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Qi2
Qi ( ) is an open standard for inductive charging developed by the Wireless Power Consortium. It allows compatible devices, such as smartphones, to receive power when placed on a Qi charger, which can be effective over distances up to 4 cm (1.6 in). Devices that implement the optional Magnetic Power Profile for magnetic attachment and alignment may be labelled Qi2 ( ). Qi version 1.0 was released in 2010; by 2017, it had been incorporated into more than 200 models of smartphones, tablets, and other devices. In December 2023, 351 manufacturers were working with the standard, including Apple, Asus, Google, Huawei, LG Electronics, Samsung, Xiaomi, and Sony. , the current version of the Qi specification is 2.1., which incorporates Apple's MagSafe technology to enhance wireless charging through magnetic alignment. The current standard supports charging speeds of up to 15 watts and aims to improve compatibility across devices from various manufacturers. Naming The name Qi () means " ...
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MagSafe (wireless Charger)
MagSafe is a Proprietary hardware, proprietary, magnetically attached wireless power transfer and accessory-attachment standard developed by Apple Inc. for its iPhone and AirPods product lines. It was announced on October 13, 2020, in conjunction with the iPhone 12 and IPhone 12 Pro, 12 Pro series. The first version provides up to 15 W of power and is compatible with the open Qi (standard), Qi standard for up to 7.5 W of power. The second version, announced in 2024 in conjunction with the iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Pro, 16 Pro, provides up to 25 W of power and is compatible with the Qi2, Qi2 standard for up to 15 W of power. The connector also enables connecting non-charger accessories such as card holders and cases with communication through an integrated Near-field communication, NFC loop. The charger uses a circle of rare-earth magnets. Apple released two chargers using the MagSafe standard in 2020: the MagSafe Charger, which is a single charging pad for iPhon ...
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Semicircle
In mathematics (and more specifically geometry), a semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of a circle. It is a circular arc that measures 180° (equivalently, radians, or a half-turn). It only has one line of symmetry (reflection symmetry). In non-technical usage, the term "semicircle" is sometimes used to refer to either a closed curve that also includes the diameter segment from one end of the arc to the other or to the half- disk, which is a two-dimensional geometric region that further includes all the interior points. By Thales' theorem, any triangle inscribed in a semicircle with a vertex at each of the endpoints of the semicircle and the third vertex elsewhere on the semicircle is a right triangle, with a right angle at the third vertex. All lines intersecting the semicircle perpendicularly are concurrent at the center of the circle containing the given semicircle. Arithmetic and geometric means A semicircle can be used to construct th ...
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LG WCP-300 Qi Wireless Charger
LG Corporation (or LG Group), formerly known as Lucky-Goldstar, is a South Korean multinational conglomerate founded by Koo In-hwoi in 1947 and managed by successive generations of his family. It is the fourth-largest company in South Korea. Its headquarters are in the LG Twin Towers building in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul. LG makes electronics, chemicals, household appliances, and telecommunications products and operates subsidiaries such as LG Electronics, Zenith, LG Display, LG Uplus, LG Innotek, LG Chem, LG Energy Solution and LG AI Research in over 80 countries. History LG Corporation was established as Lak Hui Chemical Industrial Corp. in 1947 by Koo In-hwoi. Its first product was "Lucky Cream", the first Korean make-up cream. In 1952, Lak Hui () (pronounced "Lucky"; now LG Chem) became the first South Korean company to enter the plastics industry. As the company expanded its plastics business, it established GoldStar Co. Ltd. (now LG Electronics Inc.) i ...
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Filter Capacitor
Capacitors have many uses in electronic and electrical systems. They are so ubiquitous that it is rare that an electrical product does not include at least one for some purpose. Capacitors allow only AC signals to pass when they are charged blocking DC signals. The main components of filters are capacitors. Capacitors have the ability to connect one circuit segment to another. Capacitors are used by Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) devices to represent binary information as bits. Energy storage A capacitor can store electric energy when it is connected to its charging circuit and when it is disconnected from its charging circuit, it can dissipate that stored energy, so it can be used as a temporary Battery (electricity), battery. Capacitors are commonly used in electronic devices to maintain power supply while batteries are being changed. (This prevents loss of information in volatile memory.) Conventional electrostatic capacitors provide less than 360 joules per kilogram o ...
