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Quadroon
In the colonial societies of the Americas and Australia, a quadroon or quarteron (in the United Kingdom, the term quarter-caste is used) was a person with one-quarter African/ Aboriginal and three-quarters European ancestry. Similar classifications were octoroon for one-eighth black (Latin root ''octo-'', means "eight") and quintroon for one-sixteenth black. Governments of the time sometimes incorporated the terms in law, defining rights and restrictions. The use of such terminology is a characteristic of hypodescent, which is the practice within a society of assigning children of mixed unions to the ethnic group which the dominant group perceives as being subordinate. The racial designations refer specifically to the number of full-blooded African ancestors or equivalent, emphasizing the quantitative least, with quadroon signifying that a person has one-quarter black ancestry. Etymology The word ''quadroon'' was borrowed from the French ''quarteron'' and the Spanish ''cuarte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulatto
( , ) is a Race (human categorization), racial classification that refers to people of mixed Sub-Saharan African, African and Ethnic groups in Europe, European ancestry only. When speaking or writing about a singular woman in English, the word is (). The use of this term began in the United States shortly after the Atlantic slave trade began and its use was widespread, derogatory and disrespectful. After the post Civil Rights Era, the term is now considered to be both outdated and offensive in the United States. In other Anglophone countries (the English-speaking world) such as English and Dutch-speaking West Indian countries, the word mulatto is still used. Countries with the highest percentages of persons who have equally high European and African ancestry — ''Mulatto'' — are the Dominican Republic (74%) and Cape Verde (71%). Mulattos in many Latin American countries, aside from predominately European and African ancestry, usually also have slight indigenous ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biracial
The term multiracial people refers to people who are mixed with two or more races and the term multi-ethnic people refers to people who are of more than one ethnicities. A variety of terms have been used both historically and presently for multiracial people in a variety of contexts, including ''multiethnic'', ''polyethnic'', occasionally ''bi-ethnic'', ''biracial'', ''mixed-race'', ''Métis'', '' Muwallad'', ''Melezi'', '' Coloured'', '' Dougla'', '' half-caste'', '' ʻafakasi'', ''mulatto'', ''mestizo'', '' mutt'', '' Melungeon'', '' quadroon'', '' octoroon'', '' griffe'', '' sacatra'', '' sambo/zambo'', '' Eurasian'', '' hapa'', '' hāfu'', '' Garifuna'', '' pardo'', and '' Gurans''. A number of these once-acceptable terms are now considered offensive, in addition to those that were initially coined for pejorative use. Individuals of multiracial backgrounds make up a significant portion of the population in many parts of the world. In North America, studies have found that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castizo
''Castizo''Pronunciation in Latin American Spanish: (fem. ''Castiza'') was a racial category used in 18th-century Spanish America to refer to people who were three-quarters Spanish by descent and one-quarter Amerindian. The category of ''castizo'' was widely recognized by the 18th century in colonial Mexico and was a standard category portrayed in eighteenth-century casta paintings. History In the taxonomic chart accompanying a work on casta paintings, ''castizo'' is given as "uncertain origin". It appears in 1543 with the meaning "class, condition, social position" (''calidad, clase o condición''). The term ''castizo'' applied to the offspring of a union of a Spaniard and a '' mestiza'' (offspring of a Spaniard and an indigenous woman); that is, someone who is of three-quarters Spanish and one-quarter Amerindian ancestry. During this era, various other terms (''mestizo'', ''cuarterón de indio'', etc.) were also used. Most scholars do not view the racial labels and hierar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacatra
Sacatra was a term used in the French Colony of Saint-Domingue to describe the descendant of one black Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''P ... and one griffe parent, a person whose ancestry is ths black and th white. It was one of the many terms used in the colony's racial caste system to measure one's black blood. The etymology of ''sacatra'' is uncertain; Félix Rodríguez González linked it to Spanish ''sacar'' and ''atrás'' ; thus, a ''sacatra'' is a slave who is not kept in the house or at the front as a lighter-skinned servant might be. In fiction * In the 1989 novel ''The Dancing Other'', French author Suzanne Dracius mentions her main character finding "true friendship with a cheery sacatra girl with soft, caramel skin." *Nalo Hopkinson's 2004 speculative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marabou (ethnicity)
Marabou (; ) is a term of Haitian origin denoting Haitians of Mixed race ancestry. The term comes originally from the African Marabouts. Marabous are mainly descended from intermingling between Africans, Europeans and indigenous Taino. The Marabou label dates to the colonial period of Haiti's history, meaning the offspring of a mulatto ( , ) is a Race (human categorization), racial classification that refers to people of mixed Sub-Saharan African, African and Ethnic groups in Europe, European ancestry only. When speaking or writing about a singular woman in English, the ... and a griffe person. However, Médéric-Louis-Elie Moreau de Saint-Méry, in his three volume work on the colony,Médéric-Louis-Elie Moreau de Saint-Méry. Description topographique, physique, civile, politique et historique de la partie francaise de lisle Saint-Domingue. 3 vols.(Philadelphia, 1797). describes Marabous as the product of the union of an African/European and a Taino. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Census
