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Rajaouna
Rajaouna Mountain (or Baluwa Mountain) is a peak in the Djurdjura mountain range in the Tell Atlas in Algeria, located in the Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou District, Tizi Ouzou Province of the Kabylia region of Algeria. Description Rajaouna Mountain is a peak in Tizi-Ouzou Province, with an altitude of 650 m (2,133 ft), overlooking the south of the city of Tizi-Ouzou, and facing Mount Hasnawa and Mount Issa Mimoun within the Djurdjura Mountains. History Before the French occupation of Algeria, Rajaouna Mountain was home to a Turkish fortress built 261 meters (856 feet) above sea level. Before 1830, the Regency of Algiers built this castle from the Sultan's House in the Casbah of Algiers in order to monitor the Kingdom of Kuku. A significant part of the Kabylia region was not under the authority of the Dey in Algiers, with the Ait Abbas fortress as its command center. During the French army's invasion of Tizi Ouzou, a fierce battle was fought around this fortres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (; in Kabyle: Tamurt n leqbayel; in Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵇⴱⴰⵢⴻⵍ; ), meaning "Land of the Tribes" is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean. Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia. Name During the French colonization of Algeria, the French invented the term 'Kabylia', a term never used by the Arab and Berber populations of Algeria prior to the French invasion. The word 'Kabyle' is a distortion of the Arabic word ''qaba'il'' (قبائل) which has two meanings, the first one is tribes that live among sedentary populations and the second is 'to accept', which Arabs after the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb used for local populations that accepted Islam. History Antiquity Kabylia was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Atlas
The Tell Atlas (, Latn, ar, al-ʾaṭlas al-tlī) is a mountain chain over in length, belonging to the Atlas mountain ranges in North Africa, stretching mainly across northern Algeria, ending in north-eastern Morocco and north-western Tunisia. The ranges of this system have an average elevations of about and form a natural barrier between the Mediterranean and the Sahara. Its highest summit is the high Lalla Khedidja in the Djurdjura Range. Several large cities such as the Algerian capital, Algiers, with ~1,500,000 residents (2005) and Oran with ~770,000 residents (2005) lie at the base of the Tell Atlas. The Algerian city Constantine with approximately 505,000 residents (2005) lies 80 km inland and directly in the mountains at 650 meters in elevation. A number of smaller towns and villages are situated within the Tell; for example, Chiffa is nestled within the Chiffa gorge. Geography The Tell Atlas runs parallel to the Mediterranean coast. Together with the Sahar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tizi Ouzou
Tizi Ouzou or Thizi Wezzu (, Kabyle: Tizi Wezzu) is a city in north central Algeria, and capital of Tizi Ouzou Province and Tizi Ouzou District. It is among the largest cities in Algeria. It is the second most populous city in the Kabylia region after Béjaïa. History Foundation Tizi Ouzou was founded in 1856, after the successful expedition of France against Kabyle tribes. Etymology The name ''Tizi Ouzou'' is made up of two Kabyle words: ''Tizi'' meaning col, and ''Ouzou'' (from ''Azzu'') meaning Genisteae. The full name of the locality therefore means "the col of the Genisteae". Friction Islamists looted, and burned to the ground, a Pentecostal church on 9 January 2010. The pastor was quoted as saying that worshipers fled when local police left a gang of local rioters unchecked. Geography This city is located in the heart of Kabylie. It is in area. Tizi Ouzou is located in the valley of Assif N Sébaou. It is surrounded by mountains. The city is at an altitude of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tizi Ouzou Province
Tizi Ouzou ( Kabyle: Tawilayt n Tizi Wezzu, ) is a province (''wilayah'') of Algeria in the Kabylia region. Its capital is Tizi Ouzou, with a popoluation of 1.198.561 inhabitants in 2019, with a density of 405/square kilometers. History In 1984, Boumerdès Province was carved out of its territory. Administrative divisions The province is divided into 21 districts (''daïras''), which are further divided into 67 ''communes'' or municipalities. Districts # Aïn El Hammam # Azazga # Azzefoun # Béni Douala # Béni Yenni # Boghni # Bouzeguène # Draâ Ben Khedda # Draâ El Mizan # Iferhounène # Larbaâ Nath Irathen # Maâtka # Makouda # Mekla # Ouadhia # Ouacifs # Ouaguenoun # Tigzirt # Tizi Gheni # Tizi Ouzou # Tizi Rached Communes # Abi Youcef # Aghni-Goughrane ( Agouni Gueghrane) # Aghrib # Aïn El Hammam ( Ain-El-Hammam) # Aïn Zaouia ( Ain-Zaouia) # Ait Aggouacha # Ait Bouaddou # Ait Boumehdi ( Ait Boumahdi) # Ait Chaffaa ( Ait-Chaffaa, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN (; ) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces. History Algerian Revolution The (National Liberation Front) was established by the (Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action) and organised in March 1954. Around two years later this group absorbed most but not all the Algerian nationalist organisations. It then re-organised itself and established a provisional government. This government included five members in executive and legislative bodies; all the members were district heads. During the ongoing war of independence in Algeria; Colonel Houari Boumedienne (the future President of Algeria) led the military wing of the FLN, the National Liberation Army, against the French. The group grew to nearly 40,000 men in 1957, while France deployed 400, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian War
