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Raimbaut Of Orange
Raimbaut of Orange (Old Provençal: Raimbaut d'Aurenga; 1147 – 1173) was the lord of Orange and Aumelas and an influential troubadour in the Kingdom of Arles in the Holy Roman Empire. His properties included the towns of Frontignan and Mireval. He was the only son of William of Aumelas and of Tiburge, Countess of Orange, daughter of Raimbaut, Count of Orange. After the early death of his father, Raimbaut's guardians were his uncle William VII of Montpellier and his elder sister Tibors. Raimbaut contributed to the creation of ''trobar ric'', or articulate style, in troubadour poetry. Abouforty of his workssurvive, displaying a gusto for rare rhymes and intricate poetic form. His death in 1173 is mourned in a ''planh'' (lament) by Giraut de Bornelh, and also in the only surviving poem of the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues, who was the lover of Raimbaut's cousin Gui Guerrejat. It seems possible that Azalais' poem was composed in an earlier form while Raimbaut was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibors
Tibors de Sarenom (French ''Tiburge''; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours. Biography Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with ''vidas'', short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in Occitania during the period of her life. Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of ''Sarenom'', probably Sérignan-du-Comtat in Provence or perhaps Sérignan in the Roussillon. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both named Tibors, after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was married in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From The Holy Roman Empire
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1173 Deaths
Year 1173 (Roman numerals, MCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, Bolesław IV (the Curly), High Duke of Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III the Old, Mieszko III (the Old), and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II the Just, Casimir II (the Just). * King Canute I of Sweden, Canute I (Knut Eriksson) extends his rule after the death of co-ruler Kol of Sweden, Kol – which includes also Östergötland. He becomes the unopposed sole-ruler of Sweden. Canute is supported by Earl Birger Brosa. * Abu Yaqub Yusuf, caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, re-populates the western Andalusian city of Beja (Portugal), Beja. But it is rapidly abandoned, a sign of the quick demographic weakening of the Muslims in the peninsula. England * Spring – Henry the Young King withdraws to the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1140s Births
114 may refer to: *114 (number) 114 (one hundred [and] fourteen) is the natural number following 113 (number), 113 and preceding 115 (number), 115. In mathematics *114 is an abundant number, a sphenic number and a Harshad number. It is the sum of the first four hyperfactorials, ... *AD 114 *114 BC *114 (1st London) Army Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers, an English military unit *114 (Antrim Artillery) Field Squadron, Royal Engineers, a Northern Irish military unit *114 (MBTA bus) *114 (New Jersey bus) *114 Kassandra, a main-belt asteroid See also *11/4 (other) *Flerovium, synthetic chemical element with atomic number 114 {{Numberdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jongleur
A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. The term originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments. Description Minstrels performed songs which told stories of distant places or of existing or imaginary historical events. Although minstrels created their own tales, often they would memorize and embellish the works of others. Frequently they were retained by royalty and high society. As the courts became more sophisticated, minstrels were eventually replaced at court by the troubadours, and many became wandering minstrels, performing in the streets; a decline in their popularity began in the late 15th century. Minstrels fed into later traditions of travelling entertainers, which continued to be moderately strong into the early 20th century, and which has some continuity in the form of to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guilhem De Saint-Leidier
Guilhem de Saint-Leidier, also spelled Guilhem de Saint Deslier, Guillem de Saint Deidier and Guilhèm de Sant Leidier was a troubadour of the 12th century, composing in Occitan. He was lord of Saint-Didier-en-Velay, was born at some date before 1150, and died between 1195 and 1200. He was said to have loved Belissende, sister of Dalfi d'Alvernha and wife of Eracle III of Polignac, Guilhem's feudal overlord. His known work includes fifteen '' cansos'', one ''tensó'' and one ''planh''. Indications in the text and in his '' vida'' suggest that he worked in Gascony, Comminges, the Agenais, and the Bordelais. He is the first poet named in the poetical survey by the Monk of Montaudon, written around 1195. With one of his poems Guilhem began a poetical debate on the question whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer or more powerful than herself. The one known poem by the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues appears to contribute to this debate, as does one by h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poetical Debate (Occitan Literature)
