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Raban Expedition
The Raban Expedition was a British punitive expedition against Chief Rothangpuia. In 1860, several kuki raids had prompted the British to retaliate. As a result of the expedition, Rothangpuia later allied with the British. Background In 1860, the series of raids by the kukis led to the creation of the term known as the Great Kuki raid of 1860. In January 1860, reports had been raised which described the bodies of 400-500 kukis were mobilising at the mouth of the river Fenny. The war party burnt down the villages and killed a few people in the area. The next raid was in Tripura at Chagulneyah by the chief Rothangpuia. The villages were again burnt down and 15 villages were plundered with 185 British subjects killed and another 100 captured. After the looting of gold, silver and iron, troops and police were sent by the district magistrate but failed to pursue the kukis who had withdrawn back to the jungles. In the Rajmala of Kailas, Chandra Sinha and Guna Gazi armed the settlemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chittagong Hill Tracts
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, refers to the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Khagrachhari District, Khagrachhari, Rangamati District, Rangamati, and Bandarban District, Bandarban. Covering , CHT is an extensively hilly area and home to a Tribal peoples of Chittagong Hill Tracts, variety of tribal peoples in Bangladesh. The CHT were divided by the British in the 19th century into Tribal monarchy in Chittagong Hill Tracts, three tribal chieftaincies, the Chakma Circle, the Mong Circle and the Bohmong Circle. They formed a single Districts of Bangladesh, district until 1984, when they were divided into three separate districts. Geography The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) is a extensive hilly area in Bangladesh, lie in the southeastern part of the country (210 25' N to 230 45' N latitude and 910 54' E to 920 50' E longit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothangpuia
Rothangpuia () was a Lushai chief of the Thangluaha dynasty. Rothangpuia established himself in the Chittagong Hill tracts and became a British ally after the Raban Expedition. He would become a close ally of Thomas Herbert Lewin and participate in the Lushai Expedition. Chieftainship Rothangpuia was a chief located on the ridges of the Ramgarth ranges on the Feni River. Rothangpuia amassed a reputation as a wealthy chief while also being close to Demagiri. Rothangpuia was originally considered ferocious for his daring raids in Tripura, Chittagong and Cachar. Rothangpuia is recorded to have been at war with a powerful Sailo chief known as Savunga. To end their feud they decided to take the oath of ''Saui Tan''. Savunga invited Rothangpuia to cross the river but Rothangpuia declined on account of Savunga's large party of men accompanying him. As a counter offer Rothangpuia invited Savunga to his side of the river. Savunga let twenty of his men accompany him until Rothangpuia c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or direct rule in India. * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, which were collectively called ''Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India'', and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British British paramountcy, paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizo Chieftainship
Mizo chieftainship refers to the system of Tribal chief, chieftainship used by the Mizo people, which historically operated as a gerontocracy. The chieftain system persisted among the various clans and tribes from the precolonial era through to the British colonial period and Indian Independence Act 1947, Indian independence briefly. The Mizo Union advocated for abolishing chieftainship in Mizoram. The chieftainships of Mizoram were eventually disbanded with the Assam-Lushai District ("Acquisition of Chief's Rights") Act in 1954. Society of Mizo Chiefdoms In the administration, the chief would cooperate with various individuals to achieve his duties. Among the most important of these individuals were the chief's elders, also known as ''Lal upate'' or ''upa''. The chief could choose who to appoint to this position and how many individuals could fit this capacity. The elders did not possess the ability to question decisions or criticise the chief and typically held meetings at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punitive Expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior by miscreants, as revenge or corrective action, or to apply strong diplomatic pressure without a formal declaration of war (e.g. surgical strike). In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers. Stowell (1921) provides the following definition: When the territorial sovereign is too weak or is unwilling to enforce respect for international law, a state which is wronged may find it necessary to invade the territory and to chastise the individuals who violate its rights and threaten its security. Historical examples *In the 5th century BC, the Achaem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalindi (rani)
