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Rafi-ush-Shan
Rafi-ul-Qadr (Persian: رفیع القدر) (29 – 1671 March 1712), better known by his title, Mirza Rafi' ush-Shan Bahadur, was the third son of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I. Life and mughal service Rafi' ush-Shan Bahadur was born in Delhi to Prince Mu'azzam and Nur-un-Nisa Begum, the daughter of Sanjar Najm-i-sani. He was 10 when he was appointed by his grandfather Aurangzeb as ''qiladar'' of Malakand. After the accession of his father to the Mughal throne in 1707, he was appointed the ''subahdar'' of Sindh and Assam from 1707 to 1710; and Kashmir from 1710 to 1712. He was killed along with his older brother Jahan Shah in the succession struggle after the death of their father. He is buried in Agra. Family One of his wives was Raziyat-un-nissa Begum, also known as Safiyat-un-nissa, the daughter of Prince Sultan Muhammad Akbar. He had married her in 1695 at Agra, during the same time as his brother Jahan Shah had married her sister Zakiyat-un-nissa Begum. Anothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur-un-nissa Begum
Nur-un-Nissa Begum (; meaning "Light among women"; died February 1701) was the first wife and chief consort of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I. She was the mother of his third son, Prince Rafi-ush-Shan, and exercised great influence over her husband. Nur-un-Nissa was also the grandmother of future Emperors Rafi ud-Darajat, Shah Jahan II, and Muhammad Ibrahim. She died in 1701, six years before Bahadur Shah's accession to the throne. Family Born at Khurasan, Nur-un-Nissa Begum was the daughter of Mirza Sanjar Khan, who was said to be a descendant of Najm-e Sani. Her mother, Zinat-i-Alam, was a great-niece of Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan. She had a brother named Shakir Khan. Marriage She married Prince Muhammad Muazzam (future Bahadur Shah I) on 30 December 1659, after his return from Deccan to Delhi with Wazir Khan. The customary royal gifts were given to the bride and the bridegroom. In 1671, she gave birth to a son. Mirza Muahammad, an agent of Muazzam escorted the mother an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahadur Shah I
Bahadur Shah I (Muhammad Mu'azzam; 14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712) or Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also the governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs. After Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Azam Shah, his third son by his chief consort Nawab Bai declared himself successor, but was shortly defeated in one of the largest battles of India, the Battle of Jajau and overthrown by Bahadur Shah. During the reign of Bahadur Shah, the Rajput kingdoms of Jodhpur and Amber were annexed again after they had declared independence a few years prior. Bahadur Shah also sparked an Islamic controversy in the '' khutba'' by inserting the declaration of Ali as ''wali''. His reign was disturbed by several rebellions, the Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur, Rajputs under D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafi Ud-Darajat
Mirza Rafi ud-Darajat (); 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719) was briefly the Eleventh Mughal emperor. He was the youngest son of Rafi-ush-Shan, the nephew of Azim-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I. He was placed on the throne by the Sayyid brothers after they deposed, blinded, imprisoned and executed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Maharaja Ajit Singh and the Marathas in 1719. Reign Sayyid Brothers Rafi ud-Darajat owed his throne to the Sayyid brothers - Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha and Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha - who had deposed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Ajit Singh of Marwar and Balaji Vishwanath in 1719 and made themselves ''badishahgar'' (kingmakers). His short reign would be as a puppet ruler to the brothers. Marathas Having been helped by the Marathas in his accession, Rafi ud-Darajat returned the favour by granting Chauth and Sardeshmukhi rights in 6 Mughal provinces to them. The condition was that these would be collected by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibrahim (Mughal Emperor)
Muhammad Ibrahim or Jahangir II (9 August 1703 – 31 January 1746) was a claimant to the throne of the Mughal Empire. Early life Muhammad Ibrahim was the youngest son of Prince Rafi-ush-Shan, son of Emperor Bahadur Shah I. His mother was Nur-un-nissa Begum, the daughter of Shaikh Baqi. He was the brother of Emperors Rafi ud Darajat and Shah Jahan II. On 2 December 1707, he was given the rank of 7000 and 2000 horses. Reign On 15 October 1720, he was brought out of the prison and placed on the throne. He had been designated by the Sayyid brothers as the successor to his brother Shah Jahan II. However, Sayyid Khan Jahan, the governor of Delhi, dreading Ibrahim's reputation for having a violent temper, installed his cousin Roshan Khan, the son of Prince Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah, as the Mughal emperor. Muhammad Ibrahim was defeated in the battle of Hasanpur and deposed on 13 November 1720. He was sent back to the prison in the citadel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Jahan II
Shah Jahan II (; June 1696 – 17 September 1719), born Mirza Rafi-ud-Daulah, was briefly the twelfth Mughal emperor in 1719. After being chosen by the Sayyid brothers, he succeeded figurehead emperor Rafi-ud-Darajat on 6 June 1719. Shah Jahan II also served as a figurehead to the Sayyid brothers and would serve as emperor until his death of tuberculosis on 17 September 1719. Personal life Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son of Rafi-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known but he is believed to have been eighteen months older than his brother Rafi ud-Darajat. Whether he married or not, whether he had any child or not is also unknown. Reign Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother Rafi ud-Darajat due to tuberculosis. His coronation took place at Diwan-i-Khas of the Red Fort. He took the title Shah Jahan II. Just like his younger brother, Shah Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humayun's Tomb
