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Queensbury Tunnel
Queensbury Tunnel is a disused railway tunnel that connects Holmfield railway station, Holmfield and Queensbury, West Yorkshire, Queensbury in West Yorkshire, England. It was built by the Great Northern Railway (Great Britain), Great Northern Railway (GNR) and, at in length, was the longest on the company's network at the time of its opening in 1878. The line through the tunnel closed in 1956. The tunnel is owned by the Department for Transport and maintained on its behalf by National Highways's Historical Railways Estate (HRE) team. Controversy has surrounded the future of the tunnel for several years. The Queensbury Tunnel Society (QTS), supported by cycling groups, environmental campaigners and two local councils, is seeking to reopen it as part of a greenway linking Bradford and Halifax. However Highways England is progressing plans to abandon the structure due to concerns over its condition; this would result in some sections being infilled. In September 2019, Queensbury ...
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Queensbury Lines
The Queensbury lines was the name given to a number of railway lines in West Yorkshire, England, that linked Bradford, Halifax and Keighley via Queensbury. All the lines were either solely owned by the Great Northern Railway (GNR) or jointly by the GNR and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR). The terrain was extremely challenging for railway construction, and the lines were very expensive to build. The lines were * the Halifax and Ovenden Junction Railway,There were other variations on the name. opened from 1874; * the Bradford and Thornton Railway, opened in stages from 1876; * the Halifax, Thornton and Keighley Railway from Holmfield to Queensbury and from Thornton to Keighley, opened in stages from 1878; * the Halifax High Level Railway, opened from 1890, but closed to passengers in 1917. For some time the network was busy, both for passengers and goods, but carryings declined steeply, and passenger services were discontinued in 1955. Goods traffic ceased in 197 ...
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Frederick Beaumont
Frederick Edward Blackett Beaumont (22 October 1833 – 20 August 1899) was a British Army officer and politician. A member of the Royal Engineers, he produced several inventions, including a tunnel boring machine which bore his name, and the Beaumont–Adams revolver. Early life Beaumont was the son of Edward Blackett Beaumont and Jane Lee. He was born in Darfield, South Yorkshire and educated at the Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill, England. Career Beaumont served in the Royal Engineers and was a contemporary of General Charles George Gordon; his name appeared directly before Gordon's in the Army Lists from the date of their first commissioning on 23 June 1852. As a lieutenant, Beaumont saw service during the Crimean War, and was one of only a small number of British officers who served with Turkish forces along the Danube, serving with the (local) rank of Captain in the Turkish Contingent Engineers, for which service he was awarded the Turkish Crimean War medal rather t ...
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Royal Astronomical Society
The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society and charitable organisation, charity that encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, planetary science, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science. Its headquarters are in Burlington House, on Piccadilly in London. The society has over 4,000 members, known as fellows, most of whom are professional researchers or postgraduate students. Around a quarter of Fellows live outside the UK. The society holds monthly scientific meetings in London, and the annual National Astronomy Meeting at varying locations in the British Isles. The RAS publishes the scientific journals ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'', ''Geophysical Journal International'' and ''RAS Techniques and Instruments'', along with the trade magazine ''Astronomy & Geophysics''. The RAS maintains an astronomy research library, engages in public outreach and advises the UK government on astronomy education. The socie ...
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Geophysical Journal International
''Geophysical Journal International'' (GJI) is a monthly Peer review, peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of geophysics. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of two learned societies: the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) and the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (German Geophysical Society, DGG), who select and peer-review the contents. GJI was formed in 1988 by the merger of three earlier geophysics journals, the oldest of which was established in 1922. The editor-in-chief is Joerg Renner (Ruhr University Bochum). The journal publishes original research papers, research notes, letters, and book reviews. Its topical scope includes research on all aspects of theoretical, computational, applied and observational geophysics. History GJI was formed by a complex series of mergers between previous geophysical journals. Its origins can be traced to 1919, when the RAS absorbed the Geophysical Committee (which had previously been part of the British Assoc ...
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University Of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, world's third-oldest university in continuous operation. The university's founding followed the arrival of scholars who left the University of Oxford for Cambridge after a dispute with local townspeople. The two ancient university, ancient English universities, although sometimes described as rivals, share many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In 1231, 22 years after its founding, the university was recognised with a royal charter, granted by Henry III of England, King Henry III. The University of Cambridge includes colleges of the University of Cambridge, 31 semi-autonomous constituent colleges and List of institutions of the University of Cambridge#Schools, Faculties, and Departments, over 150 academic departm ...
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Strainmeter
A strainmeter is an instrument used by geophysicists to measure the deformation of the Earth. Linear strainmeters measure the changes in the distance between two points, using either a solid piece of material (over a short distance) or a laser interferometer (over a long distance, up to several hundred meters). The type using a solid length standard was invented by Benioff in 1932, using an iron pipe; later instruments used rods made of fused quartz. Modern instruments of this type can make measurements of length changes over very small distances, and are commonly placed in boreholes to measure small changes in the diameter of the borehole. Another type of borehole instrument detects changes in a volume filled with fluid (such as silicone oil). The most common type is the dilatometer invented by Sacks and Evertson in the USA (patent 3,635,076); a design that uses specially shaped volumes to measure the strain tensor has been developed by Sakata in Japan. All these types of strai ...
