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Raid On Mittenheide
In mid-August 1943, a Polish unit of the Striking Cadre Battalions (UBK), which was controlled by the resistance organization Confederation of the Nation, launched an armed attack on East Prussian villages in the area of Johannisburg (now: Pisz). The attack, ordered by Colonel Stanislaw Karolkiewicz, was launched in revenge for atrocities which the Germans committed against the Polish population of the Bialystok District. The targets of the attack included devout Nazis, NSDAP members and ethnic German inhabitants of the district who were engaging in brutality against the Polish population of the district. According to Polish sources, some 70 Germans were killed and 40 German farms were razed to the ground, while an eyewitness reported that 13 people were killed, including a woman and two children, and two people were wounded. The revenge attack shocked Prussian Germans and it also caused them to rethink the genocidal tactics which they used against the Polish population.Polacy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enemies Of The People
The terms enemy of the people and enemy of the nation are designations for the political opponents and the social-class opponents of the power group within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression. In political praxis, the term ''enemy of the people'' implies that political opposition to the ruling power group renders the people in opposition into enemies acting against the interests of the greater social unit: society, the nation, etc. In the 20th century, the politics of the Soviet Union (1922–1991) much featured the term ''enemy of the people'' to discredit any opposition, especially during the régime of Stalin (r. 1924–1953), when it was often applied to Trotsky. In the 21st century, U.S. president Donald Trump regularly used the ''enemy of the people'' term against critical politicians, journalists and the press. Like the term '' enemy of the state'', the term ''enemy of the people'' originated and derives from the , a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Mickiewicz
Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukrainian literature. A principal figure in Polish Romanticism, he is one of Poland's " Three Bards" () and is widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet. He is also considered one of the greatest Slavic and European poets and has been dubbed a "Slavic bard". A leading Romantic dramatist, he has been compared in Poland and Europe to Byron and Goethe. He is known chiefly for the poetic drama '' Dziady'' (''Forefathers' Eve'') and the national epic poem '' Pan Tadeusz''. His other influential works include '' Konrad Wallenrod'' and '' Grażyna''. All these served as inspiration for uprisings against the three imperial powers that had partitioned the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth out of existence. Mickiewicz was born in the Russian-parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan Tadeusz
''Pan Tadeusz'' (full title: ''Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: A Nobility's Tale of the Years 1811–1812, in Twelve Books of Verse'') is an epic poem by the Polish people, Polish poet, writer, translator and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz. The book, written in Polish alexandrines, was first published by Aleksander Jełowicki on 28 June 1834 in Paris. It is deemed one of the last great List of epic poems#Modern epics (from 1500), epic poems in European literature.Czesław Miłosz''The history of Polish literature.''IV. ''Romanticism'', p. 228. Google Books. ''University of California Press'', 1983. ''Pan Tadeusz'', Poland's national epic, is Curriculum#Core curriculum, compulsory reading in Polish schools and has been translated into 33 languages. Pan Tadeusz (film), A film version, directed by Andrzej Wajda, was released in 1999. In 2014 ''Pan Tadeusz'' was incorporated into Poland's list in the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. __TOC__ Content The story tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation Of The Nation
Confederation of the Nation () was one of the Polish resistance organizations in occupied Poland during World War II. KN was created in 1940 by the far-right National Radical Camp Falanga (ONR-Falanga) political party from several smaller underground organizations, including the Secret Polish Army (TAP). In the political realm it was opposed to more centrist mainstream resistance organizations ( SZP and ZWZ). It would never attract major support and would remain marginal, eventually partially merging with ZWZ around 1941 and finally joining Armia Krajowa The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ... around fall 1943. References 1940 in Poland Polish underground organisations during World War II National radicalism {{World-War-II-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nom De Guerre
A ''nom de guerre'' (, 'war name') is a pseudonym chosen by someone to use when they are involved in a particular activity, especially fighting in a war. In Ancien régime, ''ancien régime'' Kingdom of France, France it would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to them by the captain of their company) as they enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of Dog tag, identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their ''noms de guerre'' (e. g. ''Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité''). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e. g. ''Jean Deslandes dit Champigny'', for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny-sous-Varennes, Champigny), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e. g. ''Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire'', for a soldier ''prêt à boire'', ready to drink). In 1716, a ''nom de guerre'' was mandatory for every soldier; officers did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wnory-Wandy
