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Rafflesiaceae Sp VMH378
The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are endoparasites of vines in the genus ''Tetrastigma'' (Vitaceae) and lack stems, leaves, roots, and any photosynthetic tissue. They rely entirely on their host plants for both water and nutrients, and only then emerge as flowers from the roots or lower stems of the host plants. Description Flowers Rafflesiaceae flowers mimic rotting carcasses in scent, color, and texture to attract their pollinators, carrion flies. For this reason, some flowers of the family ''Rafflesia'' are nicknamed "corpse flowers". Most members of Rafflesiaceae possess a large, bowl-shaped floral chamber formed by a perianth tube and a diaphragm. This diaphragm is the opening for carrion fly pollinators and is surrounded by attractive sterile organs. Flowers are gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier
Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (; 3 April 1797 in Tournai – 9 July 1878) was a Belgian who conducted a parallel career of botanist and Member of Parliament. Biography Barthélemy Dumortier was a son of the merchant and city councillor Barthélemy-François Dumortier and of Mariue-Jeanne Willaumez. He married Philippine Ruteau and they had a son, Barthélemy-Noël Dumortier (1830-1915). Barthélemy-Charles became politically active in the early eighteen twenties. In 1824 he founded the ''Courrier de l'Escaut'', a paper critical of the government. He adhered in 1830 to the Belgian revolution. In 1831 he became a member of the first elected parliament of the new kingdom, as the member for Tournai. He remained elected until 1847. He then switched seats, and was now elected for the city of Roulers and held this seat until his death. In 1872 he was awarded the honorary title of Minister of State. He also was awarded nobility with the title of earl. However, for unknown reaso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as '' Hevea brasiliensis''. Some, such as ''Euphorbia canariensis'', are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics, however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica. Description The leaves are alternate, seldom opposite, with stipules. They are mainly simple, but where compound, are always palmate, never pinnate. Stipules may be reduced to hairs, glands, or spines, or in succulent species are sometimes absent. The plants can be monoecious or dioecious. The radially symmetrical flowers are unise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malpighiales
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia The poinsettia ( or ) (''Euphorbia pulcherrima'') is a commercially important flowering plant species of the diverse spurge family Euphorbiaceae. Indigenous to Mexico and Central America, the poinsettia was first described by Europeans in 1834 ..., manchineel, rafflesia and Coca, coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the Systematics, classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (mya (unit), Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya. The Malpighiales are divided into 32 to 42 Family (biology), families, depending upon whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilostyles
''Pilostyles'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apodanthaceae. It includes about 11 species of very small, completely parasitic plants that live inside the stems of woody legumes. Plants of this genus are sometimes referred to as stemsuckers. The plants completely lack stems, roots, leaves, and chlorophyll. While not flowering, they do not resemble most plants, living entirely inside the host as " ..a mycelium-like endophyte formed by strands of parenchyma cells that are in close contact to the host vasculature". Their presence is only noticeable when the flowers emerge out of the stems of the host plant. ''Pilostyles'' is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. Male and female plants are not commonly known to inhabit the same host. Flowers are two or three millimeters wide and in some species each female flower can produce over 100 seeds, which are less than 1mm long.Armstrong, WSouthern California's Most Unusual Wildflower/ref> Species are found in seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apodanthes
''Apodanthes'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apodanthaceae. It has only one currently accepted species, ''Apodanthes caseariae'', native to Central America and northern South America. It is a holoparasite that lives inside plants from the families Salicaceae The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ... and Fabaceae, and emerges only to flower. References Monotypic Cucurbitales genera Apodanthaceae Parasitic plants Flora of Central America Flora of northern South America Flora of western South America Flora of Brazil Plants described in 1896 {{Cucurbitales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apodanthaceae