Humayun's tomb (Persian language, Persian: ''Maqbara-i Humayun'') is the tomb of Emperor of Hindustan, Emperor Mirza Nasir al-Din Muhammad commonly known as Humayun situated in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum under her patronage in 1558, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her. It was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent,Humayun's Tomb, Delhi World Heritage Committee, UNESCO. and is located in Nizamuddin East, Delhi, close to the ''Purana Qila, Dina-panah'' Citadel, also known as ''Purana Qila'' (Old Fort), that Humayun found in 1538. It was also the first structure to use red sandstone at such a scale. The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, and since then has unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timurid Dynasty
The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (), was the ruling dynasty of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507). It was a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim dynasty or Barlās clan of Turco-Mongol originB.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006''Encyclopædia Britannica'',Timurid Dynasty, Online Academic Edition, 2007. (Quotation: "Turkic-Mongol" dynasty descended from the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), renowned for its brilliant revival of artistic and intellectual life in Iran and Central Asia. ... Trading and artistic communities were brought into the capital city of Herat, where a library was founded, and the capital became the centre of a renewed and artistically brilliant Persian culture.") descended from the warlord Timur (also known as Tamerlane). The word "Gurkani" derives from "Gurkan", a Persianized form of the Mongolian word "Kuragan" meaning "son-in-law". This was an honorific title used by the dynasty as the Timurids were in-laws of the line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahan Shah (Mughal Prince)
Mirza Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah (Persian: میرزا خجسته اختر جهان شاه) (4 October 1673 – 30 March 1712/30) was the fourth son of Emperor Bahadur Shah I. The birthdate of Mirza Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah is debated, according to his found memoir his death date is now set on 1730. Both dates are correct otherwise then. Life He was made Subahdar of Malwa (1707–1712) and raised to an Imperial ''Mansab'' of 30,000 ''Zat'' and 20,000 ''Sawar''. After his father's death, he sided with his brother Mu'izz-ud-Din and defeated his other brother, Azim-ush-Shan in 1712. But Mu'izz-ud-Din disagreed with him over the distribution of the Imperial treasury and fought a battle against him in which he was supposed to be killed along with his eldest son Farkhunda Akhtar. His youngest son Muhammad Shah later ruled as emperor for 28 years. Family One of his wives was Zakiyat-un-nissa Begum, the daughter of Prince Muhammad Akbar. He had married her at Agra in 1695, at the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Muhammad Akbar
Mirza Muhammad Akbar (11 September 1657 – 31 March 1706) was a Mughal prince and the fourth son of Emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. He went into exile in Safavid Persia after a failed rebellion against his father in the Deccan. He was the father of Neku Siyar, a pretender to the Mughal throne for a few months in 1719. Early life Muhammad Akbar was born on 11 September 1657 in Aurangabad to Prince Muhiuddin (known as 'Aurangzeb' upon his accession) and his first wife and chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. His mother was a princess of the Safavid dynasty, and daughter of Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi, the viceroy of Gujarat. Dilras died when Muhammad Akbar was only one-month old. Muhammad Akbar was brought up with special care and affection by his father and oldest sister, Princess Zeb-un-Nissa and Aurangzeb described him as his best-loved son in a letter to him, "God be my witness that I have loved you more than my other sons." Muhammad Akbar's si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malakand Pass
The Malakand Pass (; ) is a mountain pass in the Malakand District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that connects Peshawar with the Chitral District. The pass road begins at Dargai, which is 150 km the north-west from Islamabad. It then slopes upward towards the tunnel, reaching the areas of Swat and Dir. From the top of the pass, Swat Canal descends through the valley. The Canal was built by the United Kingdom, British in the colonial era to channel water from the Swat River through Malakand Pass to the plain areas around Mardan. The Pass is a wide open road and is well-structured but sometimes it may get extensively trafficked. At the top end, it is guarded by the Malakand Fort from which it descends through the market town, bazaar of Batkhela, with a Hindu Hindu Shahi, Shahi fort perched above it. After this, it continues to reach the headworks of the Swat Canal to the Swat River. At the bottom end, it meets the plain areas of Mardan and the Charsadda District, Pakistan, Charsadda Dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1671 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670. * January 5 – The Battle of Salher is fought in India as the first major confrontation between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire, with the Maratha Army of 40,000 infantry and cavalry under the command of General Prataprao Gujar defeating a larger Mughal force led by General Diler Khan. * January 17 – The ballet ''Psyché'', with music composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully, premieres before the royal court of King Louis XIV at the Théâtre des Tuileries in Paris. * January 28 – Henry Morgan's Panama expedition – the city of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Panamá, founded more than 150 years earlier at the Isthmus of Panama by Spanish settlers and the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific Ocean, is destroyed by the Welsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1712 Deaths
In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day, Friday, February 30, Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, March 1) was in sync with the Julian calendar. Sweden finally made the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1753. This year had 367 days. Events January–March * January 8 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from * January 12 – The premiere of the opera ''Idoménée'' by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré), Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. * January 16 – A military engineering school is established in Moscow which is to become the A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy. * January 26 – The Old Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the Stephansdom, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral, in Vienna, is rung for the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