Rani Kalindi (died 1873) was the 46th and last independent ruler of the Chakma Circle. She was only female ruler of the Chakma people. Early life She was born in the village of Kudukchari near the Rangamati-Khagrachari highway in present-day Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh and was the daughter of a former ''dewan'' Gujan Chakma of the Kurakutya Goza. She grew up with strong kinship networks as her cousins were consorts to the Kalindi King Raja Dharam Bux Khan. Rule Kalindi Rani succeeded Raja Dharam Bux Khan in 1832 who died without a male heir. After the Raja's death, a Phoongye (Buddhist monk) came to Arakan to strengthen the cause of Buddhism and convert Kalindi Rani from Hinduism. As a result the Rani converted to Buddhism. The Sangharaja Nikeya believed the Chittagong Buddhists were failing to uphold the principles of Buddhism by worshipping the wrong deities and were in need of reform and purification. When the Sangharaja Nikaya reformers gained the support of Kal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hill Tipperah
Tripura State, also known as Hill Tipperah, was a princely state in India during the period of the British Raj and for some two years after the departure of the British. Its rulers belonged to the Manikya dynasty and until August 1947 the state was in a subsidiary alliance, from which it was released by the Indian Independence Act 1947. The state acceded to the newly independent Indian Union on 13 August 1947, and subsequently merged into the Indian Union in October 1949. The princely state was located in the present-day Indian state of Tripura. The state included one town, Agartala, as well as a total of 1,463 villages. It had an area of 10,660 km2 and a population of 513,000 inhabitants in 1941. History The predecessor state of Tripura was founded about 100 AD. According to legend, the Manikya dynasty derived its name from a jewel ('Mani' in Sanskrit) that had been obtained from a frog. The first king who ruled the state under the royal title of Mani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of British India
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction, prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punitive Expeditions Of The United Kingdom
Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon an individual or group, meted out by an authority—in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law—as a deterrent to a particular action or behavior that is deemed undesirable. It is, however, possible to distinguish between various different understandings of what punishment is. The reasoning for punishment may be to condition a child to avoid self-endangerment, to impose social conformity (in particular, in the contexts of compulsory education or military discipline), to defend norms, to protect against future harms (in particular, those from violent crime), and to maintain the law—and respect for rule of law—under which the social group is governed. and violates the law or rules by which the group is governed. Punishment may be self-inflicted as with self-flagellation and mortification of the flesh in the religious setting, but is most often a form of social coerci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1861 In India
Events in the year 1861 in India: Incumbents *Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning, Charles Canning, Viceroy Events *Girls' High School & College, Allahabad, is founded. * Department of Police, Delhi, The Delhi Department of Police is founded. Law * Indian Councils Act 1861 * Indian Civil Services Act * Indian High Courts Act *Police Act *Stage-Carriages Act *Foreign Law Ascertainment Act (British statute) *East India Loan Act (British statute) *Malicious Damages Act (British statute) *Wills Act (British statute) *Domicile Act (British statute) Births *27 January: Baba Tajuddin Nagpuri, Sufi, saint, healer (died 1925 in India, 1925). *6 May: Motilal Nehru (died 1931 in India, 1931). *7 May: Rabindranath Tagore, poet, artist, playwright, novelist and composer (died 1941 in India, 1941). *18 June: Devaki Nandan Khatri, first author of mystery novels in Hindi (died 1913 in India, 1913). *18 July:Kadambini Ganguly, first female medical practitioner and one of the first female gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1860s In British India
Year 186 ( CLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 939 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 186 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Peasants in Gaul stage an anti-tax uprising under Maternus. * Roman governor Pertinax escapes an assassination attempt, by British usurpers. New Zealand * The Hatepe volcanic eruption extends Lake Taupō and makes skies red across the world. However, recent radiocarbon dating by R. Sparks has put the date at 233 AD ± 13 (95% confidence). Births * Ma Liang, Chinese official of the Shu Han state (d. 222) Deaths * April 21 – Apollonius the Apologist, Christian martyr * Bian Zhang, Chinese official and general (b. 133) * Paccia Marciana, Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
