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Rally For France And European Independence
The Rally for France ( (RPF); also briefly known in 2003 as Rally for France and European Independence or ) was a right-wing political party in France. It was founded in 1999 by Gaullist former Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, then allied with Philippe de Villiers (ex- UDF). The RPF aimed to fight against globalisation and European federalism. The party was opposed to further European integration. The new party enjoyed early electoral success when it placed second in the 1999 European Parliament election in France, scoring 13 percent of the vote and winning 13 seats. This placed it behind the Socialist Party but ahead of the established centre-right parties, the Rally for the Republic- DL list and the UDF. However, Philippe de Villiers' departure in late 2000, in order to refound his Movement for France, severely damaged the party and Pasqua failed to run in the 2002 Presidential elections. Furthermore, the RPF suffered several setbacks in various elections and failed to regain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Pasqua
Charles Victor Pasqua (18 April 192729 June 2015) was a French businessman and Gaullist politician. He was Interior Minister from 1986 to 1988, under Jacques Chirac's ''cohabitation'' government, and also from 1993 to 1995, under the government of Edouard Balladur. Early life and family background Pasqua was born on 18 April 1927 in Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes. His paternal grandfather was a shepherd from Casevecchie, Corsica and he could speak Corsican fluently. As of 1987, his cousin served as the mayor of Casevecchie. During World War II, Pasqua joined the French Resistance at the age of sixteen. He subsequently received his Baccalauréat, followed by a degree in Law. Business career From 1952 to 1971 Pasqua worked for Ricard, a producer of alcoholic beverages (most notably pastis), starting as a salesman. In 1971, he founded Euralim, also known as Europe-Alimentation, an importer of Americano, a cocktail made by the Italian company Gancia. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Political Parties In France
This article contains a list of political parties in France. France has a Multi-party system, multi-party political system: one in which the number of competing political party, political parties is sufficiently large as to make it almost inevitable that, in order to participate in the exercise of power, any single party must be prepared to negotiate with one or more others with a view to forming electoral alliances and/or coalition agreements. The dominant French political parties are also characterised by a noticeable degree of intra-party political faction, factionalism, making each of them effectively a coalition in itself. Up until recently, the government of France had alternated between two rather stable coalitions: * on the centre-left, one led by the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party and with minor partners such as The Greens (France), The Greens and the Radical Party of the Left. * on the centre-right, one led by Les Républicains, The Republicans (and previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of France
The Senate (, ) is the upper house of the French Parliament, with the lower house being the National Assembly (France), National Assembly, the two houses constituting the legislature of France. It is made up of 348 senators (''sénateurs'' and ''sénatrices'') elected by part of the country's Territorial collectivity, local councillors in indirect elections. Senators have six-year terms, with half of the seats up for election every three years. They represent France's Departments of France, departments (328), Overseas France, overseas collectivities (8) and List of senators of French citizens living abroad, citizens abroad (12). Senators' French Senate elections, mode of election varies upon their constituency's population size: in the less populated constituencies (one or two seats), they are elected individually, whereas in more populated ones (three seats or more), they are elected on lists. It is common for senators to hold dual mandates, such as in a Regional council (Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 European Parliament Election In France
European Parliament elections were held in France on 13 June 2004. The opposition Socialist Party made substantial gains, although this was mainly at the expense of minor parties. The governing Union for a Popular Movement and Union for French Democracy also made gains. Seats The elections were conducted in seven regional constituencies in metropolitan France, plus an eighth consisting of all overseas departments and territories. Allocation of seats was by proportional representation, with closed lists and no preferential voting, using the rule of the highest average, with a threshold of 5% of the votes in each. Results Members elected Nord-Ouest * Jean-Louis Bourlanges (Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe) *Jean-Louis Cottigny (Party of European Socialists) * Brigitte Douay (Party of European Socialists) * Hélène Flautre ( Greens-EFA) * Jean-Paul Gauzes (European People's Party) * Jacky Henin ( European United Left - Nordic Green Left) * Carl Lang (Non-Ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 French Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in France on 9 and 16 June 2002, to elect the 12th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, in a context of political crisis. The Socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin announced his political retirement after his elimination at the first round of the 2002 presidential elections. President Jacques Chirac was easily reelected, all the Republican parties having called to block far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen. Chirac's conservative supporters created the Union for the Presidential Majority (''Union pour la majorité présidentielle'' or UMP) to prepare for the legislative elections. The first round of the presidential election was a shock for the two main coalitions. The candidates of the parliamentary right obtained 32% of votes, and the candidates of the "Plural Left" only 27%. In the first polls, for the legislative elections, they were equal. The UMP campaigned against "cohabitation", which is blamed for causing confusion profitable to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 French Presidential Election
