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Qutlugh-Khanids
The Qutlugh-Khanids (, otherwise known as the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty, Kirmanid dynasty, or very rarely as the Later Western Liao) was a culturally Persianate dynasty of ethnic Khitan origin that ruled over Kirman (in present-day Kerman Province, Iran) from 1222 to 1306. It was founded by Buraq Hajib, who emigrated from the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) during the collapse of the realm. Originally an independent entity, the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty subsequently ruled as vassals of the Khwarazmian dynasty, the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate. The dynasty was removed from power by the Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü, who appointed Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Burhan as governor of Kirman. Later Western Liao Although there was no mention of a dynasty called the "Later Western Liao" (后西辽) in traditional Chinese scholarship, Wang Zhilai wrote a paper ''On the Later Western Liao'' (关于"后西辽") in 1983, where he proposed to call the Qutlugh-Khanids the "Later Western Liao", th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Al-Din Mohammad
Qutb al-Din Mohammad — was Qutlughanid ruler of Kerman and a nephew of Buraq Hajib, founder of dynasty. Life He was a son of Hamīd Pur (or Khan Temür), thus a nephew of Buraq Hajib. His father was an emir in service of Khwarazmshah dynasty, who served as commander of Bukhara in c. 1220. First reign and exile He succeeded his uncle Buraq Hajib in 1235 and married Kutlugh Turkan on 5 September 1235. However, his reign was very short as he was quickly replaced by his cousin Rukn al-Din on the order of Ögedei Khan. He left for Mongolia through Shahdad- Zozan route and was ordered to join Mahmud Yalavach in China as soon as he arrived. He was present at Güyük Khan's election in 1246, from whom he asked to be recognized as ruler of Kirman once again. However, this was discouraged by Güyük's trusted advisor Chinqai who was a tutor to Rukn al-Din previously. Second reign His aspiration to rule Kirman again was realized after Güyük's and Chinqai's subsequent deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padishah Khatun
Safwat al-Din Khatun (1256–1295 ,), otherwise known as Padishah Khatun (), was the ruler of Kirman from 1292 until 1295 as a member of the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty in Persia and a poet in Persian language. Life She was born in 1256, as the youngest daughter of Qutb al-Din (d. 1257) and Kutlugh Turkan of Kirman.Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. . She already had her own fiefdom in Sirjan thanks to her mother Kutlugh Turkan's visit to coronation ceremony of Abaqa in 1265. Her first spouse was Abaqa Khan to whom she was married on 22 May 1272. The marriage was arranged by her mother to secure Mongol support for her rule. She was granted the household of Abaqa's late mother Yesunjin. She was instrumental in strengthening the rule of her mother Kutlugh Turkan and was her supporter against her siblings Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj (1276) and Suyurghatmish (1280). After Abaqa's death She did not leave for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffar Al-Din Hajjaj
Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a nominal Qutlughkhanid prince of Kerman, a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad and Kutlugh Turkan. Life Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a minor when his father Qutb al-Din Mohammad died in 1257. Kerman nobles assembled and asked Hulegu for Kutlugh Turkan's appointment as the ruler of the principality. Hulegu confirmed Hajjaj as the new ruler of Kerman, while Kutlugh Turkan was assigned only the civil affairs. Hajjaj's brother-in-law Azad al-Din Hajji was confirmed as the supreme commander, much to Turkan's displeasure, who later obtained full sovereign rights. Hajjaj married Arghun Aqa's daughter Begi Khatun - a woman his father wanted to marry - in 1264. This was the year when Turkan was acknowledged by Hulegu as a ruler in her own right, putting Hajjaj under her shadow. Once he reached adulthood, Hajjaj began to fight at the front of the Ilkhanid army ranks, Chagataid where he achieved fame. This was confirmed when he was honored by Abaqa in 1270. Accord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffar Al-Din Mohammad
Muzaffar al-Din Mohammad was the penultimate Qutlugh-Khanids, Qutlughkhanid ruler of Kerman. Life He was the son of Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj. He succeeded Kurdujin Khatun as hereditary ruler of Kerman on the order of Ghazan in 1295/1296. One of his first orders was to bring remains of her aunt Padishah Khatun to be reburied in Kerman. His reign was troubled by rebellions of his cousins Nasrat al-Din Yulukshah, Ghiyath ad-Din Solokshah and his brother Qutb al-Din Taghishah - ruler of Sirjan. His brutal repression of them made him unpopular to the point of resignation of his vizier Fakhraddin Harawi. He was reported to be cruel to his half brothers Hasanshah and Mahmudshah too.{{Cite journal, last=Derneği, first=İranoloji, title=Târîh-i Güzîde'ye Göre Kirman Karahıtayları (According to Târîh-i Güzîde Qara Khitai of Kirman), url=https://www.academia.edu/35180383, language=en He died in 1304 from excessive drinking of wine. He was succeeded by his cousin Qutb al-Din Shah J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Al-Din Shah Jahan
Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan was the last Qutlughkhanid ruler of Kerman. Life He was a son of Suyurghatmish. His reign was brief after his succession to his cousin. He was reported to be cruel, corrupt and extremely tempered. He was replaced by a Mongol governor Malik Nasiraddin Mohammad on the orders of Öljeitu. He lived the rest of his life in Shiraz with her step-mother Kurdujin Khatun. His daughter Qutlughkhan Makdumshah was married to Mubariz al-Din Muhammad Mubariz al-Din Muhammad (; 1301–1363), was the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, ruling from 1314 to 1358. He was born to a family of Arab origin, which settled in Khurasan during the Islamic conquest. His mother however was probably Mongol. ... in 1328, who became the founder of Muzaffarid dynasty. References 14th-century Khitan rulers Qutlugh-Khanids {{royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suyurghatmish