Wnory-Wandy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylin-Borzymy, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north of Wysokie Mazowieckie and west of the regional capital Białystok. History In 1827, the village had a population of 130. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was first occupied by the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ... until 1941, and then by Germany until 1944. On July 21, 1943, in revenge for the activities of the Polish resistance, the Germans pacified the village. About 200 people managed to escape and survive, however, the Germans still massacred 32 Poles. References Vill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laskowiec, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Laskowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcianne, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. According to the 1921 census The United Kingdom Census 1921 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was carried out on 19 June 1921. It was postponed for two months from April due to industrial unrest and no census was taken in Ireland due to the ..., the village was inhabited by 238 people, among whom 226 were Roman Catholic and 12 Mosaic. At the same time, 238 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 12 Jewish. There were 45 residential buildings in the village.''Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej: opracowany na podstawie wyników pierwszego powszechnego spisu ludności z dn. 30 września 1921 r. i innych źródeł urzędowych.'', t. T. 5, województwo białostockie, 1924, s. 14. References Villages in Mońki County {{Mońki-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikory-Tomkowięta
Sikory-Tomkowięta is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylin-Borzymy, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. History In 1827, the village had a population of 45. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, and then by Germany until 1944. On July 13, 1943, in retaliation for the activity of the Polish resistance organization ''Uderzeniowe Bataliony Kadrowe Striking Cadre Battalions ({{langx, pl, Uderzeniowe Bataliony Kadrowe, ''UBK'') were armed anti-Nazi resistance units organized by the right-wing Polish resistance organization Confederation of the Nation. They existed between late 1942 and e ...'', the German gendarmerie and SS pacified the village, murdering 49 Poles in two mass executions. Transport The Polish S8 highway runs nearby, north of the village. References Villages in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wysokie Mazowieckie
Wysokie Mazowieckie (; ) is a town in north-eastern Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the capital of Wysokie Mazowieckie County. Population is 10,034 . History Wysokie was founded by Polish people, Polish settlers from nearby Mazovia in the Middle Ages. It was a royal settlement, and in 1469 the first parish church was founded. In 1503, Alexander Jagiellon granted Magdeburg rights, Magdeburg town rights, confirmed previous laws, and granted brewing rights to the townspeople. Later, it became a private town of various szlachta, Polish nobles, including the Potocki and Piotrowski families, administratively located in the Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795), Podlaskie Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. King Stanisław August Poniatowski established four annual fairs thanks to efforts of Andrzej Piotrowski. Following the German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in Septe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasowo-Częstki
Krasowo-Częstki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Piekuty, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. History Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, and then by Germany until 1944. On 13 July 1943, a battle between the German gendarmerie and a unit of the Polish Home Army The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ... was fought near the village. On 17 July 1943, Nazi Germans pacified the village, murdering 257 Polish citizens, including 83 children under the age of 17, and burning down their properties. This was the triggering event for the Raid on Mittenheide. References Villages i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasowo-Częstki Massacre
The Krasowo-Częstki massacre was a Nazi Germany, Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Ordnungspolizei and Schutzstaffel, SS in the village of Krasowo-Częstki within Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), occupied Poland. On 17 July 1943, the village was completely burned; 257 of its inhabitants, mostly women and children, were murdered. The massacre was an act of retaliation against the civilian population, after at least eight Germans were killed in a skirmish with Home Army, Polish partisans in the nearby Colony (Poland), colony of Kalnik. It was the bloodiest Pacification actions in German-occupied Poland, pacification action conducted by Nazi-German occupiers in those areas of prewar Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939), Białystok Voivodeship, which after Second World War remain within the borders of Poland. Prelude Krasowo-Częstki is a village located approximately from the town of Wysokie Mazowieckie in north-eastern Poland. Prior to the massacre, it had 70 households and 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