The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) ''; '' (and sometimes in Algeria as the ''War of 1 November'') was an armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front (FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. * * * * * * An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the FLN on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth French Republic, Fourth Republic (1946–58), to be replaced by the Fifth French Republic, Fifth Republic with a strengthened pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic Era ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterized by the dominance of mammals, insects, birds and angiosperms (flowering plants). It is the latest of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon, preceded by the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. The Cenozoic started with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, when many species, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct in an event attributed by most experts to the impact of a large asteroid or other celestial body, the Chicxulub impactor. The Cenozoic is also known as the Age of Mammals because the terrestrial animals that dominated both hemispheres were mammalsthe eutherians ( placentals) in the Northern Hemisphere and the metatherians (marsupials, now mainly restricted to Australia and to some extent South America) in the Southern Hemisphere. The extinction of many groups allowed mammals and birds to greatly diversify so that large m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geologic Time Scale
The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (a scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardised international units of geological time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective is to preci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments. It takes place when particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the forces acting on them: these forces can be due to gravity, centrifugal acceleration, or electromagnetism. Settling is the falling of suspended particles through the liquid, whereas sedimentation is the final result of the settling process. In geology, sedimentation is the deposition of sediments which results in the formation of sedimentary rock. The term is broadly applied to the entire range of processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rock, from initial erosion through sediment transport and settling to the lithification of the sediments. However, the strict geological definition of sedimentation is the mechanical deposition of sediment particles from an initial suspension in air or water. Sedimentation may pertain to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puddingstone (rock)
Puddingstone, also known as either pudding stone or plum-pudding stone, is a popular name applied to a type of conglomerate that consists of distinctly rounded pebbles whose colours contrast sharply with the colour of the finer-grained, often sandy, matrix or cement surrounding them. The rounded pebbles and the sharp contrast in colour gives this type of conglomerate the appearance of a raisin or Christmas pudding.Neuendorf, K.E.K., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson (2005) ''Glossary of Geology.'' Springer-Verlag, New York, 779 pp., The McGraw-Hill Companies (2003) ''McGraw-Hill dictionary of geology and mineralogy'', 2nd ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, New York, 420 pp., There are different types of puddingstone, with different composition, origin, and geographical distribution. Examples of different types of puddingstones include the Hertfordshire, Schunemunk, Roxbury, and St. Joseph Island (Drummond Island) puddingstones. Hertfordshire puddingstone Hertfordshire puddings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandstone
Sandstone is a Clastic rock#Sedimentary clastic rocks, clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of grain size, sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate mineral, silicate grains, Cementation (geology), cemented together by another mineral. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar, because they are the most resistant minerals to the weathering processes at the Earth's surface. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be imparted any color by impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Because sandstone beds can form highly visible cliffs and other topography, topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have become strongly identified with certain regions, such as the red rock deserts of Arches National Park and other areas of the Southwestern United States, American Southwest. Rock formations composed of sandstone usually allow the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalâa Of Ait Abbas
The Kalâa of the Aït Abbas or Kalâa of the Beni Abbes (Berber: ⵇⴰⵍⵄⴰ ⵍⴰⵉⵜ ⵄⴰⴱⴰⵙ alεa nāt εabbas ), sometimes spelled Qal'a or Guelaa, was a citadel and the capital of the kingdom of Ait Abbas, which was founded in the sixteenth century in the Bibans and almost totally destroyed during the revolt of Cheikh Mokrani in 1871. Location The Kalâa of Aït Abbas is an important village of Kabylia in Algeria within the tribe of the same name : Aït Abbas. As evidenced by the many ruins, it was an ancient fortress and capital of the local kingdom from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. It is part of the current Algerian '' commune'' of Ighil Ali (''wilaya'' of Béjaïa). The site is located southeast of Ighil Ali, north of Teniet En Nasr, about northwest of Bordj Bou Arréridj and about southwest of Béjaïa.Djamel AlilatDécouverte d'un canon du 16e siècle : Béjaïa, Qalaâ des Beni Abbès ''El Watan'', 21 April 2006. The Kalâa, fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
