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Rajagopala Chidambaram
Rajagopala Chidambaram (11 November 1936 – 4 January 2025) was an Indian physicist who is known for his integral role in India's nuclear weapons program; he coordinated test preparation for the Pokhran-I (1974) and Pokhran-II (1998). Chidambaram previously served as the principal scientific adviser to the federal Government of India, the director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)— and later as chairman, Atomic Energy Commission of the Government of India and he contributed in providing national defence and energy security to India. Chidambaram was chairman of the board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) during 1994–95. He was also a member of the Commission of Eminent Persons appointed by the Director-General, IAEA, in 2008 to prepare a report on "The Role of the IAEA to 2020 and Beyond". Throughout his career, Chidambaram played a key role in developing India's nuclear weapons, being a part of the team conducting the first I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, international advocacy non-governmental organization and think tank, based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German engineer Klaus Schwab. The foundation's stated mission is "improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas". The foundation is mostly funded by its 1,000 member Multinational corporation, multi-national companies. The WEF is mostly known for its annual meeting at the end of January in Davos, a mountain resort in the canton of Graubünden, in the eastern Alps region of Switzerland. The meeting brings together some 3,000 paying members and selected participants – among whom are investors, business leaders, political leaders, economists, celebrities and journalists – for up to five days to discuss list of global issues, global issu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by Homi Jehangir Bhabha as the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) in January 1954 as a multidisciplinary research program essential for India's nuclear program. It operates under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India. BARC is a multi-disciplinary research centre with extensive infrastructure for advanced research and development covering the entire spectrum of nuclear science, chemical engineering, material sciences and metallurgy, electronic instrumentation, biology and medicine, supercomputing, high-energy physics and plasma physics and associated research for Indian nuclear programme and related areas. BARC's core mandate is to sustain peaceful applications of nuclear power, nuclear energy. It manages all facets of nuclear power generation, from the theore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Smiling Buddha
Smiling Buddha ( MEA designation: Pokhran-I) was the code name of India's first successful nuclear weapon test on 18 May 1974. The nuclear fission bomb was detonated in the Pokhran Test Range of the Indian Army in Rajasthan. As per the United States military intelligence, the operation was named as ''Happy Krishna''. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the test as a peaceful nuclear explosion. The bomb was built by scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) headed by Raja Ramanna, in assistance with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) headed by B. D. Nag Chaudhuri under the supervision of the Atomic Energy Commission headed by Homi Sethna. A CIRUS nuclear reactor given by Canada and heavy water (used as a neutron moderator) supplied by the United States were used in the production of nuclear material for the bomb. The preparations for the test and the detonation was conducted in extreme secrecy. It was tightly controlle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padma Vibhushan
The Padma Vibhushan ( , lit. "Lotus Grandeur") is the second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "exceptional and distinguished service". All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards. However, government servants including those working with public sector undertakings, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards. , the award has been bestowed on 336 individuals, including thirty-one posthumous and twenty-one non-citizen recipients. During 1 May and 15 September of every year, the recommendations for the award are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister of India. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padma Shri
The Padma Shri (IAST: ''padma śrī'', lit. 'Lotus Honour'), also spelled Padma Shree, is the fourth-highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity including the arts, education, industry, literature, science, acting, medicine, social service and public affairs". It is awarded by the Government of India every year on Republic Day (India), India's Republic Day. History Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 to be awarded to citizens of India in recognition of their distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity including the arts, education, Private industry, industry, literature, science, acting, medicine, social service and Public affairs (broadcasting), public affairs. It has also been awarded to some distinguished individuals who were not citiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Shakti
Pokhran-II (''Operation Shakti'') was a series of five nuclear weapon tests conducted by India in May 1998. The bombs were detonated at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India, after the first test, ''Smiling Buddha'', in May 1974. The test consisted of five detonations, the first of which was claimed to be a two-stage fusion bomb while the remaining four were fission bombs. The first three tests were carried out simultaneously on 11 May 1998 and the last two were detonated two days later on 13 May 1998. The tests were collectively called ''Operation Shakti'', and the five nuclear bombs were designated as ''Shakti-I'' to ''Shakti-V''. The chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India described each of the explosions to be equivalent to several tests carried out over the years by various nations. While announcing the tests, the Indian government declared India as a nuclear state and that the te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smiling Buddha