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Bridge Rectifier
A diode bridge is a bridge rectifier circuit of four diodes that is used in the process of converting alternating current (AC) from the input terminals to direct current (DC, i.e. fixed polarity) on the output terminals. Its function is to convert the negative voltage portions of the AC waveform to positive voltage, after which a low-pass filter can be used to smooth the result into DC. When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating-current (AC) input into a direct-current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to a rectifier with a three-wire input from a transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding. Prior to the availability of integrated circuits, a bridge rectifier was constructed from separate diodes. Since about 1950, a single four-terminal component containing the four diodes connected in a bridge con ...
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Farad
The farad (symbol: F) is the unit of electrical capacitance, the ability of a body to store an electrical charge, in the International System of Units, International System of Units (SI), equivalent to 1 coulomb per volt (C/V). It is named after the English physicist Michael Faraday (1791–1867). In SI base units 1 F = 1 kilogram, kg−1⋅meter, m−2⋅second, s4⋅ampere, A2. Definition The capacitance of a capacitor is one farad when one coulomb of charge changes the potential between the plates by one volt. Equally, one farad can be described as the capacitance which stores a one-coulomb charge across a potential difference of one volt. The relationship between capacitance, charge, and potential difference is linear. For example, if the potential difference across a capacitor is halved, the quantity of charge stored by that capacitor will also be halved. For most applications, the farad is an impractically large unit of capacitance. Most electrical and electron ...
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PID Controller
PID or Pid may refer to: Medicine * Pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic inflammatory disorder, an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system * Primary immune deficiency, disorders in which part of the body's immune system is missing or does not function properly * Prolapsed intervertebral disc, commonly called a herniated disc Science, technology and engineering * BBC Programme Identifier, a unique identifier for a BBC television or radio programme brand, a season or series, or an individual episode * OBD-II PIDs (on-board diagnostics parameter IDs), requests for data through an OBD connector in automotive repair * Packet Identifier, a field in a MPEG transport stream#Packet Identifier (PID), MPEG transport stream packet * Partial information decomposition, an extension of information theory * Passive infrared detector, a passive infrared sensor * Payload Interface Document (used on space engineering program for example) * Persistent identifier, a long-lastin ...
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H-bridge
An H-bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards or backwards. The name is derived from its common schematic diagram representation, with four switching elements configured as the branches of a letter "H" and the load connected as the cross-bar. Most DC-to-AC converters (power inverters), most AC/AC converters, the DC-to-DC push–pull converter, isolated DC-to-DC converter most motor controllers, and many other kinds of power electronics use H bridges. In particular, a bipolar stepper motor is almost always driven by a motor controller containing two H bridges. General H-bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete components. The term ''H-bridge'' is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a circuit. An H-bridge is built with four switches (solid-state or mechanical). When the s ...
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Resonant Circuit
An LC circuit, also called a resonant circuit, tank circuit, or tuned circuit, is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C, connected together. The circuit can act as an electrical resonator, an electrical analogue of a tuning fork, storing energy oscillating at the circuit's resonant frequency. LC circuits are used either for generating signals at a particular frequency, or picking out a signal at a particular frequency from a more complex signal; this function is called a bandpass filter. They are key components in many electronic devices, particularly radio equipment, used in circuits such as oscillators, filters, tuners and frequency mixers. An LC circuit is an idealized model since it assumes there is no dissipation of energy due to resistance. Any practical implementation of an LC circuit will always include loss resulting from small but non-zero resistance within the components and connecti ...
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Alternating Current
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences, and it is the form of electrical energy that consumers typically use when they plug kitchen appliances, televisions, Fan (machine), fans and electric lamps into a wall socket. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', respectively, as when they modify ''Electric current, current'' or ''voltage''. The usual waveform of alternating current in most electric power circuits is a sine wave, whose positive half-period corresponds with positive direction of the current and vice versa (the full period is called a ''wave cycle, cycle''). "Alternating current" most commonly refers to power distribution, but a wide range of other appl ...
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Magnetic Field
A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity and to the magnetic field. A permanent magnet's magnetic field pulls on ferromagnetic materials such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets. In addition, a nonuniform magnetic field exerts minuscule forces on "nonmagnetic" materials by three other magnetic effects: paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, although these forces are usually so small they can only be detected by laboratory equipment. Magnetic fields surround magnetized materials, electric currents, and electric fields varying in time. Since both strength and direction of a magnetic field may vary with location, it is described mathematically by a function (mathematics), function assigning a Euclidean vector, vector to each point of space, ...
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