Presidential elections in France, Presidential elections were held in France on 21 April 2002, with a runoff election between the top two candidates, incumbent Jacques Chirac of the Rally for the Republic and Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Rally, National Front, on 5 May. This presidential contest attracted a greater than usual amount of international attention because of candidate Le Pen's unexpected appearance in the runoff election. Chirac ran for a second term, reduced to five years instead of seven previously by a 2000 French constitutional referendum, 2000 referendum, emphasising a strong economy (mostly unaffected by downturns in Germany and the United States). It was widely expected that Chirac and Lionel Jospin, the outgoing Cohabitation (government), cohabitation Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister and nominee of the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party, would be the most popular candidates in the first round, thus going on to face each other in the runoff, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement For France
The Movement for France (, MPF; ) was a Conservatism, conservative Soft Euroscepticism, Eurosceptic List of political parties in France, French political party, founded on 20 November 1994, with a marked Regions of France, regional stronghold in the Vendée. It was led by Philippe de Villiers, once communications minister under Jacques Chirac. The party was considered Eurosceptic, though not to the extent of seeking withdrawal from the European Union, contrasting with some mainstream Eurosceptic parties such as the UK Independence Party (UKIP). The MPF resisted increases in European integration and campaigned successfully for a "no" vote in the 2005 French European Constitution referendum, French referendum of 2005 on the proposed European Constitution. It was also strongly opposed to the possible accession of Turkey to the European Union and to what it saw as the Islamisation of France. The party was a member of President Nicolas Sarkozy's presidential majority, which gathered a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Democracy (France)
Liberal Democracy (, , DL) was a conservative liberalism, conservative-liberal List of political parties in France, political party in France which existed from 1997 to 2002. Led by Alain Madelin, it replaced the Republican Party (France), Republican Party (PR), the classical liberal component of the Union for French Democracy (UDF). It merged into the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) between the two rounds of the 2002 French presidential election, 2002 presidential election. History After Madelin won the leadership of the Republican Party on 24 June 1997 with 59.9% of the vote, he renamed the organisation 'Liberal Democracy', and moved the party further towards economic liberalism. This followed the formation of the Democratic Force (France), Democratic Force (FD) by the centrist, Christian democracy, Christian democratic component of the Union for French Democracy (UDF), leading to internal rivalry.Van Hecke and Gerard (2004), p. 208 Liberal Democracy became independent in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party (France)
The Socialist Party ( , PS) is a Centre-left politics, centre-left to Left-wing politics, left-wing List of political parties in France, political party in France. It holds Social democracy, social democratic and Pro-Europeanism, pro-European views. The PS was for decades the largest party of the "French Left" and used to be one of the two major political parties under the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic, along with the Rally for the Republic in the late 20th century, and with the Union for a Popular Movement in the early 2000s. It is currently led by First Secretary Olivier Faure. The PS is a member of the Party of European Socialists, Progressive Alliance and Socialist International. The PS was founded in 1969 from a merger of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Convention of Republican Institutions led by François Mitterrand, and other groups. In the 1970s, the PS surpassed the French Communist Party, Communist Party's share of the left-wing vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 European Parliament Election In France
European Parliament elections were held in France on 13 June 1999. Once again, abstention was very high for this type of election- only 47% of eligible voters voted. The election was also the first French European election to be won by the French Socialist Party, Socialist Party (PS). In a major surprise and historical upset for the government, Charles Pasqua, Charles Pasqua's and Philippe de Villiers, Philippe de Villiers' list uniting Pasqua's new Gaullist Rally for France (RPF) and de Villiers' eurosceptic Movement for France (MPF) list surpassed the list of President Jacques Chirac's Rally for the Republic, RPR-Liberal Democracy (France), Liberal Democracy, led by Nicolas Sarkozy. The election ended Sarkozy's immediate political future, including a run for the presidency of the Rally for the Republic – Michèle Alliot-Marie, a close supporter of Chirac, succeeded him. However, the alliance between Pasqua and de Villiers proved to be ephemeral. de Villiers broke with Pasqua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Federalism
A federal Europe, also referred to as the United States of Europe (USE) or a European federation, is a hypothetical scenario of European integration leading to the formation of a sovereign superstate (similar to the United States of America), organised as a federation of the member countries of the European Union (EU), as contemplated by political scientists, politicians, geographers, historians, futurologists and fiction writers. At present, while the EU is not officially a federation or even a confederation, most contemporary scholars of federalism view the EU as a federal system, a supranational union, which has a flexible (see right to secession, Article 50 and Brexit) membership and competence delegation. It is to be differentiated to a fused ''European State'', or the concept of a ''European Republic'', equalizing European regions, past the member states, as advocated by Ulrike Guérot. History Various versions of the concept have developed over the centuries, many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globalisation
Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. This is made possible by the reduction of barriers to international trade, the liberalization of capital movements, the development of transportation, and the advancement of information and communication technologies. The term ''globalization'' first appeared in the early 20th century (supplanting an earlier French term ''mondialisation''). It developed its current meaning sometime in the second half of the 20th century, and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented international connectivity of the post–Cold War world. The origins of globalization can be traced back to the 18th and 19th centuries, driven by advances in transportation and communication technologies. These developments increased global interactions, fostering the growth of international trade and the exchange of ideas, beli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
