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Quercus Douglasii
''Quercus douglasii'', known as blue oak, is a species of oak endemic to California, common in the Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It is California's most drought-tolerant deciduous oak, and is a dominant species in the blue oak woodland ecosystem. It is occasionally known as mountain oak and iron oak. Description ''Quercus douglasii'' is a medium-sized tree with sparse foliage, generally tall, with a trunk in diameter at breast height. Trunks are typically solitary, but some trees have multiple trunks. The tallest recorded specimen was found in Alameda County, at . The trees grow slowly, about per year. Individual trees over 500 years old have been recorded. The bark is light gray with many medium-sized dark cracks. The blue-green leaves are tough and leathery, deciduous, long, and entire or shallowly lobed. The acorns are long, with a moderately sweet kernel, and mature in 6–7 months from pollination. ''Q. douglasii'' is monoecious and wind-po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasture
Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'', "to feed") is land used for grazing. Types of pasture Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep, or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs (non-grass herbaceous plants). Pasture is typically grazed throughout the summer, in contrast to meadow which is ungrazed or used for grazing only after being mown to make hay for animal fodder. Pasture in a wider sense additionally includes rangelands, other unenclosed pastoral systems, and land types used by wild animals for grazing or browsing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are distinguished from rangelands by being managed through more intensive agricultural practices of seeding, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers, while rangelands grow primarily native vegetation, managed with e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Leaf Morphology
The following terms are used to describe leaf plant morphology, morphology in the description and taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflet (botany), leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, and may be smooth or have hair, bristles, or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf#Terminology, leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oregon White Oak
''Quercus garryana'' is an oak tree species named for Nicholas Garry, deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. It is commonly known as the Garry oak, Oregon white oak or Oregon oak. The species is found in the Pacific Northwest, with a range stretching from southern California to southwestern British Columbia. Description ''Quercus garryana'' is typically of medium height, growing slowly to around and occasionally as high as , or in shrub form to tall. The trunks grow to thick, exceptionally . The Bark (botany), bark is gray and fissured. It has the characteristic oval profile of other oaks when solitary, but is also known to grow in groves close enough together that crowns may form a canopy. The leaves are deciduous, long and 1–3 in broad, with 3–7 deep lobes on each side, darker green on top and finely haired below. The flowers are catkins. The fruit a small acorn long, rarely in, and broad, with shallow, scaly cups. Its fall color is unspectacular, with many tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valley Oak
''Quercus lobata'', commonly called the valley oak or roble, is the largest of the California oaks. It is endemic to the state, growing in interior valleys and foothills from Siskiyou to San Diego counties. Deciduous, it requires year-round groundwater, and may live up to 600 years. Its thick, ridged bark (resembling alligator hide) and deeply lobed leaves are characteristic, and assist in identification. Description The valley oak may surpass in height, with a sturdy trunk possibly exceeding in diameter. The "Henley Oak", in Covelo, California, is the tallest known valley oak, at . The branches have an irregular, spreading and arching appearance. During autumn, the leaves turn a yellow to light orange color but become brown later in the season. In advancing age, the branches droop. The trees have pewter-colored rippled bark. Typically, the leaves are long and are roundly and deeply lobed. The leaf width is approximately one half its length. Each leaf is matte green with an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coast Live Oak
''Quercus agrifolia'', the California live oak, or coast live oak, is an evergreen live oak native to the California Floristic Province. Live oaks are so-called because they keep living leaves on the tree all year, adding young leaves and shedding dead leaves simultaneously rather than dropping dead leaves en masse in the autumn like a true deciduous tree. Coast live oaks may be shrubby, depending on age and growing location, but is generally a medium-sized tree. It grows west of the Sierra Nevada mountain range from Mendocino County, California, south to northern Baja California in Mexico. It is classified in the red oak section of oaks (''Quercus'' sect. ''Lobatae''), subsection ''Agrifoliae''. This species is commonly sympatric with canyon live oak (''Q. chrysolepis''), and the two may be hard to distinguish because their spinose leaves are superficially similar. Description Coast live oak typically has a much-branched trunk and reaches a mature height of . Some spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interior Live Oak
