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Pyana
The Pyana () is a river in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Sura. History and etymology Pyana translates from Russian into ''drunken''. The original name of the river was likely Piana, and, like many other old Russian geographical names, might be of Uralic origin (compare Finnish ''pieni'' meaning ''small''). The most likely reason for the transformation of Piana to Pyana was the Battle on Pyana River. The battle was fought on 2 August 1377 between the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha (Arab-Shah Muzaffar) and joint Russian troops under Knyaz Ivan Dmitriyevich. Awaiting the battle, the Russian Army lost discipline with drunkenness being a norm. They were unexpectedly attacked from all sides and crushed by the Mongols, forcing retreat to and across the Pyana. Many soldiers, and the Knyaz himself, drowned while crossing it. This explanation is further supported by the original text of the chronicles of the battle, where the writer fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle On Pyana River
The Battle on Pyana River () took place on August 2, 1377 on the Pyana River between the Golden Horde under Arab Shah (Arapsha) and an alliance of Russian principalities led by Prince Ivan Dmitriyevich, made up of the Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl, Yuryev, Nizhny Novgorod, and Murom principalities. The Russian army, being drunken, was almost entirely routed by small forces of Arapsha, while Ivan Dmitriyevich had drowned together with druzhina and staff. The river's name Pyana, translated as "drunken" from Russian, is derived from those events. The corresponding events are further recorded in the medieval Russian ''Chronicle On The Slaughter at Pyana River''. Background In 1377 Moscow became aware of Arapsha and Knyaz Dmitry raising an army to recover his father-in-law Dmitri of Nizhny Novgorod. However nothing had happened and the troops returned to Moscow. Young knyaz Ivan Dmitriyevich, who assumed the joint command, moved the troops to River Pyana. The voyevodas learned that Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sura (river)
The Sura (, , ''Săr'') is a river in Russia, a north-flowing right tributary of the Volga. Its mouth on the Volga is about halfway between Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. It flows through Penza Oblast, Mordovia, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Chuvashia and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .«Река СУРА» Russian State Water Registry It is navigable for 394 km from the mouth. The city of , and smaller towns Alatyr, Shumerlya, Yadrin lie along the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergach
Sergach () is a town and the administrative center of Sergachsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Pyana River (Sura's tributary), southeast of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History The village of Sergach was first mentioned in 1649. It was granted town status in 1779. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sergach serves as the administrative center of Sergachsky District.Order #3-od As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Sergachsky District as the town of district significance of Sergach. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Sergach is incorporated within Sergachsky Municipal District as Sergach Urban Settlement.Law #157-Z Transportation The town is located on one of Russia's high-speed railways connecting Moscow with Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perevoz, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Perevoz () is a town and the administrative center of Perevozsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Pyana River, southeast of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Town status was granted to Perevoz in 2001. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Perevoz serves as the administrative center of Perevozsky District.Order #3-od As an administrative division, it is, together with the village of Chergat, incorporated within Perevozsky District as the town of district significance of Perevoz. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Perevoz is incorporated within Perevozsky Municipal District as Perevoz Urban Settlement.Law #164-Z Notable people *Gennady Yanayev Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev (; 26 August 193724 September 2010) was a Soviet politician and disputed President of the Soviet Union for three days. Yanayev's political career spanne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Upland
The Volga Upland, also known as the Volga Uplands, Volga Hills, or Volga Plateau (), is a vast region of the East European Plain in the European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland. The uplands lie in the cool continental climate zone, characterised by large fluctuations in seasonal temperatures and generally little rainfall. Outside of the cities in the region, population density is generally between 28 and 129 inhabitants per square mile. Geography The uplands run for approximately in a southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan. The Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies at the southwestern end of the Volga Upland, with the Kuybyshev Reservoir at the northeastern end. The landscape on the Volga Uplands is hilly, and several rivers have cut into it, such as the Khopyor, Medveditsa and the Sura. The Volga–Don Canal cuts through the lowlands between the Volga Uplands to the north and the adjacent Yergeni Hills to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is Electricity generation, electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies 15% of the world's electricity, almost 4,210 TWh in 2023, which is more than all other Renewable energy, renewable sources combined and also more than nuclear power. Hydropower can provide large amounts of Low-carbon power, low-carbon electricity on demand, making it a key element for creating secure and clean electricity supply systems. A hydroelectric power station that has a dam and reservoir is a flexible source, since the amount of electricity produced can be increased or decreased in seconds or minutes in response to varying electricity demand. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, it produces no direct waste, and almost always emits considerably less greenhouse gas than fossil fuel-powered energy plants. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Encyclopedia'' in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia". Origins The idea of the ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' emerged in 1923 on the initiative of Otto Schmidt, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In early 1924 Schmidt worked with a group which included Mikhail Pokrovsky, (rector of the Institute of Red Professors), Nikolai Meshcheryakov (Former head of the General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press, Glavit, the State Administration of Publishing Affairs), Valery Bryusov (poet), Veniamin Kagan (mathematician) and Konstantin Kuzminsky to draw up a proposal which was agreed to in April 1924. Also involved was Anatoly Lunacharsky, People' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karst
Karst () is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and Dolomite (rock), dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some evidence that karst may occur in more weathering-resistant rocks such as quartzite given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. In regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification, hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knyaz
A , also , ''knjaz'' or (), is a historical Slavs, Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times. It is usually translated into English language, English as 'prince', 'king' or 'duke', depending on specific historical context and the potentially known Latin equivalents at the time; the word was originally derived from the Proto-Germanic language, common Germanic ('king'). Feminine forms of the word may be divided into two groups: * "Princess", be it princess consort (wife of a reigning prince), princess regnant (reigning princess ''suo jure''), or princess regent (reigning on behalf of an underage prince, usually her son after her husband's death) ** Belarusian language, Belarusian: ''kniahinia'' (княгіня) ** Bulgarian language, Bulgarian and Russian language, Russian: () ** Slovene language, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, and Macedonian language, Macedonian: (in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Serbian and Macedonian alphabet, Macedonian Cyrillic: ) ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Horde
The Blue Horde ( Mongolian: ''Хөх орд/khökh ord''; Tatar: ''Күк Урда/Kük Urda''; Turkish: ''Gök Ordu'') was a crucial component of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise in 1227. Functioning as the eastern part of the split Golden Horde, it contrasted with the White Horde's western segment (see the Turkic cardinal system), adhering to the Mongolian and Turkic tradition of cardinal direction colors. The problem of identifying the color of the hordes In historiography, there are contradictory uses of the color terminology in medieval sources. The Eastern part of the Golden Horde According to the traditional point of view in Russian chronicles, the Blue Horde is seen as the eastern part of the Golden Horde, which was being found in the allegiance on west, and which was being governed by the descendants of Orda Khan. After the succession struggle of Batu's line in the 1360's, known as the "Great Troubles", the authority of both parts of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khan (title)
Khan (, , ) is a historic Turkic peoples, Turkic and Proto-Mongols, Mongolic title originating among nomadic tribes in the Eurasian Steppe#Divisions, Central and Eastern Eurasian Steppe to refer to a king. It first appears among the Rouran and then the Göktürks as a variant of khagan (sovereign, emperor) and implied a subordinate ruler. In the Seljuk Empire, Seljük Empire, it was the highest noble title, ranking above malik (king) and emir (prince). In the Mongol Empire it signified the ruler of a Orda (organization), horde (''ulus''), while the ruler of all the Mongols was the khagan or great khan. It is a title commonly used to signify the head of a Pashtun Pashtun tribes, tribe or clan. The title subsequently declined in importance. During the Safavid Iran, Safavid and Qajar Iran, Qajar dynasty it was the title of an army general high noble rank who was ruling a province, and in Mughal Empire, Mughal India it was a high noble rank restricted to courtiers. After the downfal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A History Of Vodka
''A History of Vodka'' (, Romanized: ) is an academic monograph by William Pokhlyobkin, which was awarded the Langhe Ceretto Prize. Although the work had been finished in 1979, it was published just before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In his book, in particular, Pokhlyobkin wanted the Russian vodka to be legally produced only from the rye stuff. The book After years of painstaking research Pokhlyobkin concluded that Russia's first grain-based vodka could have been distilled at the premises of the Chudov Monastery in the Moscow Kremlin by a monk called Isidore circa 1430. Apparently, the distillation technology spread to the city of Moscow itself in 1440s. Pokhlyobkin suggests that both prohibition and drunkenness are scourges which encourage one another. He suggests that irresponsible and uncultured ways of consuming vodka make people drunk, not vodka itself. The later Russian editions include the 2005 softcover issue by Tsentrpoligraf (). Criticism Three years after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