Jalal ad-Din Suyurgatmish was Qutlughanid ruler of Kerman and a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad. Life His mother's identity is unknown, he had a full sister Ordu Kutlugh who was married to Baydu. He was a childhood friend with Tekuder, son of Hulagu, a connection that would prove helpful in future. An ambitious person, he went to the court of Abaqa to obtain noble rights of his step-brother Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj in 1279. Having obtained recognition, he arrived at Kerman on 19 September 1280 and forced her step-mother Kutlugh Turkan to make him a co-ruler by 19 October, had the '' khutba'' proclaimed in his name too. A number of members of the court joined Suyurgatmish, including Muiz al-Din Malekshah, a high ranking noble. However she soon "complained to her daughter Padishah Khatun and received a yarligh forbidding her stepson to meddle in the affairs of Kirman". Reign Following Abaqa's death in 1281, he obtained a great power due to his friendship with Tekuder, new Ilkh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buraq Hajib
Buraq Hajib, also spelt Baraq Hajib (died 1234), Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. . was a Khitan who founded the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty in the southern Persian province of Kirman the early 13th century after the conquest of the sinicised Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) by the Mongol Empire. The dynasty founded by Buraq Hajib ended in the 14th century. Origin The Khitans in northern China were known as خطا in Arabic (''Khata'') and are mentioned by Muslim chroniclers as having fought against Muslims and founded the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty). After the destruction of the Qara Khitai realm by the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1218, the former land of the Qara Khitai became absorbed into the Mongol Empire. A small part of the population under Buraq Hajib settled in the Persian province of Kirman, converted to Islam, and established a local dynasty there. Early years Buraq Hajib is thought to be a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rukn Al-Din Mubarak Khwaja
Rukn al-Din Mubarak Khwaja was a Qutlugkhanid ruler of Kerman and the son of Buraq Hajib, founder of the dynasty. Life He was the only son of Buraq Hajib and Uka Khatun. He was sent to court of Ögedei Khan in 1234 by his father as a gesture of submission. He did not return to Kirman upon hearing of his father's death but continued his journey, which eventually secured his recognition by Khan. He was trusted to be tutored by Chinqai, a Nestorian Uyghur secretary of Ögedei and Güyük. Indeed his deposed cousin Qutb al-Din Mohammad was held in Mongol court thanks to Chinqai's efforts. Reign He was not popular among Persian population and clerics of Kirman during his 16 year long reign. Although he had to abdicate in favor Qutb al-Din Mohammad according to the order of Möngke in 1252/1253. He left his domains and set out to Luristan, first fleeing to his nephew Salghur shah - Atabeg of Yazd with his mother Uka Khatun in 1252, later getting into contact with Caliph al-Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdujin Khatun
Kurdujin Khatun (prior to 1273–1338) was an Ilkhanid princess who ruled Kerman from 1295 to 1296, and Shiraz from 1319 to 1338. Life Kurdujin Khatun was born to Abish Khatun and Möngke Temür, the son of Hulagu Khan. First Marriage Kurdujin's marriage to Suyurgatmish of Kerman, a Khitan ruler, helped her new husband gain many allies, including Suqunjaq Noyan (governor of Iraq), Khuzestan, and Qutui Khatun, the mother of Tekuder. Suyurgatmish was confirmed as the new ruler of Kerman by Tekuder in 1282. Kurdujin further extended her influence when she inherited her mother's estate in 1286. However, after Gaykhatu's coronation, the political climate suddenly changed, and Padishah Khatun, who became the ruler of Kerman, imprisoned Suyurgatmish. Kurdujin helped her husband to escape, but he was captured and executed on August 21, 1294. Struggle against Padishah Khatun Kurdujin Khatun got revenge when Baydu, the son-in-law of Suyurgatmish, ascended to the throne. Baydu dem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutlugh Turkan
Kutlugh Turkan (c.1208/1213 – 1283), was a sovereign ruler of Kirman from 1257 until 1282. Early life Different accounts exist regarding her early life. According to "History of Qara-Khitai Shahs" (''Tāriḵ-e šāhi-e Qarāḵtāʾiān'') by anonymous author, she might have been born in Transoxiana between 1208 and 1213 and later sold as a slave to an Isfahani merchant, who adopter her and raised with excellent education. While other sources talk of her as a concubine to Qiyasaddin Pirshah (son of Muhammad II of Khwarazm), then of Buraq Hajib. Although Fatema Mernissi proposed that she was Buraq Hajib's daughter. She married Qutb al-Din Mohammad on 5 September 1235, a nephew of Buraq Hajib and his successor. However they were sent to Ögedei's court when Buraq Hajib's son Rukn al-Din Mubarak Khawja (d. 1252) was recognized as the new ruler of Kirman. They returned to Kirman when Qutb al-Din was confirmed as new ruler in December 1252 by Möngke. However, she was wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerman Province
Kerman province () is the largest of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Kerman. The province is in the southeast of Iran. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achaemenid satrapy of Carmania, Kerman province has an area of , encompassing nearly 11% of the land area of Iran.http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_sci_en/sci_en/sel/year85/f1/CS_01_4.HTM History According to a text from the 8th century commontly attributed to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, present-day Kerman province was situated in the southern quarter of the Sasanian Empire. The main city of the region from the Sasanian era to the 10th century was Sirjan. Early Muslim geographers considered the area as part of the hot climatic zone and the mountainous interior as home of predatory people including the Kufečs (or Kofejān). Hamdallah Mustawfi stated that predatory beasts roamed the area which by then had undergone forestation. In the 13th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