The United States census (plural censuses or census) is a census that is legally mandated by the Constitution of the United States. It takes place every ten years. The first census after the American Revolution was taken in 1790 United States census, 1790 under United States Secretary of State, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. There have been 24 federal censuses since that time. The census includes territories of the United States. The United States Census Bureau is responsible for conducting the census. The 2020 United States census, most recent national census took place in 2020; the next census is scheduled for 2030. Since 2013, the Census Bureau began discussions on using technology to aid data collection starting with the 2020 census. In 2020, every household received an invitation to complete the census over the Internet, by phone or by paper questionnaire. For years between the decennial censuses, the Census Bureau issues estimates made using surveys and statistical mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The U.S. Census Bureau is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the president of the United States. Currently, Ron S. Jarmin is the acting director of the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau's primary mission is conducting the U.S. census every ten years, which allocates the seats of the U.S. House of Representatives to the states based on their population. The bureau's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $675 billion in federal funds every year and it assists states, local communities, and businesses in making informed decisions. The information provided by the census informs decisions on where to build and maintain schools, hospitals, transportation infrastructure, and police and fire departments. In addition to the decen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great-grandparent
Grandparents, individually known as grandmother and grandfather, or Grandma and Grandpa, are the parents of a person's father or mother – paternal or maternal. Every sexually reproducing living organism who is not a genetic chimera has a maximum of four genetic grandparents, eight genetic great-grandparents, sixteen genetic great-great-grandparents, thirty-two genetic great-great-great-grandparents, sixty-four genetic great-great-great-great-grandparents, etc. In the history of modern humanity, around 30,000 years ago, the number of modern humans who lived to be a grandparent increased. It is not known for certain what spurred this increase in longevity, but it is generally believed that a key consequence of three generations being alive together was the preservation of information which could otherwise have been lost; an example of this important information might have been where to find water in times of drought. In cases where parents are unwilling or unable to provide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet,Short biography from University of Virginia . Retrieved 24 November 2006.Allan Reid, "Russia's Greatest Poet/Scoundrel" Retrieved 2 September 2006. as well as the founder of modern Russian literature [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michigan State University
Michigan State University (Michigan State or MSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1855 as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, the first of its kind in the country. After the introduction of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Morrill Act in 1862, the state designated the college a land-grant institution in 1863, making it the first of the land-grant colleges in the United States. The college became coeducational in 1870. Today, Michigan State has facilities all across the state and over 634,000 alumni. Michigan State is a member of the Association of American Universities and is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The university's campus houses the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, the W. J. Beal Botanical Garden, the Abrams Planetarium, the Wharton Center f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stolen Generations
The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Aboriginal Australians, Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian Government of Australia, federal and States and territories of Australia, state government agencies and church Mission (station), missions, under Act of Parliament, acts of their respective parliaments. The removals of those referred to as "half-caste" children were conducted in the period between approximately 1905 and 1967, although in some places mixed-race children were still being taken into the 1970s. Official government estimates are that in certain regions between one in ten and one in three Indigenous Australian children were forcibly taken from their families and communities between 1910 and 1970. The Bringing Them Home, Bringing Them Home Royal Commission report (1997) described the Australian policies of removing Aboriginal childre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
