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RO4491533
RO-4491533 is a drug developed by Hoffmann-La Roche which acts as a potency (pharmacology), potent and binding selectivity, selective negative allosteric modulator for Metabotropic glutamate receptor#Group II and Group III, group II of the metabotropic glutamate receptors (Metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR2/3), being equipotent at mGluR2 and mGluR3 but without activity at other mGluR subtypes. In animal studies, RO-4491533 produced antidepressant effects and reversed the effects of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY-379,268 with similar efficacy but slightly lower potency than the mGluR2/3 antagonist LY-341,495. A number of related compounds are known, with similar effects ''in vitro'' and a fairly well characterized structure-activity relationship. See also * Decoglurant References MGlu2 receptor antagonists MGlu3 receptor antagonists Trifluoromethyl compounds Benzodiazepines Glutamate receptor negative allosteric modulators {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor
The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic receptor, metabotropic process. They are members of the group C GPCR family, group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs. Like all glutamate receptor (biochemistry), receptors, mGluRs bind with glutamate, an amino acid that functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. Function and structure The mGluRs perform a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems: For example, they are involved in learning, memory, anxiety, and the perception of pain. They are found in pre- and postsynaptic neurons in synapses of the hippocampus, cerebellum, and the cerebral cortex, as well as other parts of the brain and in peripheral tissues. Like other metabotropic receptors, mGluRs have G protein-coupled receptor, seven transmembrane domains that span the cell membrane. Unlike ionotropic receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decoglurant
Decoglurant (INN; development codes RG1578 and RO4995819) is a negative allosteric modulator of the mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors which was under development by Roche for the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder. Decoglurant progressed as far as phase II clinical trials but was ultimately discontinued from further development due to disappointing efficacy results. See also * Basimglurant * RO4491533 RO-4491533 is a drug developed by Hoffmann-La Roche which acts as a potency (pharmacology), potent and binding selectivity, selective negative allosteric modulator for Metabotropic glutamate receptor#Group II and Group III, group II of the metabo ... References External links Decoglurant – AdisInsight – Springer Abandoned drugs MGlu2 receptor antagonists MGlu3 receptor antagonists Trifluoromethyl compounds Alkyne derivatives Disubstituted pyridines Glutamate receptor negative allosteric modulators {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug
A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Consumption of drugs can be via insufflation (medicine), inhalation, drug injection, injection, smoking, ingestion, absorption (skin), absorption via a dermal patch, patch on the skin, suppository, or sublingual administration, dissolution under the tongue. In pharmacology, a drug is a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to pharmacotherapy, treat, cure, preventive healthcare, prevent, or medical diagnosis, diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoffmann-La Roche
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, commonly known as Roche (), is a Swiss multinational holding healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, Roche Holding AG, has shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The company headquarters are located in Basel. Roche is the fifth-largest pharmaceutical company in the world by revenue and the leading provider of cancer treatments globally. In 2023, the company’s seat in Forbes Global 2000 was 76. The company owns the American biotechnology company Genentech, which is a wholly owned independent subsidiary, and the Japanese biotechnology company Chugai Pharmaceuticals, as well as the United States–based companies Ventana and Foundation Medicine. Roche's revenues during fiscal year 2020, were 58.32 billion Swiss francs. Descendants of the founding Hoffmann and Oeri families own slightly over half of the bearer shares with voting rights (a pool of family shareholders 45%, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, alprazolam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects. Types of potency The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) has stated that "potency is an imprecise term that should always be further defined", and lists of types of potency as follows: Miscellaneous Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binding Selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes. Selectivity coefficient The concept of selectivity is used to quantify the extent to which one chemical substance, A, binds each of two other chemical substances, B and C. The simplest case is where the complexes formed have 1:1 stoichiometry. Then, the two interactions may be characterized by equilibrium constants and .The constant used here are ''association'' constants. ''Dissociation'' constants are used in some contexts. A dissociation constant is the reciprocal of an association constant. \begin \ce;& \quad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negative Allosteric Modulator
In pharmacology and biochemistry, allosteric modulators are a group of substances that bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimuli. Some of them, like benzodiazepines or alcohol, function as psychoactive drugs. The site that an allosteric modulator binds to (i.e., an ''allosteric site'') is not the same one to which an endogenous agonist of the receptor would bind (i.e., an ''orthosteric site''). Modulators and agonists can both be called receptor ligands. Allosteric modulators can be 1 of 3 types either: positive, negative or neutral. Positive types increase the response of the receptor by increasing the probability that an agonist will bind to a receptor (i.e. affinity), increasing its ability to activate the receptor (i.e. efficacy), or both. Negative types decrease the agonist affinity and/or efficacy. Neutral types don't affect agonist activity but can stop other modulators from binding to an allosteric site. Some modulators also work as allosteric agonist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antidepressant
Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction. Common side effects of antidepressants include Xerostomia, dry mouth, weight gain, dizziness, headaches, akathisia, sexual dysfunction, and emotional blunting. There is an increased risk of Suicidal ideation, suicidal thinking and Suicide, behavior when taken by children, adolescents, and young adults. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, Discontinuation syndrome, which resembles recurrent Depression (mood), depression in the case of the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI class, may occur after stopping the intake of any antidepressant. Research regarding the effectiveness of antidepressants for depression in adults is controversial and has found both benefits and drawbacks. Meanwhile, evidence of benefit in children and adolescents is unclear, even though antidepressant use has considerably increased in children and adolescents in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LY-379,268
LY-379,268 is a drug that is used in neuroscience research, which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluR2/3). It is derived from the older mGluR group II agonist eglumegad, and led on to the development of the more potent compound LY-404,039, but is still widely used in research itself. LY-379,268 has sedative, neuroprotective, anti-addictive and anticonvulsant effects in animals, and blocks the effects of PCP and DOI, which has led to research into LY-379,268 and similar compounds as antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia in animals. There are inconsistent findings about an additional activity as a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist In pharmacology, partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate a given Receptor (biochemistry), receptor, but have only partial Intrinsic activity, efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist. They may also be considered Ligand (bio .... See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LY-341,495
LY-341495 is a research drug developed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, which acts as a potent and selective orthosteric antagonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluR2/3). It is used in scientific research in several different areas, showing antidepressant effects in animal models, increasing the behavioural effects of hallucinogenic drugs in animal tests, and increasing the analgesic effects of μ-opioid agonists, as well as modulating dopamine receptor function. The 1-fluorocyclopropane analog has a superior pharmacokinetic profile and similar mGluR2/3 affinity, and making a prodrug A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be ... from this with the heptyl ester increases bioavailability still further. See also * CECXG References {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
