is the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). It is named after logician Haskell Curry. Haskell's semantics are historically based on those of the Miranda programming language, which served to focus the efforts of the initial Haskell working group. The last formal specification of the language was made in July 2010, while the development of GHC continues to expand Haskell via language extensions. Haskell is used in academia and industry. , Haskell was the 28th most popular programming language by Google searches for tutorials, and made up less than 1% of active users on the GitHub source code repository. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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QuickCheck
QuickCheck is a software library, specifically a combinator library, originally written in the programming language Haskell, designed to assist in software testing by generating test cases for test suites – an approach known as property testing. Software It is compatible with the compiler, Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC) and the interpreter, Haskell User's Gofer System ( Hugs). It is free and open-source software released under a BSD-style license. In QuickCheck, assertions are written about logical properties that a function should fulfill. Then QuickCheck attempts to generate a test case that falsifies such assertions. Once such a test case is found, QuickCheck tries to reduce it to a minimal failing subset by removing or simplifying input data that are unneeded to make the test fail. The project began in 1999. Besides being used to test regular programs, QuickCheck is also useful for building up a functional specification, for documenting what functions should ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |