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Pērkonkrusts
Pērkonkrusts (, "Thunder Cross") was a Latvian ultranationalist, Anti-German sentiment, anti-German, anti-Slavic, and antisemitic political party founded in 1933 by Gustavs Celmiņš, borrowing elements of German nationalism—but being unsympathetic to Nazism at the time—and Italian Fascism.Uģis Šulcs. Pērkonkrusts''. historia.lv. 2002. Retrieved 11 February 2014. It was outlawed in 1934, its leadership arrested, and Celmiņš eventually exiled in 1937. Still-imprisoned members were persecuted under the first Soviet occupation; some collaborated with subsequently invading Nazi Germany forces in perpetrating the Holocaust. Pērkonkrusts continued to exist in some form until 1944, when Celmiņš, who had initially returned to work in the occupying German administration, was imprisoned. Following the restoration of Latvia's independence in 1991, a new radical nationalist movement, also called ''Pērkonkrusts'', was formed in 1995. The organization espouses many of the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustavs Celmiņš
Gustavs Celmiņš (April 1, 1899 – April 10, 1968) was a Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...n politician, who was the founder of the ultranationalist, Anti-German sentiment, anti-German, anti-Slavic, and antisemitic political party Pērkonkrusts. Biography He was educated at the commerce school of the Riga Stock Exchange, and graduated in Moscow. In 1917, he began studies at the Riga Polytechnical Institute which had been evacuated to Moscow. After the October Revolution, he returned to Latvia. In 1918, Celmiņš enlisted into the newly created Military of Latvia, Latvian Army, and was promoted to lieutenant the following year, and was then appointed Latvian military attaché in Poland. In 1921, he was awarded the Order of Lāčplēsis. Retired from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union (Latvia)
The National Union (, NA) was a far-right political party in Latvia during the inter-war period.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1104 It was led by Arveds Bergs.Vincent E. McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p450 History The party was established in 1919, and contested the 1922 parliamentary elections as the Non-Partisan Independent Centre (''Bezpartijiskais nacionālais centrs''), winning four seats in the 1st Saeima. Prior to the 1925 elections the party became the National Union, before going on to win three seats in the 2nd Saeima. The 1928 parliamentary elections saw the party reduced to two seats, with both being lost in the 1931 parliamentary elections. The party ceased to exist after 15 May 1934 Latvian coup d'état, when all political parties were banned following a self coup by Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis. Ideology The party represented conservative parts of the commercial, professi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monument To The Liberators Of Soviet Latvia And Riga From The German Fascist Invaders
The Monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and Riga from the German Fascist Invaders, unofficially known simply as the Victory Monument, was a memorial complex in Victory Park (Riga), Victory Park, Pārdaugava, Riga, Latvia, erected in 1985 to commemorate the Red Army soldiers that Riga offensive (1944), recaptured Riga and Baltic offensive, the rest of Latvia at the end of World War II (1944–1945). The complex consisted of a 79-metre tall obelisk that consisted of five columns topped by five-pointed star, and two groups of sculptures – Personification of Russia, Homeland the Mother (''Dzimtene-māte'', ''Родина-мать'') and a band of three soldiers. The monument was the subject of long-standing controversy in modern Latvian society, concerning the historical memory of World War II and the legacy of Soviet rule. Many Latvians, ethnic Latvians regarded it not as a symbol of liberation, but rather start of the Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944, Soviet re-occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose coming as the Messiah#Christianity, messiah (Christ (title), Christ) was Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament, prophesied in the Old Testament and chronicled in the New Testament. It is the Major religious groups, world's largest and most widespread religion with over 2.3 billion followers, comprising around 28.8% of the world population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in Christianity by country, 157 countries and territories. Christianity remains Christian culture, culturally diverse in its Western Christianity, Western and Eastern Christianity, Eastern branches, and doctrinally diverse concerning Justification (theology), justification and the natur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jews In Latvia
The history of the Jews in Latvia dates back to the first Jewish colony established in Piltene in 1571. Jews contributed to Latvia's development until the Northern War (1700–1721), which decimated Latvia's population.R. O. G. Urch. Latvia: Country and People. London, Allen & Unwin. 1938. The Jewish community reestablished itself in the 18th century, mainly through an influx from Prussia, and came to play a principal role in the economic life of Latvia. Under an independent Latvia, Jews formed political parties and participated as members of parliament. The Jewish community flourished. Jewish parents had the right to send their children to schools using Hebrew as the language of instruction, as part of a significant network of minority schools. World War II ended the prominence of the Jewish community. Under Joseph Stalin, Jews, who formed only 5% of the population, constituted 12% of the deportees.Swain, G. Between Stalin and Hitler. Routledge, New York. 2004. 80% of Latv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Germans
Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their resettlement in 1945 after the end of World War II, Baltic Germans have drastically declined as a geographically determined ethnic group in the region, with diaspora generally relocating to Germany proper and beyond. Since the late Middle Ages, native German-speakers formed the majority of merchants and clergy, and the large majority of the local landowning nobility who effectively constituted a ruling class over indigenous Latvian and Estonian non-nobles. By the time a distinct Baltic German ethnic identity began emerging in the 19th century, the majority of self-identifying Baltic Germans were non-nobles belonging mostly to the urban and professional middle class. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Catholic German traders and crusaders (''see '') began settling in the eastern Baltic territories. With the decline of Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers () is a Dutch international academic publisher of books, academic journals, and Bibliographic database, databases founded in 1683, making it one of the oldest publishing houses in the Netherlands. Founded in the South Holland city of Leiden, it maintains its headquarters there, while also operating offices in Boston, Paderborn, Vienna, Singapore, and Beijing. Since 1896, Brill has been a public limited company (). Brill is especially known for its work in subject areas such as Oriental studies, classics, religious studies, Jewish studies, Islamic studies, Asian studies, international law, and human rights. The publisher offers traditional print books, academic journals, primary source materials online, and publications on microform. In recent decades, Brill has expanded to Electronic publishing, digital publishing with ebooks and online resources including databases and specialty collections varying by discipline. History Founding by Luchtmans, 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Griffin
Roger David Griffin (born 31 January 1948) is a British professor of modern history and political theorist at Oxford Brookes University, England. His principal interest is the socio-historical and ideological dynamics of fascism, as well as various forms of political or religious fanaticism. Education and career Griffin obtained a First in French and German Literature from Oxford University, then began teaching History of ideas at Oxford Polytechnic (now Oxford Brookes). Becoming interested in the study of extremist right-wing movements and regimes which have shaped modern history, Griffin obtained a PhD from Oxford University in 1990. He first developed his palingenesis theory of fascism in his PhD thesis. His best known work is ''The Nature of Fascism'' (1991). In May 2011, he received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Leuven in recognition of his services to the comparative study of fascism. Research and writing Griffin's theory, set out first in ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism (book)
''Fascism'' is a book edited by political theorist Roger Griffin. It was published by Oxford University Press in 1995 as a 410-page paperback. It is a reader in the Oxford Readers series, which assembles the writings of various authors on the topic of fascism and the far-right. It serves as an English-language source book to introduce readers to pre-fascist anti-liberalism, interwar fascism in Italy and Germany, as well as associated international variants of fascism from Argentina to Japan. Description Griffin attempts a comprehensive survey of the illiberal right-wing throughout the 20th century, including topics as diverse as radical ecologism, neo-paganism, ultra-nationalism, and fanatical racism. Authors include an eclectic mix of philosophers, politicians, poets, agitators, and social critics, ranging from the fairly benign pessimistic poet-scholars of Weimar Germany (such as Stefan George, Ernst Jünger, and Martin Heidegger) to the rhetoric of those such as Heinrich H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Right (Europe)
In political science, the terms radical right, reactionary right, populist right, and hard right have been used to refer to the range of Nationalism, nationalist, Right-wing politics, right-wing and Far-right politics, far-right political parties that have grown in support in Europe since the late 1970s. Populist right groups have shared a number of causes, which typically include Anti-globalization movement#Nationalist opposition against globalization, opposition to globalisation and Opposition to immigration#Europe, immigration, criticism of multiculturalism, and Euroscepticism#Hard Euroscepticism, opposition to the European Union, with some opposing liberal democracy or rejecting democracy altogether in favor of "Illiberal democracy" or outright authoritarian dictatorship. The ideological spectrum of the radical right extends from staunchly right-wing national conservatism and right-wing populism to far-right Third Positionism and other Neo-fascism, neo-fascist ideologies. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kas Ir Perkonkrusts
Kas, Kaš, or KAS may refer to: Government * Kerala Administrative Service, administrative civil service of the state of Kerala, India * Karnataka Administrative Service, civil service of the Indian state of Karnataka People * Kaş (surname), a Turkish surname * Martien Kas (born 1966), Dutch neuroscientist Fictional characters * Kas the Bloody-Handed, in the Greyhawk setting Places * Kås, a town in Denmark * Kaş, a town in Antalya province of Turkey * Gash, Hormozgan, also known as Kās, a town in Iran * Qass, Azerbaijan, also known as Kas, a village on Azerbaijan Schools * Kaohsiung American School in Taiwan * Karachi American School in Pakistan Organizations * Kas (cycling team), Spain, sponsored by the soft drink * Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, a German political foundation * Korean Astronomical Society Other uses * Kas (drink), a brand of soft drink produced by PepsiCo * Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, a group of enzymes * Kas, a Dutch style of closet for storing cloth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