The family Apodanthaceae comprises about 10 species of endoparasitic herbs. They live in the branches or stems of their hosts (as filaments similar to a fungal mycelium Mycelium (plural mycelia) is a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. A typical single spore germinates in ...), emerging only to flower and fruit. The plants produce no green parts and do not carry out any photosynthesis (that is, they are holoparasitic). There are two genera: '' Pilostyles'' and '' Apodanthes''.Albert Blarer, Daniel L. Nickrent, and Peter K. Endress. 2004. "Comparative floral structure and systematics in Apodanthaceae (Rafflesiales)". ''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 245(1-2):119-142. A third genus, ''Berlinianche'', was never validly published.Bellot, S., and S. S. Renner. 2013. "Pollination and mating systems of Apodanthaceae and the distribution of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytinus
''Cytinus'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. ''Cytinus'' usually parasitizes ''Cistus'' and '' Halimium'', two genera of plants in the family Cistaceae. It has also been found on ''Ptilostemon chamaepeuce''. Several species are found in the Mediterranean Region, South Africa, with a possibly undescribed species from Madagascar. Biology ''C. capensis'' and ''C. sanguineus'' are dioecious, while ''C. hypocistis'' is monoecious. Nickrent ''et al.'' 2004 ''C. hypocistis'' has been shown to infect mainly '' Halimium halimifolium'' and ''Cistus monspeliensis'' in Portugal. Systematics The genus ''Cytinus'' was previously included in the parasitic family Rafflesiaceae, but is now put into the family Cytinaceae (order Malvales), together with the genus '' Bdallophytum'' with four species. ''Cytinus ruber'' is no longer considered a separate species, but is now a subspecies of ''C. hypocis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bdallophytum
''Bdallophytum'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants with five described species. It parasitizes on the roots of plants of the genus ''Bursera'', such as ''Bursera simaruba''. The genus is endemic to the Neotropics.Parasiticplants.siu.eduCytinaceae/ref> It was previously placed in ''Rafflesiaceae'', but is now placed in family Cytinaceae, together with the only other genus ''Cytinus''. Some ''Bdallophytum'' species were at one time considered to belong to this latter genus. ''Bdallophytum'' is dioecious. Name The genus name is probably derived from Ancient Greek ''bdell-'' "leech" and ''phyton'' "plant". It was later misspelled as ''Bdallophyton'' by Eichler, and this synonym is now also in common use.USDA GRINGenus ''Bdallophytum'' Eichler Species * ''Bdallophytum americanum'' * ''Bdallophytum andrieuxii'' * ''Bdallophytum bambusarum'' * ''Bdallophytum ceratantherum'' * ''Bdallophytum oxylepis ''Bdallophytum'' is a genus of parasitic flowering plants with five describe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytinaceae
Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants. It comprises two genera, ''Cytinus'' and '' Bdallophytum'', totalling ten species. These two genera were formerly placed in the family Rafflesiaceae, order Malpighiales. When they were separated into a new family, it was initially placed in Malpighiales, but it has since been recognised as belonging to order Malvales The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs a .... References External linksParasitic Plant Connection: Cytinaceae Parasitic plants Malvales families {{Malvales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitrastemon
''Mitrastemon'' is a genus of two widely disjunct species of parasitic plants. It is the only genus within the family Mitrastemonaceae. ''Mitrastemon'' species are root endoparasites, which grow on Fagaceae. It is also a non-photosynthetic plant that parasitizes other plants such as ''Castanopsis sieboldii''. The parasitic plant was first discovered by botanist Eizi Matuda during an expedition to Mt. Ovand in the state of Chiapas, Mexico (Matuda, 1947). The different species were originally named by a friend of Matuda, Yamamoto in 1925–1926. ''Mitrastemon yamamotoi'' is a protandrous plant. Its flowers go through a male phase before transforming into their final female form. The flowers of ''M. yamamotoi'' attract a variety of insects ranging from wasps to flies and beetles. Among these, beetles are the best pollinators for this plant since their visit to the flower would pick up a large amount of pollen and they would pollinate from each of the flowers that they had already vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
