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Rallina
''Rallina'' is a genus of bird in the rail family, Rallidae. It contains four species found in forest and marshland in Asia and Australasia. They are 18–34 cm long and mainly chestnut or brown, often with black and white markings. Four African species formerly usually placed in ''Rallina'' are now placed in the genus ''Rallicula''; some taxonomic authorities continue to place them in ''Rallina'', but as the pronounced sexual dimorphism of ''Rallicula'' shows, they are no true rails at all, but instead belong to the recently separated (though outwardly similar) flufftail family Sarothruridae. Species The genus contains the following four species: A fifth ''Rallina'' species, the Great Nicobar crake, was proposed but not formally described in 2012. As of 2023, the supposed new species was only recorded twice, in 2011 and 2015; however, in 2021 populations of Red-legged and Slaty-legged crakes were discovered to inhabit Great Nicobar Island. It is thus more likel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rallina Eurizonoides
The slaty-legged crake or banded crake (''Rallina eurizonoides'') is a waterbird in the rail and crake family, Rallidae. Distribution and habitat Its breeding habitat is swamps and similar wet areas in well-wooded country across south Asia east from India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka to the Philippines and Indonesia. The rails are mainly permanent residents throughout their range, but some northern populations migrate further south in winter. Description The slaty-legged crake is about 25 cm long. Its body is flattened laterally to allow easier passage through the undergrowth. It has long toes and a short tail. Colouring includes a brown back, chestnut head and breast, and strong black-and-white barring on the flanks, belly and undertail. The throat is white, the bill is yellowish, and the legs are green. Sexes are similar; juveniles are dark brown above and below, although they have the belly barring and white throat. Behaviour Slaty-legged crakes are territorial, but ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rallina Canningi
The Andaman crake (''Rallina canningi'') is a bird species in the family Rallidae. It is endemic to the Andaman Islands of the eastern Indian Ocean. Taxonomy and systematics It was first described as the Andaman banded crake ''Euryzona canningi'' by Blyth in the 1863 issue of the journal, ''Ibis''. Later, it was treated as Andamaneese banded crake ''Rallina canningi'' by Baker in 1929. Subsequently, Ripley and Ali retained Baker's scientific name for the species, while reverting to Blyth's common name. Description This is the largest Rallina, measuring about 34 cm in length. It has a glossy chestnut plumage, extensive bold barring on underparts, unbarred undertail-coverts, relatively bright apple-green bill and relatively long and fluffy tail; legs and feet are olive-green. It also has pale barring on wings confined to outer primaries and greater and medium coverts. Juveniles are duller and less prominently barred.BLI (2008) Other similar looking crakes include other '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-legged Crake
The red-legged crake (''Rallina fasciata'') is a waterbird in the rail and crake family, Rallidae. Description It is a medium-large crake (length 24 cm). Its head, neck and breast red-brown, paler on throat. Its upper parts are grey-brown. Underparts and underwings are barred black and white. Its bill is green and its legs are red. Distribution and habitat Found in far north-eastern India, eastern Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Indonesia. It is recorded as a vagrant to north-western Australia. It is located in dense vegetation close to permanent wetlands. Behaviour Breeding Its clutch consists of 3-6 dull-white eggs. Voice Series of descending croaks, screams and grunts. Conservation With a large range and no evidence of significant decline, this species is assessed as being of least concern A least-concern species is a species that has been evaluated and categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as not bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-necked Crake
The red-necked crake (''Rallina tricolor'') is a waterbird in the rail and crake family, Rallidae. Description The red-necked crake is a large crake (length 25 cm, wingspan 40 cm, weight 200 g). Its head, neck and breast are red-brown, with a paler version of that color on the throat. The upperparts are grey-brown, while the underparts are grey-brown with pale barring. The underwing is barred black and white, the bill green, and the legs grey-brown. Distribution and habitat Red-necked crakes live in the Moluccas, Lesser Sundas, New Guinea lowlands and adjacent islands, and north-eastern Australia. They are found in tropical rainforests and dense vegetation close to permanent wetlands. Behaviour Diet The bird's diet consists of amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans and molluscs. Breeding The bird rests on or close to ground in dense vegetation. It lays clutches of 3-5 dull-white eggs, the incubation periods of which are around 20 days. The chicks emerge c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rallidae
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family (biology), family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots, and gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many are associated with wetland habitats, some being semi-aquatic like waterfowl (such as the coot), but many more are wading birds or shorebirds. The ideal rail habitats are marsh areas, including rice paddy, rice paddies, and flooded fields or open forest. They are especially fond of dense vegetation for nesting.Horsfall & Robinson (2003): pp. 206–207 The rail family is found in every Terrestrial animal, terrestrial habitat with the exception of dry desert, Polar climate, polar or freezing regions, and Alpine climate, alpine areas (above the snow line). Members of Rallidae occur on every continent except Antarctica. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarothruridae
Sarothruridae is a family of small- to medium-sized ground-living birds found mostly in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa, with the genus ''Rallicula'' being restricted to New Guinea and the Moluccas. The species in this family were once considered to sit with the larger rail family Rallidae. These birds are highly similar to small plump Rallidae at a casual glance, and typically plumaged brown-and-black with lighter (white or beige) pattern. However, their eggs are pure white, lacking the spotting of Rallidae eggs. Except for ''Mentocrex'', they have pronounced sexual dimorphism, while in Rallidae the sexes generally cannot be distinguished in the field. Sarothruridae males differ from females in basic coloration to a varying extent, and their wings and sometimes bellies are typically unpatterned, speckled, or adorned with lengthwise streaks; females, by contrast, have a barred pattern, in some species consisting of distinct spots arranged in vertical rows. Also, Rallidae have sq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different Morphology (biology), morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecy, dioecious species, which consist of most animals and some plants. Differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, color, markings, or behavioral or cognitive traits. Male-male reproductive competition has evolved a diverse array of sexually dimorphic traits. Aggressive utility traits such as "battle" teeth and blunt heads reinforced as battering rams are used as weapons in aggressive interactions between rivals. Passive displays such as ornamental feathering or song-calling have also evolved mainly through sexual selection. These differences may be subtle or exaggerated and may be subjected to sexual selection and natural selection. The opposite of dimorphism is ''monomorphism'', when both biological sexes are phenotype, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Robert Gray
George Robert Gray (8 July 1808 – 6 May 1872) was an English zoology, zoologist and author, and head of the Ornithology, ornithological section of the British Museum, now the Natural History Museum, London, Natural History Museum, London for forty-one years. He was the younger brother of the zoologist John Edward Gray and the son of the botanist Samuel Frederick Gray. George Gray's most important publication was his ''Genera of Birds'' (1844–49), illustrated by David William Mitchell and Joseph Wolf, which included 46,000 references. Biography He was bornon 8 July 1808 in Little Chelsea, London, to Samuel Frederick Gray, naturalist and pharmacologist, and Elizabeth (née Forfeit), his wife. He was educated at Merchant Taylor's School. Gray started at the British Museum as Assistant Keeper of the Zoology Branch in 1831. He began by cataloguing insects, and published an ''Entomology of Australia'' (1833) and contributed the entomogical section to an English edition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rallicula
''Rallicula'' is a genus of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It contains four species endemic to the island of New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is .... * Chestnut forest rail, ''Rallicula rubra'' * White-striped forest rail, ''Rallicula leucospila'' * Forbes's forest rail, ''Rallicula forbesi'' * Mayr's forest rail, ''Rallicula mayri'' References Bird genera {{Gruiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