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Invar
Invar, also known generically as FeNi36 (64FeNi in the US), is a nickel–iron alloy notable for its uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE or α). The name ''Invar'' comes from the word ''invariable'', referring to its relative lack of expansion or contraction with temperature changes, and is a registered trademark of ArcelorMittal. The discovery of the alloy was made in 1895 by Swiss physicist Charles Édouard Guillaume for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920. It enabled improvements in scientific instruments. Properties Like other nickel/iron compositions, Invar is a solid solution; that is, it is a Phase (matter), single-phase alloy. In one commercial grade called Invar 36 it consists of approximately 36% nickel and 64% iron, has a melting point of , a density of and a resistivity of . The invar range was described by Westinghouse scientists in 1961 as "30–45 Mole fraction, atom per cent nickel". Common grades of Invar have a coefficient o ...
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Queensbury Tunnel Flooded South Entrance
Queensbury may refer to: Places Canada * Queensbury Parish, New Brunswick United Kingdom England * Queensbury, London * Queensbury, West Yorkshire ** Queensbury Ward; see List of electoral wards in West Yorkshire United States * Queensbury, New York; in Warren County ** Queensbury Union Free School District Facilities and structures * Queensbury Mill, Somersworth, New Hampshire, USA; an NRHP-listed building * The Queensbury Hotel, Glen Falls, New York, USA Transportation * Queensbury Tunnel, West Yorkshire, England; a train tunnel * Queensbury tube station, London, England; a London Underground station * Queensbury railway station, West Yorkshire, England * Queensbury Lines The Queensbury lines was the name given to a number of railway lines in West Yorkshire, England, that linked Bradford, Halifax and Keighley via Queensbury. All the lines were either solely owned by the Great Northern Railway (GNR) or jointly ..., West Yorkshire, England; several rail lines Oth ...
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Yorkshire Post
''The Yorkshire Post'' is a daily broadsheet newspaper, published in Leeds, Yorkshire, England. It primarily covers stories from Yorkshire, although its masthead carries the slogan "Yorkshire's National Newspaper". It was previously owned by Johnston Press and is now owned by National World. Founded in 1754, it is one of the oldest newspapers in the country. The paper's head office is in Whitehall Road, Leeds and the current editor is James Mitchinson. It considers itself "one of Britain's most trusted and historic newsbrands." History The paper was founded in 1754, as the '' Leeds Intelligencer'', making it one of Britain's first daily newspapers. The ''Leeds Intelligencer'' was a weekly newspaper until it was purchased by a group of Conservatives in 1865 who set up the Yorkshire Conservative Newspaper Company Limited then published daily under the current name. The first issue of ''The Yorkshire Post'', on 2 July 1866, included the following statement: The newspaper ...
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Leeds Mercury
The ''Leeds Mercury'' was a newspaper published in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was published from 1718 to 1755 and again from 1767. Initially it consisted of 12 pages and cost three halfpennies. In 1794 it had a circulation of about 3,000 copies, and in 1797 the cost rose to sixpence because of increased stamp duty. It appeared weekly until 1855, then three times a week until 1861 when stamp duty was abolished and it became a daily paper costing one penny. Edward Baines (1774–1848) bought the paper in 1801, and his son Sir Edward Baines (1800–1890) succeeded him as editor and proprietor. In 1923 the ''Leeds Mercury'' was acquired by the Yorkshire Conservative Newspaper Company Limited (now Yorkshire Post Newspapers), publishers of the '' Yorkshire Post'', but it continued to be published as a separate title until 26 November 1939, after which a combined paper was published as the ''Yorkshire Post'' with the ''Mercury'' name kept as a subtitle for some years. The m ...
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The National Archives (United Kingdom)
The National Archives (TNA; ) is a non-ministerial government department, non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. Its parent department is the Department for Culture, Media and Sport of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is the official National archives, national archive of the UK Government and for England and Wales; and "guardian of some of the nation's most iconic documents, dating back more than 1,000 years." There are separate national archives for Scotland (the National Records of Scotland) and Northern Ireland (the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland). TNA was formerly four separate organisations: the Public Record Office (PRO), the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, Historical Manuscripts Commission, the Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) and Office of Public Sector Information, His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). The Public Record Office still exists as a legal entity, as ...
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Single-line Working
On a railway, single-line workingDriver's Rulebook: Module P1 - Sections 1 to 6
Single line working
refers to the practice where, when one line out of the two lines is blocked, trains are able to use the other in either direction.Brainscape Flashcards: Single line working
/ref> This is usually when a line is out of use for maintenance, or because of damage, obstruction or train failure.


Circumstances

Lines that are equipped with Application of railway signals#Bi-directional signalling, bi-directional signalling can operate normally since the signalling equipm ...
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