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Q-ball
In theoretical physics, Q-ball is a type of non-topological soliton. A soliton is a localized field configuration that is stable—it cannot spread out and dissipate. In the case of a non-topological soliton, the stability is guaranteed by a conserved charge: the soliton has lower energy per unit charge than any other configuration (in physics, charge is often represented by the letter "Q", and the soliton is spherically symmetric, hence the name). Intuitive explanation A Q-ball arises in a theory of bosonic particles when there is an attraction between the particles. Loosely speaking, the Q-ball is a finite-sized "blob" containing a large number of particles. The blob is stable against fission into smaller blobs and against "evaporation" via emission of individual particles, because, due to the attractive interaction, the blob is the lowest-energy configuration of that number of particles. (This is analogous to the fact that nickel-62 is the most stable nucleus because it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-topological Soliton
In quantum field theory, a non-topological soliton (NTS) is a soliton field configuration possessing, contrary to a topological one, a conserved Noether charge and stable against transformation into usual particles of this field for the following reason. For fixed charge ''Q'', the mass sum of ''Q'' free particles exceeds the energy (mass) of the NTS so that the latter is energetically favorable to exist. The interior region of an NTS is occupied by vacuum different from the ambient vacuum. The vacuums are separated by the surface of the NTS representing a domain wall configuration (topological defect), which also appears in field theories with broken discrete symmetry. Infinite domain walls contradict cosmology, but the surface of an NTS is closed and finite, so its existence would not be contradictory. If the topological domain wall is closed, it shrinks because of wall tension; however, due to the structure of the NTS surface, it does not shrink since the decrease of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney Coleman
Sidney Richard Coleman (7 March 1937 – 18 November 2007) was an American theoretical physicist noted for his research in high-energy physics. Life and work Sidney Coleman grew up on the Far North Side of Chicago. In 1957, he received his undergraduate degree from the Illinois Institute of Technology physics department. Coleman received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1962, where he was advised by Murray Gell-Mann. He moved to Harvard University that year, where he spent his entire career, meeting his wife Diana there in the late 1970s. They were married in 1982. "He was a giant in a peculiar sense, because he's not known to the general populace," Nobel laureate Sheldon Glashow told the Boston Globe. "He's not a Stephen Hawking; he has virtually no visibility outside. But within the community of theoretical physicists, he's kind of a major god. He is the physicist's physicist." In 1966, Antonino Zichichi recruited Coleman as a lecturer at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunshine (2007 Film)
''Sunshine'' is a 2007 science fiction film, science fiction psychological thriller film directed by Danny Boyle and written by Alex Garland. Starring an ensemble cast featuring Cillian Murphy, Chris Evans (actor), Chris Evans, Rose Byrne, Michelle Yeoh, Cliff Curtis, Troy Garity, Hiroyuki Sanada, Benedict Wong, Chipo Chung, and Mark Strong, the film takes place in the year 2057, where a group of astronauts aboard the ''Icarus II'' are sent on a dangerous mission to reignite the dying Sun. A British-American co-production between DNA Films, UK Film Council, and Ingenious Film Partners, ''Sunshine'' was released in the United Kingdom on 6 April 2007 and in the United States on 20 July 2007 thru Fox Searchlight Pictures. With a budget of US $40 million, it grossed $34.8 million worldwide, making it a box-office bomb. Despite this, the film received generally positive reviews from critics, highlighting its visual style, direction and performances, but criticizing the third act and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orion's Arm
Orion's Arm (also called the Orion's Arm Universe Project, OAUP, or simply OA) is a multi-authored online hard science fiction world-building project, first established in 2000 by M. Alan Kazlev, Donna Malcolm Hirsekorn, Bernd Helfert and Anders Sandberg and further co-authored by many people since. Anyone can contribute articles, stories, artwork, or music to the website. A large mailing list exists, in which members debate aspects of the world they are creating, discussing additions, modifications, issues arising, and work to be done. A computer game and a tabletop role-playing game are being developed by the community, within the OA milieu. There is an ezine for Orion's Arm fiction, art, and commentary, called ''Voices: Future Tense'', add-ons for the Celestia program to displaying Orion's Arm planets, spacecraft and other objects, and additional transhumanist flavored SF illustrations. The first published Orion's Arm book, a collection of five novellas set within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soliton
In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a nonlinear, self-reinforcing, localized wave packet that is , in that it preserves its shape while propagating freely, at constant velocity, and recovers it even after collisions with other such localized wave packets. Its remarkable stability can be traced to a balanced cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium.Dispersive effects are a property of certain systems where the speed of a wave depends on its frequency. Solitons were subsequently found to provide stable solutions of a wide class of weakly nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations describing physical systems. The soliton phenomenon was first described in 1834 by John Scott Russell who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and named it the " Wave of Translation". The Korteweg–de Vries equation was later formulated to model such waves, and the term "soliton" was coined by Zabu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theoretical Physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict List of natural phenomena, natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena. The advancement of science generally depends on the interplay between experimental studies and theory. In some cases, theoretical physics adheres to standards of mathematical rigour while giving little weight to experiments and observations.There is some debate as to whether or not theoretical physics uses mathematics to build intuition and illustrativeness to extract physical insight (especially when normal experience fails), rather than as a tool in formalizing theories. This links to the question of it using mathematics in a less formally rigorous, and more intuitive or heuristic way than, say, mathematical physics. For example, while developing special relativity, Albert E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dark Matter
