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Rainaut De Pons
Rainaut de Pons (or de Pon), in French ''Renaud de Pons'' (Reginald of Pons), was a troubadour from the region of Saintonge in the County of Poitou. According to his ''vida'', he was lord of the castle of Pons. He composed ''tensos'' with Jaufre de Pons, one of his retainers according to the ''vida''. One of their ''partimens'' survives in several manuscripts. The identity of the troubadour is not certain, but chronologically he must be either the Rainaut de Pons (fl. 1189–1228) who served as seneschal of Gascony The Seneschal of Gascony was an officer carrying out and managing the domestic affairs of the lord of the Duchy of Gascony. During the course of the twelfth century, the seneschalship, also became an office of military command. After 1360, the off ... in the period 1214–17, or the latter's nephew, Rainaut II, lord of Pons (fl. 1191–1252), an avid crusader. Sources *Chabaneau, Camille''Les Troubadours Renaud et Geoffroy de Pons'' Paris: Maisonneuve, 1881. *Eg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renaud De Pons, Seneschal Of Gascony
Renaud de Pons (fl. 1189–1228) was a nobleman from the Saintonge. He served as Seneschal of Gascony between 1214 and 1217 and briefly as Seneschal of Poitou in 1216. He went on the Fifth Crusade in 1217–21. He and his nephew, Renaud II de Pons, are distinguished in contemporary documents by the epithets ''senior'' (the elder) and ''iunior'' (the younger). He is also known by the epithet '' Palmarius'' because he was a crusader. Renaud was the second son of Pons I, lord of Pons, and Germasia. He first appears in the historical record when he consented to a donation of family property made by his elder brother, Geoffroy III, to the Abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur in 1189. The following year he and his brother confirmed a donation of Richard I, King of England, to the Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure. By June 1214 Renaud was in the following of John, King of England. He was one of the commissioners, along with Hubert de Burgh and Aimery de Rochefort, authorized by John to negotiate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a '' trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, '' trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his '' De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Saintonge
The County of Saintonge (), historically spelled Xaintonge and Xainctonge, is a former province of France located on the west central Atlantic coast. The capital city was Saintes (Xaintes, Xainctes). Other principal towns include Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Jonzac, Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan, Royan, Marennes, Pons, and Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire. Background The borders of the province shifted slightly through history. Some mapmakers, such as Nicolas Sanson (1650), Johannes Blaeu (1662), and Bernard Antoine Jaillot (1733), show the province extending into Cognac, traditionally part of Angoumois, and to the parishes of Braud-et-Saint-Louis and Étauliers, part of the Pays Gabay on the right bank of the Gironde River. In 1790, during the French Revolution, Saintonge became part of Charente-Inférieure, one of the 83 departments organized by the new government. This was renamed as Charente-Maritime in 1941, during World War II. Today, four-fifths of the historical Saintonge p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Poitou
The County of Poitou (Latin ''comitatus Pictavensis'') was a historical region of France, consisting of the three sub-regions of Vendée, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. Its name is derived from the ancient Gaul tribe of Pictones. The county was bounded on the north by the Duchy of Brittany, the counties of Anjou and Touraine, on the east by the County of La Marche and on the south by the County of Angoulême. The seat of the county was at Poitiers. Poitou was ruled by the count of Poitou, a continuous line of which can be traced back to an appointment of Charlemagne in 778. From the 950s on, the counts were also dukes of Aquitaine. After the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine with Louis VII of France in 1138, the Seneschal of Poitou was responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the county. From 1154, through Eleanor's second marriage, Poitou passed to the kings of England. Poitou was conquered by King Philip II of France in 1205 after he declared it a confiscated fief of the crown. Henry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vida (Occitan Literary Form)
''Vida'' () is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz. The word ''vida'' means "life" in Occitan languages; they are short prose biographies of the troubadours, and they are found in some chansonnier A chansonnier ( ca, cançoner, oc, cançonièr, Galician and pt, cancioneiro, it, canzoniere or ''canzoniéro'', es, cancionero) is a manuscript or printed book which contains a collection of chansons, or polyphonic and monophonic settings ...s, along with the works of the author they describe. Vidas are notoriously unreliable: Mouzat, while complaining that some scholars still believe them, says they represent the authors as "ridiculous bohemians, and picaresque heroes"; Alfred Jeanroy calls them "the ancestors of modern novels". Most often, they are not based on independent sources, and their information is deduced from literal readings of details of the poems. Most of the ''vidas'' were composed in Italy, many b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castle Of Pons