''Quercus wislizeni'', known by the common name interior live oak, is an evergreen oak, highly variable and often shrubby, found in western North America. Description It is a large shrub or tree growing to tall, although where it is common in the low-elevation Sierra Nevada foothills it seldom exceeds . The dark-green leaves—appearing grayish from a distance—are usually small, long, thick, and often spiny-toothed at higher elevations, particularly on young trees. The male flowers are on catkins, the female flowers in groups of 2–4 in leaf axils. The acorns are long, and mature the second season (about 18 months) after flowering. Specimens can live for up to 200 years. Taxonomy Although originally published by Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle as "wislizeni", some sources mistakenly spelled the specific epithet "wislizenii". Correct spelling is with one "I", per ICN article 60C.2. Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus's specimen was thought by de Candolle to have been colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gray Pine
''Pinus sabiniana'' (sometimes spelled ''P. sabineana'') is a pine endemic to California in the United States. Its vernacular names include towani pine, foothill pine, gray pine, ghost pine, and bull pine. The name digger pine was historically used but includes a racial slur. Description ''Pinus sabiniana'' trees typically grow to , but can reach . The pine needles are in fascicles (bundles) of three, distinctively pale gray-green, sparse and drooping, and grow to in length. The seed cones are large and heavy, in length and almost as wide as they are long. When fresh, they weigh from , rarely over . The male cones grow at the base of shoots on the lower branches. File:Pinus sabineana 00061.JPG, Bark File:Pinus sabiniana (Gray Pine) - foliage (30485878313).jpg, Foliage File:Pinus sabiniana pollen cones Pinnacles, California.jpg, Pollen cones File:J20161101-0079—Gray pine cone, pine nuts, and resin—RPBG (30547385050).jpg, Cone, seeds, and resin Taxonomy Common name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canopy (biology)
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant community, plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual Crown (botany), plant crowns. In forest ecology, the canopy is the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms (epiphytes, lianas, Arboreal, arboreal animals, etc.). The communities that inhabit the canopy layer are thought to be involved in maintaining forest diversity, Ecological resilience, resilience, and functioning. Shade trees normally have a dense canopy that blocks light from lower growing plants. Early observations of canopies were made from the ground using binoculars or by examining fallen material. Researchers would sometimes erroneously rely on extrapolation by using more reachable samples taken from the understory. In some cases, they would use unconventional methods such as chairs suspended on vines or hot-air dirigibles, among others. Modern technology, including adapted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Oak
''Quercus'' subgenus ''Quercus'' is one of the two subgenera into which the genus ''Quercus'' was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus ''Cerris''). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa. Description Members of subgenus ''Quercus'' are distinguished from members of subgenus ''Cerris'' by few morphological features, their separation being largely determined by molecular phylogenetic evidence. All are trees or shrubs bearing acorn-like fruit in which a cup covers at least the base of the nut. The outer structure of the mature pollen is one feature that distinguishes the two subgenera: in subgenus ''Quercus'', the small folds or wrinkles (rugulae) are obscured by sporopollenin, whereas in subgenus ''Cerris'', the rugulae are visible or at most weakly obscured. The two sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Douglas (botanist)
David Douglas (25 June 1799 – 12 July 1834) was a Scottish botanist, best known as the namesake of the Douglas fir. He worked as a gardener, and explored the Scottish Highlands, North America and Hawaii, where he died. Early life Douglas was born in Scone, Perthshire, Scone, Perthshire, the second son of John Douglas, a stonemason, and Jean Drummond. At around the age of seven, he attended a school in a neighboring parish, where he became known for his tardiness and truancy, preferring to explore the countryside during his two-mile walk to class. He attended school in Kinnoull, on the eastern banks of the River Tay, and upon leaving found work as an apprentice to William Beattie, head gardener at nearby Scone Palace, the seat of the David William Murray, 3rd Earl of Mansfield, Earl of Mansfield. He spent seven years in this position, completing his apprenticeship, and then spent a winter at a college in Perth to learn more of the scientific and mathematical aspects of plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catkin
A catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster (a spike), with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind- pollinated ( anemophilous) but sometimes insect-pollinated (as in '' Salix''). It contains many, usually unisexual flowers, arranged closely along a central stem that is often drooping. Catkins are found in many plant families, including Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, and Salicaceae. Occurrence Catkin-bearing plants include many trees or shrubs such as birch, willow, aspen, hickory, sweet chestnut, and sweetfern (''Comptonia''). In many of these plants, only the male flowers form catkins, and the female flowers are single ( hazel, oak), a cone ( alder), or other types ( mulberry). '' Corylus jacquemontii'' has male catkins and also female spikes. In other plants (such as poplar), both male and female flowers are borne in catkins. '' Populus alba'' has male catkins which are grey and the female catkins are greyish-green. While the blooming months ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoecious
Monoecy (; adj. monoecious ) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower. Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant. Monoecy in Flowering plant, angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin. Terminology Monoecious comes from the Greek words for one house. History The term monoecy was first introduced in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus. Darwin noted that the flowers of monoecious species sometimes showed traces of the opposite sex function, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