In astronomy, dark matter is an invisible and hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other electromagnetic radiation. Dark matter is implied by gravity, gravitational effects that cannot be explained by general relativity unless more matter is present than can be observed. Such effects occur in the context of Galaxy formation and evolution, formation and evolution of galaxies, gravitational lensing, the observable universe's current structure, mass position in galactic collisions, the motion of galaxies within galaxy clusters, and cosmic microwave background Anisotropy, anisotropies. Dark matter is thought to serve as gravitational scaffolding for cosmic structures. After the Big Bang, dark matter clumped into blobs along narrow filaments with superclusters of galaxies forming a cosmic web at scales on which entire galaxies appear like tiny particles. In the standard Lambda-CDM model of cosmology, the mass–energy equivalence, mass–energy content o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypothetical Particles
This is a list of hypothetical subatomic particles in physics. Elementary particles Some theories predict the existence of additional elementary bosons and fermions that are not found in the Standard Model. Particles predicted by supersymmetric theories Supersymmetry predicts the existence of superpartners to particles in the Standard Model, none of which have been confirmed experimentally. The sfermions (spin-0) include: Another hypothetical sfermion is the saxion, superpartner of the axion. Forms a supermultiplet, together with the axino and the axion, in supersymmetric extensions of Peccei–Quinn theory. The predicted bosinos (spin ) are Just as the photon, Z and W± bosons are superpositions of the B, W, W, and W fields, the photino, zino, and wino are superpositions of the bino, wino, wino, and wino. No matter if one uses the original gauginos or this superpositions as a basis, the only predicted physical particles are neutralinos and charginos as a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Kusenko
Alexander Kusenko is a theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, and cosmologist who is currently a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In addition, Kusenko holds an appointment of Senior Scientist at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) since February 2008. He has served as a general member of the board of Aspen Center for Physics 2004-2019. Kusenko was awarded the status of Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2008 for ''original and seminal contributions to particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology''. In 2021, Kusenko was awarded a Simons Fellowship in Theoretical Physics. In 2021, he entered a $10,000 wager with Derek Muller over the possibility of sailing straight downwind faster than the wind, which he later conceded. References External links *Scientific publications of Alexander Kusenkoon INSPIRE-HEP *''Scientists may have solved mystery of matter’s origin'' by Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sliders (TV Series)
''Sliders'' is an American science-fiction and fantasy television series created by Robert K. Weiss and Tracy Tormé. It was broadcast for five seasons between 1995 and 2000. The series follows a group of travelers as they use a wormhole A wormhole is a hypothetical structure that connects disparate points in spacetime. It can be visualized as a tunnel with two ends at separate points in spacetime (i.e., different locations, different points in time, or both). Wormholes are base ... to "slide" between parallel universes. Weiss, Tormé, Leslie Belzberg, John Landis, David Peckinpah, Bill Dial, and Alan Barnette served as executive producers at different times of the production. For its first two seasons, it was produced in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California, in the last three seasons. The first three seasons were broadcast by Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox. After being canceled by Fox, the series moved to Sci-Fi Channel for its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Cox (physicist)
Brian Edward Cox (born 3 March 1968) is an English physicist and musician who is professor of particle physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester and the Royal Society Professor for Public Engagement in Science. He is best known to the public as the presenter of science programmes, especially BBC Radio 4’s ''The Infinite Monkey Cage'' and the ''Wonders of...'' series and for popular science books, including '' Why Does E=mc2?'' and '' The Quantum Universe''. Cox has been described as the natural successor for the BBC's scientific programming by Sir David Attenborough. Before his academic career, Cox was a keyboard player for the British bands Dare and D:Ream. Early life and education Cox was born on 3 March 1968 in the Royal Oldham Hospital, later living in nearby Chadderton from 1971. He has a younger sister. His parents worked for The Yorkshire Bank, his mother as a cashier and his father as a middle-manager in the same branch. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry is a Theory, theoretical framework in physics that suggests the existence of a symmetry between Particle physics, particles with integer Spin (physics), spin (''bosons'') and particles with half-integer spin (''fermions''). It proposes that for every known particle, there exists a partner particle with different spin properties. There have been multiple experiments on supersymmetry that have failed to provide evidence that it exists in nature. If evidence is found, supersymmetry could help explain certain phenomena, such as the nature of dark matter and the hierarchy problem in particle physics. A supersymmetric theory is a theory in which the equations for force and the equations for matter are identical. In theoretical physics, theoretical and mathematical physics, any theory with this property has the ''principle of supersymmetry'' (SUSY). Dozens of supersymmetric theories exist. In theory, supersymmetry is a type of Spacetime symmetries, spacetime symmetry betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