The Keep of Pons (French: ''Donjon de Pons'') is an 830-year-old fortified tower located in Pons, France and is one of the few remnants of the original castle of Pons. The keep is located near the chapel and porch of Saint Gilles and remains of the ramparts. On a hill and visible from a distance, this edifice is used as the symbol of the city. History Built on the site of an oppidum, the castle of Pons was an important medieval stronghold due to its location as a hub of roads including those for the pilgrims of Saint James. The location and relatively high and defensible elevation made the Pons castrum a particularly coveted fortress. It belonged to the lord of Aulnay, Charente-Maritime, to the dukes of Aquitaine, then to the lords of Pons. The original keep was at destroyed in 1136 by the Count of Poitou. Razed in 1179 by the Duke of Aquitaine Richard Lionheart following a revolt of his vassal, the castle was rebuilt in 1187 by Geoffroy III de Pons with the addition of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenso
A ''tenso'' (; french: tençon) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God ( Peire de Vic), the poet's horse ( Gui de Cavalhon) or his cloak ( Bertran Carbonel). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the '' partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the '' cobla esparsa'' or ''cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples * Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. * Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. * Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaufre De Pons
Jaufre de Pons or Pon (french: Geoffroy or , oc, Jaufré, modern English: ''Geoffrey'') was a 13th-century knight and troubadour from the castle of Pons in the March of Poitou in the Saintonge.Egan, 98. He composed ''tensos'' with his castellan, Rainaut de Pons. There is joint ''vida'' of Jaufre and Rainaut. Only two of his ''tensos'' survive and only one that has survived is with Rainaut ("Seign'en Jaufre, respondetz mi, si·us platz"). The other is a ''partimen'' with Guiraut Riquier ("Guiraut Riquier, diatz me," composed probably 1270 or 1280–1).Pfeffer, 107. Jaufre's part in the debate consists in asking plain youthful questions about love only to receive the bitter and experienced answers of Guiraut in proverbial form.Pfeffer, 108. Jaufre was probably the husband of Isabeau, daughter of Henry II of Rodez, a patron of troubadours. In 1292 he rendered homage to the lord of Châteauroux. Some scholars have suspected that there were more than one Jaufre de Pons (one from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partimen
The ''partimen'' (; ca, partiment ; also known as ''partia'' or ''joc partit'') is a cognate form of the French jeu-parti (plural ''jeux-partis''). It is a genre of Occitan lyric poetry composed between two troubadours, a subgenre of the ''tenso'' or ''cobla'' exchange in which one poet presents a dilemma A dilemma ( grc-gre, δίλημμα "double proposition") is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed the ''horns'' of the dilemma, a clichéd usage, but disti ... in the form of a question and the two debate the answer, each taking up a different side. Of the nearly 200 surviving Occitan debate songs, 120 are ''partimens'' and 75 are open ''tensos''. The ''partimen'' was especially popular in poetic contests. See also Torneyamen. References Further reading * Alfred Jeanroy, ''Les origines de la poésie lyrique en France au Moyen-Age'' (Paris, 1899, 3/1925) *Alfred Jeanroy: ''La poésie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seneschal Of Gascony
The Seneschal of Gascony was an officer carrying out and managing the domestic affairs of the lord of the Duchy of Gascony. During the course of the twelfth century, the seneschalship, also became an office of military command. After 1360, the officer was the Seneschal of Aquitaine."Principal Office Holders in the Duchy" an "Seneschals of Gascony, of Aquitaine after 1360 (1273–1453)" ''The Gascon Rolls Project (1317–1468)''. There was an office above the seneschalcy, the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renaud II De Pons
Renaud II (c. 1170 – 11 June 1252), also known as Reginald de Pontibus or Renaud de Ponz, was a French nobleman and the lord of Pons, Charente-Maritime, Pons in the Saintonge (region), Saintonge region of the County of Poitou from 1191 until his death. In the Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry, Anglo-French dynastic conflict, he was a strong supporter of John, King of England. He left Poitou three times to fight infidels: the Third Crusade, the ''Reconquista'' in Spain and the Seventh Crusade. He is distinguished from his uncle, Renaud de Pons, Seneschal of Gascony, in contemporary documents by the epithets ''senior'' (the elder) and ''junior'' (the younger). He is possibly the same person as the troubadour Rainaut de Pons. Life Renaud was the eldest son of Geoffroy III de Pons and Agnès de Matha. He succeeded his father as lord of Pons in 1191. In the same year he left to join the Third Crusade, confirming his father's donation to the almonry of Chansac before he left. He was proba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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