A ''tenso'' (; ) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God (Peire de Vic), the poet's horse (Bertran Carbonel) or his cloak ( Gui de Cavalhon). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the ''partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the '' cobla esparsa'' or ''cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples *Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. *Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. * Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents of the two styles ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gui Guerrejat
Gui Guerrejat ("the warrior") was the fifth son of William VI of Montpellier. When still a boy, in 1146, he inherited the castles of Paulhan and le Pouget from his father. After the death of his brother William VII, around 1172, Gui served jointly with John of Montlaur, Bishop of Maguelonne, as guardian of his nephews, particularly of William VIII, who had inherited the lordship. In this capacity Gui and John attended the conference at Mezouls in 1174 at which Raymond V of Toulouse and Alfonso II of Aragon negotiated an agreement with the young William VIII. In October 1174 Gui was at Alfonso II's court at Lerida. In 1176 he was among those present when the will of Ermessende of Pelet, Countess of Melgueil, was read. In 1177 he joined Bernard Ato V of Nîmes and Agde, Countess Ermengarde of Narbonne, and his nephews William VIII and Gui Burgundion, in an alliance in opposition to Raymond V of Toulouse, who now ruled Melgueil as the widower of Ermessende of Pelet. Acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azalais De Porcairagues
Azalais de Porcairagues (also ''Azalaïs'') or Alasais de Porcaragues was a trobairitz (woman troubadour), composing in Occitan in the late 12th century. The sole source for her life is her '' vida'', which tells us that she came from the country around Montpellier; she was educated and a gentlewoman; she loved Gui Guerrejat, the brother of William VII of Montpellier, and ''made many good songs about him''; meaning, probably, that the one poem of hers known to the compiler had been addressed to Gui. Gui was perhaps born around 1135; he fell ill early in 1178, became a monk, and died later in that year. Nothing is known of the dates of Azalais's birth and death. From her name, and from the statement in the ''Biographies'' cited above, it can be concluded that she came from the village of Portiragnes, just east of Béziers and about ten kilometers south of Montpellier, close to the territories that belonged to Gui and to his brothers. Aimo Sakari argues that she is the mysterious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trobairitz
The ''trobairitz'' () were Occitania, Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. ''Trobairitz'' is both singular and plural. The word ''trobairitz'' is first attested in the 13th-century romance (heroic literature), romance ''Romance of Flamenca, Flamenca''. It comes from the Provençal word ''trobar'', the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the technical meaning of which is "to compose". The word ''trobairitz'' is used very rarely in medieval Occitan language, Occitan, as it does not occur in lyrical poetry, grammatical treatises or in the Vida (Occitan literary form), biographies (''vidas'') of the ''trobairitz'' or troubadours. It does occur in the treatise ''Doctrina d'acort'' by Terramagnino da Pisa, written between 1282 and 1296. He uses it as an example of a word the plural and singular of which are the same..: "which are correctly used only with flexional endings in all numbers ... ''trobayritz''" ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giraut De Bornelh
Giraut de Bornelh (; c. 1138 – 1215), whose first name is also spelled Guiraut and whose toponym is de Borneil or de Borneyll, was a troubadour connected to the castle of the viscount of Limoges. He is credited with the formalisation, if not the invention, of the "light" style, or ''trobar leu''. Giraut was born to a lower-class family in the Limousin, probably in Bourney, near Excideuil in modern-day France. Giraut's poems were first published in various collections, including Millot's ''Histoire litteraire des troubadours'' (Paris, 1774) and Raynouard's ''Choix des poésies originales des troubadours'' (Paris, 1816). Several of his poems were publosher in Alan R. Press' ''Anthology of Troubadour Lyric Poetry'' (1971). An English edition by Ruth V. Sharma has been published in 1989. One of the most popular troubadours of his day, Giraut's reputation endured throughout the 13th century, when he was known as the Master of the Troubadours. Dante placed him in Paradise as a ''p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