Smiling Buddha (Ministry of External Affairs (India), MEA designation: Pokhran-I) was the code name of India's first successful Nuclear weapons testing, nuclear weapon test on 18 May 1974. The nuclear fission bomb was detonated in the Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range, Pokhran Test Range of the Indian Army in Rajasthan. As per the Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army), United States military intelligence, the operation was named as ''Happy Krishna''. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (India), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the test as a peaceful nuclear explosion. The bomb was built by scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) headed by Raja Ramanna, in assistance with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) headed by Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri, B. D. Nag Chaudhuri under the supervision of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, Atomic Energy Commission headed by Homi Sethna. A CIRUS reactor, CIRUS nuclear reactor given by Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
India possesses nuclear weapons and previously developed chemical weapons. Although India has not released any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal, recent estimates suggest that India has 180 nuclear weapons. India has conducted nuclear weapons tests in a pair of series namely '' Pokhran I'' and '' Pokhran II''. India is a member of three multilateral export control regimes — the Missile Technology Control Regime, Wassenaar Arrangement and Australia Group. It has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. India is also a subscribing state to the Hague Code of Conduct. India has signed neither the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty nor the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, considering both to be flawed and discriminatory. India previously possessed chemical weapons, but voluntarily destroyed its entire stockpile in 2009 — one of the seven countries to meet the OPCW extended deadline. India main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Institute Of Science
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a Public university, public, Deemed university, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the Tata Institute. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018. History Foundations and early history After an accidental meeting between Jamsetji Tata and Swami Vivekananda, on a ship in 1893 where they discussed Tata's plan of bringing the steel industry to India, Tata wrote to Vivekananda five years later: "I trust, you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your voyage from Japan to Chicago. I very much recall at this moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in India... I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme of Research Institute of Science for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Madras
The University of Madras is a public university, public State university (India), state university in Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest and most prominent universities in India, incorporated by an act of the Council of India, Legislative Council of India under the British India, British government. The university is the alma mater of presidents of India, five Presidents of India, including A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Chief Justice of India, three Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of India; two Indian physics Nobel laureates, CV Raman and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar; several notable mathematicians including Srinivasa Ramanujan and Abel Prize winner S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan; and Turing Award winner Raj Reddy among others. The University of Madras is a collegiate university, collegiate research university and has six campuses in the city: Chepauk, Marina Beach, Marina, Guindy, Taramani, Maduravoyal and Chetpet. It offers more than 230 cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Hyderabad
The University of Hyderabad (UoH) is a prestigious public central research university located in Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Established in 1974, this mostly residential campus has more than 5,000 students and 400 faculty, from several disciplines. UoH boasts a sprawling 2,300-acre campus known for its lush greenery, scenic beauty and biodiversity. It is recognized as an Institute of National Importance (INI) and is one of India's top-ranking universities. Renowned for its academic excellence and research contributions, it offers a wide range of postgraduate, doctoral, and integrated programs across disciplines like sciences, humanities, social sciences, management, and arts through its various schools and departments. Recognized with an NAAC A++ accreditation and consistently ranked among India’s top universities. With strong global collaborations, competitive admissions through entrance exams, and a distinguished alumni network spanning journalism, politics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Institute Of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) are a network of engineering and technology institutions in India. Established in 1950, they are under the purview of the Ministry of Education of the Indian Government and are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961. The Act refers to them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. 23 IITs currently fall under the purview of this act. Each IIT operates autonomously and is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio chairperson of the IIT Council. List of all Indian Institutes of Technology History In the late 1940s, a 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, along the lines of the Mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
