|
Pyry, Warsaw
Pyry is a Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, municipal neighbourhood, and a City Information System (Warsaw), City Information System area, in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Ursynów. It is a residential area, consisting of single-family housing. Pyry was founded in the 18th century as a farming community. In the late 1930s, there was constructed the military complex if the Cipher Bureau (Poland), Cipher Bureau, in which, from 1937 to 1939, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki, and Henryk Zygalski worked on developing the Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, decryption techniques of the Enigma machine used by the Nazi Germany. The village was incorporated into Warsaw in 1951. History Pyry, historically known as Pery, was founded in the 18th century, originally being the southern extension of the village of Imielin, Warsaw, Imielin. It was a farming community with a few households.Barbara Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor): ''Encyklopedia Warszawy'', Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts And Neighbourhoods Of Warsaw
Warsaw is a city with powiat rights, and is further divided into 18 districts (''dzielnica'' ), auxiliary units which are legally integral parts of the city as an entity, but with some limited powers devolved to their own local governments (or ‘self-governments’ as they are typically referred to in Polish). The current division into quarters was established in 2002. The 18 districts are informally divided broadly into the inner and outer city quarters, as follows: *Inner city districts **Śródmieście **Mokotów **Ochota **Wola **Żoliborz **Praga Południe **Praga Północ *Outer city (or "wreath") districts **Bemowo **Białołęka **Bielany **Rembertów **Targówek **Ursus **Ursynów **Wawer **Wesoła **Wilanów **Włochy Districts of Warsaw Neighbourhoods Each of the districts is customarily subdivided into several smaller areas, known under the designation of a neighbourhood (''osiedle''), a unit with no legal or administrative powers, used for statistics or as a de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptanalysis Of The Enigma
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies of World War II, Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse code, Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from other decrypted Axis radio and teleprinter transmissions, was given the codename ''Ultra (cryptography), Ultra''. The Enigma machines were a family of portable cipher machines with rotor machine, rotor scramblers. Good operating procedures, properly enforced, would have made the plugboard Enigma machine unbreakable to the Allies at that time. The German plugboard-equipped Enigma became the principal cryptography, crypto-system of the Third Reich, German Reich and later of other Axis powers. In December 1932 it was broken by mathematician Marian Rejewski at the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau (Poland), Cipher Bureau, using mathematical permutation group theory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Operations Centre – Air Component Command
An atmosphere () is a layer of gases that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A stellar atmosphere is the outer region of a star, which includes the layers above the opaque photosphere; stars of low temperature might have outer atmospheres containing compound molecules. The atmosphere of Earth is composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.04%) and trace gases. Most organisms use oxygen for respiration; lightning and bacteria perform nitrogen fixation which produces ammonia that is used to make nucleotides and amino acids; plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. The layered composition of the atmosphere minimises the harmful effects of sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, solar wind, and cosmic rays and thus protects the organisms from genetic damage. The current composition of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish General Staff
Polish General Staff, formally known as the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces ( Polish: ''Sztab Generalny Wojska Polskiego'') is the highest professional body within the Polish Armed Forces. Organizationally, it is an integral part of the Ministry of National Defence and the Chief of the General Staff is the highest ranking military officer at the Ministry. It was created in 1918, and was renamed the Main Staff (''Sztab Główny'') in 1928 before being reverted back to General Staff (''Sztab Generalny'') in 1945 by the Soviet backed Communist Government. Currently General Wiesław Kukuła holds the position of Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces (''Szef Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego''). History and structure On 25 October 1918, a decision was made to establish the directorate of the chief of staff of the Polish Army. On 22 December 1928 the General Staff was renamed to the Main Staff (''Sztab Główny''). In September 1939, during the Invasion of Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabaty Woods
The Stefan Starzyński Kabaty Woods Nature Reserve () is a woodland park located in southern Warsaw, between two major arteries, Puławska Street, Warsaw, Puławska and Łukasz Drewny Streets. Administratively the park belongs to southern Warsaw's Ursynów district. The Kabaty Woods lie on flat ground, except for an east part comprising hills of dune origin. A striking landscape accent is a high escarpment above the glacial valley of the Vistula River, which forms the reserve's eastern border. The Kabaty Woods are a reservoir of fresh air for the surrounding housing developments, as well as a popular place of rest and recreation. The Woods are easily reached via buses and the Warsaw Metro. During the Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German occupation of Poland (World War II), it was the site of a massacre of 200 Polish people, Poles, perpetrated by the Germans in December 1939 and January 1940 as part of the genocidal ''Intelligenzaktion'' campaign. Origin of name The Kab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holiday Village
A holiday village (abbreviated HV) is a holiday resort where the visitors stay in villas. There is a central area with shops, entertainment, and other amenities.Stanisław Pietkiewicz, Stefan Żmuda: ''Słownik pojęć geograficznych''. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1973, p. 238. (in Polish) One example is Center Parcs. See also * Resort town * Cottage country Cottage country is a common name in Ontario, New Brunswick, and other regions of Canada for areas that are popular locations for recreational properties such as cottages and summer homes. In the Greater Toronto Area, cottage country traffic r ... References {{Tourism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interwar Period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII). It was relatively short, yet featured many social, political, military, and economic changes throughout the world. Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation led to the prosperous Roaring Twenties, a time of social mobility, social and economic mobility for the middle class. Automobiles, electric lighting, radio, and more became common among populations in the developed world, first world. The era's indulgences were followed by the Great Depression, an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies. Politically, the era coincided with the rise of communism, starting in Russia with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, at the end of WWI, and ended with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puławska Street, Warsaw
Puławska Street () is one of the main streets of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It links the southern City Centre and the southern boroughs of Mokotów and Ursynów with the suburb of Piaseczno. The street is named after the city of Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka River, Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was Cen ..., Poland. See also * Puławy faction External links *History of Puławska Streets in Warsaw Mokotów {{Poland-road-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warszawa Mokotów Railway Station
Warszawa Mokotów (''Warsaw Mokotów''), until 1930 known simply as Warszawa (''Warsaw''), was a narrow-gauge railway station in Warsaw, Poland, located at the Union of Lublin Square. It was a turning station of two lines operated by the Wilanów Railway, and one line of the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was opened in 1892, and in 1935, it was moved the intersection of Puławska and Odyńca Streets, where it operated until 1938. History In 1892, next to the Union of Lublin Square, between Puławska and Chocimska Streets, was opened the Warszawa (''Warsaw'') narrow-gauge railway station. It was a terminal station of two lines operated by the Wilanów Railway, one to leading to Piaseczno, and other to station Warszawa Główna Wąskotorowa in the city centre. In 1898, there was also added a line of the Grójec Commuter Railway, leading to the Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. In 1930, it was renamted to ''Warszawa (Mokotów)'', and in 1933, to ''Warszawa Mokotów'', in reference to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warszawa Mokotów–Nowe Miasto Nad Pilicą Railway Line
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaseczno Narrow-gauge Railway
Piaseczno () is a town in east-central Poland with 47,660 inhabitants. It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, just south of Warsaw, approximately south of its center. It is a residential area and a suburb of Warsaw. It is the capital city of Piaseczno County. Founded in the medieval period, Piaseczno is a former royal city of Poland, which once housed a Polish Royal palace. It was the site of several Polish clashes against foreign invaders and occupiers. History Early history The origins of the city date back to a 13th-century village, located on the route between Warsaw and Czersk. Its strategic position meant that the village grew quickly. On 5 November 1429 the town obtained a charter, and soon became a local market. A further charter was confirmed in 1461.E. i W. Bagińscy, Szkice z dziejów Miasta Piaseczna, wyd. OK Piaseczno, 2004, p 5-6. In 1537 the town became Royal property and in the second half of the 16th century reached 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrow-gauge Railway
A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with tighter curves, smaller structure gauges, and lighter rails; they can be less costly to build, equip, and operate than standard- or broad-gauge railways (particularly in mountainous or difficult terrain). Lower-cost narrow-gauge railways are often used in mountainous terrain, where engineering savings can be substantial. Lower-cost narrow-gauge railways are often built to serve industries as well as sparsely populated communities where the traffic potential would not justify the cost of a standard- or broad-gauge line. Narrow-gauge railways have specialised use in mines and other environments where a small structure gauge necessitates a small loading gauge. In some countries, narrow gauge is the standard: Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, New Zealand, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
